Blood Tests and Their Significance

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Questions and Answers

What indicates that a child may have a physiological condition related to bile levels?

Total bile levels are higher in children until the age of 12. (correct)

Direct bile levels are low in children under 12.

Total bile levels remain high until the age of 18.

Direct bile levels should be monitored only in adults.

What could potentially cause elevated direct bile levels in adults?

Genetic disorders

Physiological growth

Increased dietary fat intake

Viral infections such as hepatitis A (correct)

What is the primary reason for monitoring bile levels in infants?

To diagnose liver failure.

To evaluate potential physiological jaundice. (correct)

To assess growth patterns.

To determine metabolic syndrome risk.

What is the result of subtracting direct bile from total bile?

Indirect bile level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition associated with elevated bile levels?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant is associated with Grey-colored tubes?

Sodium Fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What color tube is used for testing with EDTA?

Black Signup and view all the answers

Which test is typically conducted after fasting for 8 hours?

GTC Signup and view all the answers

What anticoagulant is indicated for a RBS test?

Sodium Fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to stain bacteria for the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Ziehl-Neelsen staining Signup and view all the answers

When should the Hb A1c test be conducted?

Every 3 Months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests does NOT have fasting conditions?

RBS Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fluid is primarily analyzed for the presence of tuberculosis bacteria?

Pleural fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring BUN/Urea?

To assess kidney function Signup and view all the answers

Which test would NOT typically be associated with the detection of tuberculosis?

Stool analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant is used with serum samples?

Heparin Signup and view all the answers

For which condition would a 24hr protein/microalbumin test likely be conducted?

Kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fluids is least likely to be analyzed with respect to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis?

Ceruloplasmin Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid is used for PCR testing of HIV?

EDTA Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of Herpes infection as indicated in the content?

Can result in lesions Signup and view all the answers

How is Toxoplasmosis primarily transmitted to females according to the information provided?

Via contact with cats Signup and view all the answers

Which test is associated with typhoid fever as noted in the content?

Widal Test Signup and view all the answers

What type of culture is done for bacterial identification from a wound?

Wound Culture Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with causing a high fever as indicated in the content?

Cytomegalovirus Signup and view all the answers

What does the Tuberculin test measure?

Body's allergic reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluid is not typically used for DNA testing as mentioned?

Vaginal fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring Ferritin levels?

To evaluate iron storage in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which anti-coagulant is used for blood samples intended for Hematology tests like WBCs and Hb/HCT?

EDTA Signup and view all the answers

Which test is primarily used to identify types of anemia?

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical significance of C-Peptide testing?

To evaluate insulin production Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is D-Dimer testing useful?

To identify deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism Signup and view all the answers

Which test requires serum as the sample type?

Coombs Indirect Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) indicate?

Presence of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Sodium Citrate in blood testing?

To prevent clotting in coagulation studies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is performed to check for the presence of malaria?

Malaria Film Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'TIBC' stand for in the context of iron studies?

Total Iron Binding Capacity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Tests

Total Bile - Bile levels are physiologically higher in children under 12, but in adults elevated bile levels could signify a viral infection (A,B), gall bladder blockage, or another issue.
Direct Bile - Only direct and total bile are measured, while indirect bile is calculated as the difference between the two.
FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) - Requires fasting between 10-6 hours, averaging 8 hours.
PPS (Postprandial Blood Sugar) - Measures sugar levels 2 hours after eating.
RBS (Random Blood Sugar) - Can be taken at any time throughout the day.
GTC (Glucose Tolerance Test) - Requires a fast of 8 hours, followed by the consumption of 50 grams of sugar in water, and blood samples are taken after 1, 2, and 3 hours.
HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin) - Measures glucose levels in red blood cells over 120 days (3 months), and results are checked every 3 months.
BUN/Urea - Important for patients undergoing dye-based imaging, especially if they have kidney issues.
Creatinine (Cr) - The dye used in imaging can accumulate in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure.
C-Peptide - Can be tested fasting or after a meal.
Ammonia - Should be frozen, especially in cases of increased intracranial pressure.

Hematology Tests

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) - High levels indicate inflammation, but the location of the inflammation is not determined through this test.
Reticulocytes - Indicates the rate of red blood cell destruction.
Hb Electrophorises - Used to differentiate types of anemia.
Coombs Direct - Used for Rh Testing.
TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity)
Ferritin - Primarily indicates iron stores in the blood. High levels may indicate an inflammatory process and are not directly related to iron levels.
B.T (Bleeding Time) - Sodium citrate anticoagulant is used to ensure that patient’s blood readily clots before a surgical procedure.
C.T (Clotting Time) - Sodium citrate is used.
PT (Prothrombin Time)
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)
FDPs (Fibrin Degradation Products) - Used in cases of suspected blood clots.
Folic Acid - Deficiencies can result in birth defects, so pregnant women are often advised to take folic acid supplements.
B12 - Deficiencies can lead to nerve damage, especially concerning for diabetics.
Cytogenetics - Heparin is used as an anticoagulant in this test.

Immunology Tests

RF (Rheumatoid Factor) - Tests for rheumatoid arthritis.
CRP (C-Reactive Protein) - CRP tends to appear first in inflammatory process and disappears quickly.
HIV Ab (antibody) - Transmitted through blood and sexual contact
HIV PCR - Transmitted through blood and sexual contact
Toxo IgG / IgM - Transmitted through cats and can cause miscarriage.
Rubella IgG/ IgM - Transmitted through animals and can cause miscarriage.
Herpes IgG/ IgM - Can cause mouth and lip sores.
CMV IgG/ IgM - Transmitted through saliva, especially to infants.
EBV IgG/ IgM - Epstein-Barr virus causes high fevers.

Microbiology Tests

Urine Culture: Used to diagnose urinary tract infections
Stool Culture: Used to diagnose intestinal infections
Sputum Culture: Used to diagnose respiratory infections
Blood Culture: Used to diagnose bacteremia, or the presence of bacteria in the blood.
Wound Culture: Used to diagnose infections in wounds.
CSF Culture: Used to diagnose meningitis or encephalitis.
Vaginal Culture: Used to diagnose vaginal infections.
Cervical Culture: Used to diagnose cervical infections.
Prostate Culture: Used to diagnose prostate infections.
Urethral Culture: Used to diagnose urethral infections.
Eye/Ear Culture: Used to diagnose infections of the eye or ear.
Fungal Culture: Used to diagnose fungal infections.

Other Tests

Widal Test - Used to detect typhoid fever, which is often caused by consumption of contaminated meat.
Bilharzia - Infection caused by parasitic worms.
Brucella - Infection caused by bacteria that affects animals.
Tuberculin Test - Injects a substance that causes a reaction in the body if the person is infected with tuberculosis.
Tb.PCR/QuantiFERON: Tests for the presence of tuberculosis bacteria.
Ceruloplasmin
Haptoglobin

Body Fluid Analyses

Semen Analysis
Ascitic Fluid Analysis
Pleural Fluid Analysis
CSF Analysis
Prostate Fluid Analysis
Drain Fluid Analysis

Urine and Stool Analysis

Urine Analysis
Stool Analysis - This can also detect Occult Blood, or hidden blood in stool.
Protein / Creatinine Ratio
24hr Protein/Microalbumin

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Description

This quiz covers various blood tests, including Total Bile, Fasting Blood Sugar, and Glycated Hemoglobin, highlighting their purposes and requirements. Understanding these tests is crucial for diagnosing health issues and monitoring glucose levels in patients. Test your knowledge on the types and processes involved in blood testing.