Blood Pressure and Respiratory Health Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical range for systolic blood pressure?

  • 95-119 mmHg (correct)
  • 120-139 mmHg
  • 140-160 mmHg
  • 60-79 mmHg

Which condition is characterized by a reading below 95% on a pulse oximeter?

  • Hypotension
  • Hypertension
  • Inadequate oxygen perfusion (correct)
  • Tachypnea

What does a diastolic blood pressure reading of 80 mmHg indicate?

  • Shock
  • Hypotension
  • Normal
  • Hypertension (correct)

What term describes fast breathing, defined as greater than 20 breaths/min?

<p>Tachypnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical consequence of untreated hypertension?

<p>Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

<p>They specifically kill bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be caused by fungi?

<p>Athlete's Foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a person who carries an infection but displays no symptoms?

<p>Carrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protozoa are characterized by having a flagella?

<p>Flagellates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the chain of infection?

<p>Means of Resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a site where infectious organisms remain alive and multiply?

<p>Reservoir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission involves inhaling droplets evaporated from an infected person's sneeze?

<p>Airborne Transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common form of fungal infection?

<p>Ringworm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal oral temperature for an adult?

<p>98.6F (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would likely cause audible breathing?

<p>Hyperventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?

<p>60-90 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect body temperature?

<p>Hair color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pulse point is considered the best for measuring pulse?

<p>Radial artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bradypnea indicate?

<p>Slow breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reliable method for measuring core body temperature?

<p>Rectal thermometer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is losing blood, what change in vital signs would you expect?

<p>Low blood pressure and rapid pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of diseases includes old diseases that are recurring due to mutations?

<p>Resurgent diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of nosocomial infection?

<p>Urinary tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a condition that can increase the risk of nosocomial infections?

<p>Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of Hepatitis B on the body?

<p>Liver dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is known for providing the most complete information about infectious disease in the U.S.?

<p>CDC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nosocomial infection is specifically caused by a physician?

<p>Iatrogenic infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mask should healthcare workers use when treating patients with tuberculosis?

<p>N-95 respirator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of emerging diseases?

<p>Rapid increase in incidence or geographic range (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Standard Precautions?

<p>To reduce the risk of transmission of infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is classified under Asepsis?

<p>Disinfecting surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for handling contaminated linens?

<p>Fold edges toward the middle without flapping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bacteriocidal agent?

<p>Bleach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with used needles and syringes?

<p>Dispose of in a SHARPS container (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reverse Isolation is primarily used for which group of patients?

<p>Patients who are highly susceptible to infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to properly clean blood spills in a hospital setting?

<p>Use a bleach solution or hospital-grade disinfectant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a bacteriostatic agent?

<p>It stops the growth of bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of patient skin preparation for invasive procedures?

<p>To minimize the introduction of pathogens into the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should antiseptic solution be applied to the skin?

<p>Creating a circle around the puncture site, wiping inside to out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sterile field?

<p>A microorganism-free area prepared for sterile supplies and equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is part of adding liquids to a sterile field?

<p>Cleansing the lip of the container by pouring or squirting into a waste container (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates aseptic technique from antiseptic technique?

<p>Aseptic technique is the absence of microorganisms, while antiseptic discourages growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in performing a dressing change?

<p>Wash hands, ensure patient privacy, and obtain consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sterile technique is true?

<p>Sterile fields must be maintained within sight at all times during procedures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with sharps after a procedure?

<p>They must be discarded in a sharps disposal container. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Antibiotic Resistance

Bacteria evolve to become less affected by antibiotics due to overuse or misuse.

Fungal Infections

Conditions caused by fungi, often affecting skin, hair, and nails. Can be serious in the circulatory or lymphatic systems.

Protozoa

Microscopic single-celled organisms, some of which are parasites. They can be classified by their movement methods.

Chain of Infection

The six steps required for an infection to spread: infectious agent, reservoir, exit portal, transmission, entry portal, susceptible host.

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Infectious Agent

A microorganism that causes a disease. Examples: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa.

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Reservoir

The environment where an infectious agent lives and multiplies. Examples: people, animals, inanimate objects.

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Carrier

A person who is infected but does not show any symptoms. They can still spread the infection.

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Mode of Transmission

How an infectious agent spreads from one person or place to another. Direct (touch, droplet) or indirect (fomites, vectors, airborne).

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Emerging Diseases

Diseases that are newly recognized or existing diseases rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.

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Resurgent Diseases

Old diseases that are recurring due to mutations, often with increased resistance to treatments.

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Nosocomial Infection

An infection acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or nursing home.

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Iatrogenic Infection

An infection caused by medical treatment or procedures.

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Idiopathic Infection

An infection with an unknown cause.

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Blood-borne Pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms that are transmitted through contact with infected blood.

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HIV/AIDS

A chronic, potentially fatal disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that severely weakens the immune system.

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Tuberculosis

A chronic, infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. It commonly affects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body.

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Standard Precautions

A set of infection control practices protecting healthcare workers and patients from infections, assuming ALL patients are potentially infectious.

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Asepsis

The absence of disease-producing microorganisms, meaning 'free from infection'.

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Surgical Asepsis

Eliminates all pathogens using sterilization techniques, crucial for surgical procedures.

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Medical Asepsis

Reduces the number of infectious agents through disinfecting practices.

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Disinfectant

A chemical agent used to destroy pathogens on surfaces to prevent infection.

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Protective Barriers

Physical barriers like gloves, gowns, masks, and eyewear to protect healthcare workers from infection.

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Protective Precautions

Measures taken to protect a vulnerable patient from infection, such as wearing masks and gloves or isolating them from the general population.

