Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following cells are primarily involved in humoral immunity?
Which of the following cells are primarily involved in humoral immunity?
Eosinophils increase in number during measles and typhus infections.
Eosinophils increase in number during measles and typhus infections.
False
What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?
What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?
Kidney-shaped
The number of platelets in a healthy individual typically ranges from ________ to 40 x 10⁹/l.
The number of platelets in a healthy individual typically ranges from ________ to 40 x 10⁹/l.
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Which of the following statements regarding thrombocytopenia is accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding thrombocytopenia is accurate?
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Match the blood components with their descriptions:
Match the blood components with their descriptions:
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Lymphocytes can be categorized into small, medium, and large based on their dimensions.
Lymphocytes can be categorized into small, medium, and large based on their dimensions.
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The molecules synthesized by activated B-lymphocytes are called ________.
The molecules synthesized by activated B-lymphocytes are called ________.
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Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in a complete blood count (CBC)?
Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in a complete blood count (CBC)?
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Eosinophils are classified as microphages.
Eosinophils are classified as microphages.
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What are the three key functions of basophils?
What are the three key functions of basophils?
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Neutrophils primarily function as __________, engulfing and destroying bacteria.
Neutrophils primarily function as __________, engulfing and destroying bacteria.
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Match the following types of leukocytes with their characteristics:
Match the following types of leukocytes with their characteristics:
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What percent of leukocytes in a normal CBC is represented by eosinophils?
What percent of leukocytes in a normal CBC is represented by eosinophils?
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Histamine secreted by basophils reduces capillary permeability.
Histamine secreted by basophils reduces capillary permeability.
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What is neutrophilia?
What is neutrophilia?
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What is the primary fluid component of blood?
What is the primary fluid component of blood?
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Erythrocytes are also known as white blood cells.
Erythrocytes are also known as white blood cells.
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What is the lifespan of erythrocytes in women?
What is the lifespan of erythrocytes in women?
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The process of blood clotting involves platelets and _____ proteins.
The process of blood clotting involves platelets and _____ proteins.
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Match the following blood components with their primary functions:
Match the following blood components with their primary functions:
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Which of the following is a function of leukocytes?
Which of the following is a function of leukocytes?
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The average erythrocyte count for men is lower than for women.
The average erythrocyte count for men is lower than for women.
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What is the embryonic origin of blood tissue?
What is the embryonic origin of blood tissue?
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The number of erythrocytes can increase to a condition known as _____ when there is an elevated count.
The number of erythrocytes can increase to a condition known as _____ when there is an elevated count.
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Which component of blood has a biconcave disk shape and is anucleate?
Which component of blood has a biconcave disk shape and is anucleate?
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Study Notes
Blood Tissue
- Blood is a fundamental tissue type
- Accounts for 7% - 8% of total body weight
- Ranges from 4 to 6 liters
- Composed of two key components: cells and plasma (fluid extracellular component)
Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells): These cells carry oxygen
- Leukocytes (white blood cells): Crucial for the immune system
- Thrombocytes (platelets): Involved in blood clotting
Fluid Extracellular Component
- Blood plasma: This component makes up approximately 55% of blood
Blood Tissue - Localization
- Blood vessels
- Hematopoietic organs
Blood Tissue - Functions: Metabolism
- Water-salt exchange
- Nutrient and metabolic product transport
Blood Tissue - Functions: Respiratory
- Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transport between alveoli and tissue cells (primarily erythrocyte function)
Blood Tissue - Functions: Protective
- White blood cells (leukocytes) participate in immune responses
Blood Tissue - Functions: Regulatory
- Transport of hormones, growth factors, and other active substances
- Thermoregulation
- Blood clotting (formation of thrombi in vessel ruptures - platelet and plasma protein function)
Blood Tissue - Embryonic Origin
- Mesenchyme (fourth embryonic layer)
Erythrocytes
- Red blood cells (RBC)
- Functional role: respiratory function (oxygen and carbon dioxide transport)
- Typical shape: biconcave disc (7-8 µm)
- Lack a nucleus (anucleate cells)
- Cytoplasm is filled with hemoglobin
- Normal count: Men – 4.5 to 5.8 x 1012/L, Women – 4.2 to 5.4 x 1012/L
- Lifespan: in men – 140 days, in women – 110 days
- Breakdown is called erythroclasis (takes place in the liver and spleen)
- Increased RBC count: erythrocytosis
- Decreased RBC count: erythropenia
Hemoglobin
- Complex protein
- Composed of four polypeptide chains of globin
- Each globin chain contains a heme molecule containing iron (iron binds reversibly with oxygen or carbon dioxide).
Leukocytes
- White blood cells (WBC), leukocytes
- Circulate in blood, but function outside of blood vessels
- Move through capillary walls using pseudopodia (diapedesis)
- Normal count: 4 - 10 x 109/L
- Increased white blood cell count: leukocytosis
- Decreased white blood cell count: leukopenia
Types of Leukocytes
- Granulocytes (with specific granules)
- Neutrophils (Neu): 55-65% in CBC; 12-15µm; multiple lobes; phagocytosis of bacteria
- Eosinophils (Eo): 1-4% in CBC; 17µm, two-lobed nucleus; response to allergic reactions
- Basophils (Ba): 0.5-1% in CBC, irregular nucleus, release histamine
- Agranulocytes (without specific granules)
- Lymphocytes (Ly): 25-35% in CBC; various sizes (6-8µm, 8-12µm, 12-18µm); involved in immune response
- Monocytes (Mo): 4-8% in CBC; 20µm; kidney-shaped nucleus; differentiation into macrophages
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Measures percentages of leukocytes in blood
- Reveals unusual increases or decreases in cell counts, which may indicate underlying medical conditions
- Used to monitor treatment
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes
- Crucial for blood clotting
- Normal platelet count: 20–40 × 109/L
- Increased platelet count: thrombocytosis
- Decreased platelet count: thrombocytopenia
- Contain granules with clotting factors, serotonin, other substances for platelet aggregation, and lysosomes
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Description
Explore the fundamental aspects of blood tissue, including its composition, function, and localization in the body. This quiz covers the types of blood cells, their roles in transport and protection, and the significance of plasma. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of this essential body tissue.
