Blood Pressure Regulation and Afferent Arteriole Constriction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

  • Converting vitamin D to its active form
  • Regulating the total volume of water in the body
  • Producing erythropoietin and renin (correct)
  • Regulating the concentrations of various ions in the extracellular fluid
  • What is the approximate daily volume of fluid filtered by the kidneys?

  • 100 liters
  • 200 liters (correct)
  • 150 liters
  • 250 liters
  • Where are the kidneys located in the body?

  • Behind the rib cage (correct)
  • In the abdominal cavity
  • In the pelvic region
  • In the thoracic cavity
  • Which layer of the kidney prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney?

    <p>Fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three distinct regions of a kidney when viewed in a frontal section?

    <p>Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry one-fourth of the total cardiac output to the kidneys each minute?

    <p>Renal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney provides the nerve supply and regulates renal blood flow?

    <p>Renal plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing almost everything filtered?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glomerulus?

    <p>Filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nephron plays an important role in producing concentrated urine?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does tubular secretion occur?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glomerular filtration?

    <p>It is a passive process driven by hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is GFR tightly regulated?

    <p>To maintain extracellular homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone makes the principal cells of the collecting ducts more permeable to water?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ADH secretion when the body is overhydrated?

    <p>ADH secretion decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone targets the principal cells of the collecting duct and cells of the distal portion of the DCT to enhance sodium reabsorption?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone reduces blood sodium content and decreases blood volume and blood pressure?

    <p>ANP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms primarily controls glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

    <p>Myogenic mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the purpose of extrinsic controls in regulating the GFR?

    <p>Maintain systemic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the NFP and GFR when the glomerular hydrostatic pressure falls by 18%?

    <p>NFP and GFR decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of mean arterial pressure over which autoregulatory mechanisms can maintain a relatively constant GFR?

    <p>80 - 180 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular complex in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the renal tubule reabsorbs all of the glucose and amino acids in the filtrate?

    <p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which segment of the renal tubule does water leave the tubule, but solutes are not reabsorbed?

    <p>Nephron Loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone fine-tunes the reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

    <p>Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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