Blood Pressure and Respiratory Health Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical range for systolic blood pressure?

  • 95-119 mmHg (correct)
  • 120-139 mmHg
  • 140-160 mmHg
  • 60-79 mmHg
  • Which condition is characterized by a reading below 95% on a pulse oximeter?

  • Hypotension
  • Hypertension
  • Inadequate oxygen perfusion (correct)
  • Tachypnea
  • What does a diastolic blood pressure reading of 80 mmHg indicate?

  • Shock
  • Hypotension
  • Normal
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • What term describes fast breathing, defined as greater than 20 breaths/min?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical clinical consequence of untreated hypertension?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

    <p>They specifically kill bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can be caused by fungi?

    <p>Athlete's Foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a person who carries an infection but displays no symptoms?

    <p>Carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protozoa are characterized by having a flagella?

    <p>Flagellates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the chain of infection?

    <p>Means of Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call a site where infectious organisms remain alive and multiply?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission involves inhaling droplets evaporated from an infected person's sneeze?

    <p>Airborne Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common form of fungal infection?

    <p>Ringworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal oral temperature for an adult?

    <p>98.6F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would likely cause audible breathing?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?

    <p>60-90 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect body temperature?

    <p>Hair color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pulse point is considered the best for measuring pulse?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bradypnea indicate?

    <p>Slow breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable method for measuring core body temperature?

    <p>Rectal thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is losing blood, what change in vital signs would you expect?

    <p>Low blood pressure and rapid pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of diseases includes old diseases that are recurring due to mutations?

    <p>Resurgent diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of nosocomial infection?

    <p>Urinary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition that can increase the risk of nosocomial infections?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of Hepatitis B on the body?

    <p>Liver dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is known for providing the most complete information about infectious disease in the U.S.?

    <p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nosocomial infection is specifically caused by a physician?

    <p>Iatrogenic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mask should healthcare workers use when treating patients with tuberculosis?

    <p>N-95 respirator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of emerging diseases?

    <p>Rapid increase in incidence or geographic range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Standard Precautions?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is classified under Asepsis?

    <p>Disinfecting surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for handling contaminated linens?

    <p>Fold edges toward the middle without flapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a bacteriocidal agent?

    <p>Bleach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with used needles and syringes?

    <p>Dispose of in a SHARPS container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reverse Isolation is primarily used for which group of patients?

    <p>Patients who are highly susceptible to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to properly clean blood spills in a hospital setting?

    <p>Use a bleach solution or hospital-grade disinfectant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a bacteriostatic agent?

    <p>It stops the growth of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of patient skin preparation for invasive procedures?

    <p>To minimize the introduction of pathogens into the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should antiseptic solution be applied to the skin?

    <p>Creating a circle around the puncture site, wiping inside to out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sterile field?

    <p>A microorganism-free area prepared for sterile supplies and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is part of adding liquids to a sterile field?

    <p>Cleansing the lip of the container by pouring or squirting into a waste container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates aseptic technique from antiseptic technique?

    <p>Aseptic technique is the absence of microorganisms, while antiseptic discourages growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in performing a dressing change?

    <p>Wash hands, ensure patient privacy, and obtain consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about sterile technique is true?

    <p>Sterile fields must be maintained within sight at all times during procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with sharps after a procedure?

    <p>They must be discarded in a sharps disposal container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infection Control Concepts

    • Infection control is crucial for patient safety and staff well-being.
    • Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
    • Pathogens can multiply rapidly and cause damage through exotoxins.
    • Normal flora in the body are usually harmless.

    Types of Pathogens

    • Bacteria:
      • Classified by shape (cocci, bacilli, spirilla).
      • Can mutate and be treated with antibiotics.
      • Common infections include strep throat, tuberculosis, flesh-eating bacteria and food poisoning.
    • Viruses:
      • Rely on host cells for survival and reproduction.
      • Have a protein coat surrounding their genetic material (DNA or RNA).
      • Can mutate rapidly, limiting antiviral drug effectiveness.
      • Examples include the common cold, flu, and chickenpox.
    • Fungi:
      • Can have two forms (yeast and mold).
      • Can cause various infections, especially in circulatory and lymphatic systems.
      • Common fungal infections include athlete's foot and ringworm.
    • Protozoa (parasites):
      • Classified by motility (amoeboid, flagella, cilia, sporozoans).
      • Common types in the GI tract include worms (helminths).
    • Prions:
      • Least understood pathogens.
      • Linked to diseases like mad cow disease.

    Bacteria Morphology

    • Classified by their shape: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), or spiral (spirilla).

    Chain of Infection

    • Microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite)
    • Reservoir (human, animal, inanimate objects, water)
    • Exit Portal (secretions, excretions, wounds)
    • Mode of Transmission (contact, droplet, airborne, vector, fomites)
    • Entry Portal (mucous membranes/wounds)
    • Susceptible Host (young, elderly, immunocompromised)

    Modes of Transmission

    • Direct (touch, droplet)
    • Indirect (fomites, vectors, airborne)
    • Airborne transmission occurs when microbes remain suspended in the air or carried on dust particles.
    • Droplet transmission occurs via droplets expelled from an infected person through actions like coughing or sneezing.
    • Contact transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects or surfaces.

    Infection Control Methods

    • Standard Precautions: Assumes all patients may be infected and are designed to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Use gloves, gowns, masks and other personal protective equipment.
    • Protective Barriers: Wearing gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection to mitigate the infection risk from contacting bodily fluids, tissues, or contaminated materials.
    • Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Chemical agents used to destroy or inhibit pathogens.
    • Housekeeping: Includes proper cleaning protocols and using disinfectants or bleach solutions to decontaminate surfaces.

    Nosocomial Infections

    • Hospital-acquired infections.
    • Iatrogenic infections (physician-caused).
    • Idiopathic infections (unknown causes).
    • Factors contributing to nosocomial infections include age, heredity, and nutritional status.
    • Common infection sites include urinary tract and surgical wounds.

    Bloodborne Pathogens

    • HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV) are the most common.
    • Healthcare workers must take proper precautions to prevent accidental needle sticks.

    Asepsis

    • Medical asepsis reduces the number of infectious agents, while surgical asepsis eliminates them to prevent contamination and infections.
    • Surgical scrubbing/handwashing is vital in reducing potential pathogens on hands and forearms

    Patient Prep and Sterile Field

    • Proper skin preparation minimizes the introduction of pathogens.
    • A sterile field is a microorganism-free area for surgical procedures.

    Vital Signs

    • Temperature: Measures the body's core temperature.
    • Pulse: Measures the heart rate.
    • Respiration: Measures the breathing rate.
    • Blood Pressure: Measures the pressure of blood against artery walls, providing information on blood circulation.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on blood pressure readings and respiratory conditions with this quiz. It covers essential concepts such as systolic and diastolic measurements, pulse oximetry, and the implications of hypertension. Perfect for students and health professionals alike!

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