Blood Pressure and Its Control

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Which of the following best describes vascular resistance?

The force that determines blood volume distribution
The force that aids blood flow through the circulation
The force that impedes blood flow through the circulation (correct)
The force that regulates blood pressure

What are the learning outcomes related to hypertension described in the text?

Describe the changes in pressure and the distribution of blood volume in different parts of the circulation
Describe the effects of local and external factors on arterioles and tissue fluid formation (correct)
Describe the role of reflexes of the heart in the control of blood pressure
Describe the effects of changes in posture on arterial blood pressure

What do baroreceptors regulate?

Resistance to flow
Blood volume
Arterial blood pressure (correct)
Tissue fluid formation

Which factors affect arterioles and tissue fluid formation?

Local and external factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of blood vessels in controlling arterial blood pressure?

To regulate blood volume distribution (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in posture affect arterial blood pressure?

They increase arterial blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that impedes blood flow through the circulation?

Vascular resistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reflexes of the heart in the control of blood pressure?

To regulate heart rate and cardiac output (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do changes in pressure and blood volume affect in the circulation?

Blood flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of baroreceptors in regulating blood pressure?

To detect changes in arterial blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between vascular resistance (R), blood flow (Q), blood viscosity (η), vessel length (L), and vessel diameter (r)?

$R = \frac{8ηL},{r^4}$ (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood vessels is true?

Veins are compliant vessels. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between blood flow (Q), velocity of blood flow (V), and cross-sectional area (A)?

$V = \frac{Q},{A}$ (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood flow and resistance is true?

Blood flow depends on the pressure difference and vascular resistance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the control of arterioles diameter is true?

Vascular resistance depends mainly on the radius of the blood vessel. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can cause vasodilation of arterioles?

Local production of CO2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tissue fluid formation is true?

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure causes reabsorption. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether filtration or reabsorption of fluid should happen in capillaries?

The pressures (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood pressure is true?

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulatory strategies is responsible for short-term control of blood pressure?

Baroreceptor reflex (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly represents Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

MAP = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the resistance (R) of a blood vessel?

R = 8ηL/r^4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mean arterial pressure when there is an increase in total peripheral resistance?

Mean arterial pressure increases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does compliance of a blood vessel describe?

The ease of stretching a vessel wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factors decrease the compliance of blood vessels?

Sympathetic stimulation, vasoconstrictors, and aging (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do baroreceptors respond to?

The stretching of vessel walls produced by the increase in arterial blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors detect blood volume instead of blood pressure?

Low-pressure baroreceptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in blood volume in the vena cava?

Increase heart rate, increase cardiac output, increase renal perfusion, increase Na+ and water excretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in blood volume returning to the atria?

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasodilation, decrease TPR, increase renal perfusion, increase Na+ and water excretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sympathetic activity and arterial blood pressure in the baroreceptor reflex?

Sympathetic activity is inhibited and arterial blood pressure decreases (D) Signup and view all the answers