30 Questions
Which of the following best describes vascular resistance?
The force that impedes blood flow through the circulation
What are the learning outcomes related to hypertension described in the text?
Describe the effects of local and external factors on arterioles and tissue fluid formation
What do baroreceptors regulate?
Arterial blood pressure
Which factors affect arterioles and tissue fluid formation?
Local and external factors
What is the role of blood vessels in controlling arterial blood pressure?
To regulate blood volume distribution
How do changes in posture affect arterial blood pressure?
They increase arterial blood pressure
What is the force that impedes blood flow through the circulation?
Vascular resistance
What is the role of reflexes of the heart in the control of blood pressure?
To regulate heart rate and cardiac output
What do changes in pressure and blood volume affect in the circulation?
Blood flow
What is the role of baroreceptors in regulating blood pressure?
To detect changes in arterial blood pressure
Which of the following equations represents the relationship between vascular resistance (R), blood flow (Q), blood viscosity (η), vessel length (L), and vessel diameter (r)?
$R = \frac{8ηL},{r^4}$
Which of the following statements about blood vessels is true?
Veins are compliant vessels.
Which of the following equations represents the relationship between blood flow (Q), velocity of blood flow (V), and cross-sectional area (A)?
$V = \frac{Q},{A}$
Which of the following statements about blood flow and resistance is true?
Blood flow depends on the pressure difference and vascular resistance.
Which of the following statements about the control of arterioles diameter is true?
Vascular resistance depends mainly on the radius of the blood vessel.
Which of the following factors can cause vasodilation of arterioles?
Local production of CO2
Which of the following statements about tissue fluid formation is true?
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure causes reabsorption.
What determines whether filtration or reabsorption of fluid should happen in capillaries?
The pressures
Which of the following statements about blood pressure is true?
Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Which of the following regulatory strategies is responsible for short-term control of blood pressure?
Baroreceptor reflex
Which equation correctly represents Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
MAP = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
Which equation represents the resistance (R) of a blood vessel?
R = 8ηL/r^4
What happens to mean arterial pressure when there is an increase in total peripheral resistance?
Mean arterial pressure increases
What does compliance of a blood vessel describe?
The ease of stretching a vessel wall
Which factors decrease the compliance of blood vessels?
Sympathetic stimulation, vasoconstrictors, and aging
What do baroreceptors respond to?
The stretching of vessel walls produced by the increase in arterial blood pressure
Which receptors detect blood volume instead of blood pressure?
Low-pressure baroreceptors
What is the effect of an increase in blood volume in the vena cava?
Increase heart rate, increase cardiac output, increase renal perfusion, increase Na+ and water excretion
What is the effect of an increase in blood volume returning to the atria?
Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasodilation, decrease TPR, increase renal perfusion, increase Na+ and water excretion
What happens to sympathetic activity and arterial blood pressure in the baroreceptor reflex?
Sympathetic activity is inhibited and arterial blood pressure decreases
Test your knowledge on blood pressure and its control with this student handout. Learn about the resistance to flow, changes in pressure, and distribution of blood volume in different parts of the circulation. Understand the mechanisms that control blood pressure and the effects of local and external factors.
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