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Isolation Patients

Patients with contagious conditions requiring special precautions to prevent spreading infection.

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Sterile Field

A designated area free of microorganisms prepared for the use of sterile supplies and equipment.

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Sterile Technique

Practices used to prevent contamination of a sterile field and surgical instruments.

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Aseptic vs. Antiseptic

Aseptic refers to the absence of microorganisms, while antiseptic discourages their growth.

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Skin Prep: Betadine

A common antiseptic solution applied to the skin to minimize infection risk before invasive procedures.

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Sterile Tray Opening

A specific order of opening sterile trays to maintain sterility: 1st flap away, side flaps, then the last towards you.

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Adding Liquids to Sterile Field

Sterile liquids must be added carefully, cleaning the lip of the bottle and pouring into sterilized receptacles.

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Sharps and Reusables

After procedures, sharps are discarded immediately and reusable instruments undergo thorough cleaning.

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Non-Aseptic Techniques

Procedures that do not involve breaking the skin, such as NG tube insertion or enema administration.

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What is tachypnea?

Fast breathing. Greater than 20 breaths per minute.

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Systolic Blood Pressure

The top number in a blood pressure reading. It measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats.

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Diastolic Blood Pressure

The bottom number in a blood pressure reading. Measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart is at rest between beats.

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Hypertension

Abnormally high blood pressure, often a silent condition.

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Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure. Can lead to shock.

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Normal Breathing

Quiet and calm breathing, indicating no respiratory distress.

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Respiratory Distress

Difficult breathing, often accompanied by wheezing, gasping, or coughing.

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Temperature

The balance between heat produced by the body and heat lost to the environment.

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Oral Temperature

Taken under the tongue, with a normal reading of 98.6F (37C).

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Axillary Temperature

Taken under the armpit, with a normal reading of 97.6F.

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Pulse

Measures heart rate or the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm).

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Normal Adult Pulse Rate

Ranges from 60 to 90 beats per minute.

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Respiration Rate

The number of breaths taken per minute.

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Study Notes

Infection Control Concepts

  • Infection control is crucial for patient safety and staff well-being.
  • Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
  • Pathogens can multiply rapidly and cause damage through exotoxins.
  • Normal flora in the body are usually harmless.

Types of Pathogens

  • Bacteria:
    • Classified by shape (cocci, bacilli, spirilla).
    • Can mutate and be treated with antibiotics.
    • Common infections include strep throat, tuberculosis, flesh-eating bacteria and food poisoning.
  • Viruses:
    • Rely on host cells for survival and reproduction.
    • Have a protein coat surrounding their genetic material (DNA or RNA).
    • Can mutate rapidly, limiting antiviral drug effectiveness.
    • Examples include the common cold, flu, and chickenpox.
  • Fungi:
    • Can have two forms (yeast and mold).
    • Can cause various infections, especially in circulatory and lymphatic systems.
    • Common fungal infections include athlete's foot and ringworm.
  • Protozoa (parasites):
    • Classified by motility (amoeboid, flagella, cilia, sporozoans).
    • Common types in the GI tract include worms (helminths).
  • Prions:
    • Least understood pathogens.
    • Linked to diseases like mad cow disease.

Bacteria Morphology

  • Classified by their shape: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), or spiral (spirilla).

Chain of Infection

  • Microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite)
  • Reservoir (human, animal, inanimate objects, water)
  • Exit Portal (secretions, excretions, wounds)
  • Mode of Transmission (contact, droplet, airborne, vector, fomites)
  • Entry Portal (mucous membranes/wounds)
  • Susceptible Host (young, elderly, immunocompromised)

Modes of Transmission

  • Direct (touch, droplet)
  • Indirect (fomites, vectors, airborne)
  • Airborne transmission occurs when microbes remain suspended in the air or carried on dust particles.
  • Droplet transmission occurs via droplets expelled from an infected person through actions like coughing or sneezing.
  • Contact transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects or surfaces.

Infection Control Methods

  • Standard Precautions: Assumes all patients may be infected and are designed to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Use gloves, gowns, masks and other personal protective equipment.
  • Protective Barriers: Wearing gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection to mitigate the infection risk from contacting bodily fluids, tissues, or contaminated materials.
  • Disinfectants and Antiseptics: Chemical agents used to destroy or inhibit pathogens.
  • Housekeeping: Includes proper cleaning protocols and using disinfectants or bleach solutions to decontaminate surfaces.

Nosocomial Infections

  • Hospital-acquired infections.
  • Iatrogenic infections (physician-caused).
  • Idiopathic infections (unknown causes).
  • Factors contributing to nosocomial infections include age, heredity, and nutritional status.
  • Common infection sites include urinary tract and surgical wounds.

Bloodborne Pathogens

  • HIV and Hepatitis B (HBV) are the most common.
  • Healthcare workers must take proper precautions to prevent accidental needle sticks.

Asepsis

  • Medical asepsis reduces the number of infectious agents, while surgical asepsis eliminates them to prevent contamination and infections.
  • Surgical scrubbing/handwashing is vital in reducing potential pathogens on hands and forearms

Patient Prep and Sterile Field

  • Proper skin preparation minimizes the introduction of pathogens.
  • A sterile field is a microorganism-free area for surgical procedures.

Vital Signs

  • Temperature: Measures the body's core temperature.
  • Pulse: Measures the heart rate.
  • Respiration: Measures the breathing rate.
  • Blood Pressure: Measures the pressure of blood against artery walls, providing information on blood circulation.

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RT101 Module B Infection Control PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on blood pressure readings and respiratory conditions with this quiz. It covers essential concepts such as systolic and diastolic measurements, pulse oximetry, and the implications of hypertension. Perfect for students and health professionals alike!

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