Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the result of individuals having two copies of the O allele?
What is the result of individuals having two copies of the O allele?
- They produce only antigen B
- They lack both A and B antigens (correct)
- They produce both antigen A and antigen B
- They produce only antigen A
The O allele arises from a mutation in the ABO gene where what occurs?
The O allele arises from a mutation in the ABO gene where what occurs?
- Multiple DNA nucleotides are added
- Several genes are duplicated
- A chromosome disappears
- A single DNA nucleotide is missing (correct)
What is the outcome of the mutation in the O allele regarding enzyme function?
What is the outcome of the mutation in the O allele regarding enzyme function?
- The enzyme becomes more effective
- The enzyme loses its ability to add the final sugar modification (correct)
- The enzyme gains the ability to produce new antigens
- The enzyme's function is unchanged
Which blood type expresses both antigen A and antigen B?
Which blood type expresses both antigen A and antigen B?
What kind of sugar modification is present with type A blood?
What kind of sugar modification is present with type A blood?
What kind of sugar modification is present with type B?
What kind of sugar modification is present with type B?
What antibodies are present with type A blood?
What antibodies are present with type A blood?
What blood types are compatible in an emergency for type A blood?
What blood types are compatible in an emergency for type A blood?
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
Flashcards
Blood Type A
Blood Type A
Has an allele encoding an enzyme that adds a specific sugar modification, forming antigen A.
Blood type B
Blood type B
Has a slightly different allele and enzyme, adding a different sugar modification to form antigen B.
Blood Type AB
Blood Type AB
Expresses both antigen A and antigen B, demonstrating codominance.
Blood Type O
Blood Type O
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Type O allele (OO)
Type O allele (OO)
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Anti-B antibodies
Anti-B antibodies
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Anti-A antibodies
Anti-A antibodies
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Anti-A and Anti-B
Anti-A and Anti-B
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No antigens
No antigens
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Universal Donor
Universal Donor
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Study Notes
- Different blood group variations exist due to different dominance relationships
Type A
- Has an allele encoding an enzyme
- The enzyme adds a sugar modification to form antigen A
Type B
- Has a slightly different allele and enzyme than type A
- The enzyme adds a different sugar modification to form antigen B
Type AB
- Expresses both antigen A and antigen B
- Demonstrates codominance
Type O
- The O allele arises from a mutation in the ABO gene
- A single DNA nucleotide is missing, resulting in a frameshift mutation or small deletion
- This mutation alters the enzyme, causing it to lose its ability to add the final sugar modification needed for antigen A or antigen B production
- Individuals with two copies of the O allele (OO genotype) have red blood cells that lack both A and B antigens
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