Blood Typing System

Blood Typing System

• The blood typing system is used to determine an individual's blood group.
• The differences in blood groups are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens or antibodies.

Antigens and Antibodies

• An antigen is a foreign substance that causes an immune response, either alone or when forming a complex with a large protein molecule.
• Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to defend against foreign substances that may harm the body.

Blood Groups

• There are 4 major blood groups based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC).
• Group A has only the A antigen on blood cells.
• Group B has only the B antigen on blood cells.
• Group AB has both A and B antigens on blood cells.
• Group O has neither A nor B antigens on blood cells.

Blood Transfusion

• Blood transfusion is done based on the compatibility of blood groups.
• Not all blood groups are compatible with each other, making it essential to determine the blood group for safe transfusion.
• Incompatible blood transfusion can result in death.

Blood Group Detection

• Traditional blood group detection is done manually by lab technicians, which has drawbacks such as:
  • Consuming more time
  • Possibility of human error, leading to incorrect blood group detection
• Automated blood detection systems can detect blood groups within a fraction of a second, eliminating human errors.