Blood Functions and Composition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of skeletal muscle contraction in the cardiovascular system?

  • It compresses cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels. (correct)
  • It decreases the rate of lymph return to the veins.
  • It directly pumps blood into the heart.
  • It inhibits blood flow in the arteries.

    • Which is a function of red bone marrow?

  • It stores calcium ions for muscle function.
  • It filters blood and removes toxins.
  • It produces hormones for blood regulation.
  • It produces blood cells. (correct)

    • How do hormones relate to blood cell and bone health?

  • Hormones only influence blood circulation.
  • Hormones regulate both blood cell production and bone calcium release. (correct)
  • Hormones have no effect on blood cell production.
  • Hormones only regulate calcium absorption from the intestines.

    • What role do the kidneys play in maintaining blood homeostasis?

    <p>They regulate acid-base and water-salt balances in blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of calcium ions produced by bones?

    <p>They assist in blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if blood types are not compatible during a transfusion?

    <p>Agglutination of red blood cells may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about Rh positive blood groups concerning antibodies?

    <p>They are generally without anti-Rh antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a crossmatch performed before a blood transfusion?

    <p>To observe for agglutination between donor's blood and recipient's plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can Rh negative individuals develop anti-Rh antibodies?

    <p>When they are transfused with Rh positive blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood component is involved in defending the body against pathogens?

    <p>Phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of agglutination of red blood cells?

    <p>The agglutinated cells are destroyed and cleaned from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH level that blood buffers regulate to maintain?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for producing all blood cell types in the body?

    <p>Stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of more red blood cells (RBCs)?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells do platelets fragment from?

    <p>Megakaryocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do albumins contribute to blood function?

    <p>By regulating osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of platelets?

    <p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does blood use to help regulate body temperature when it rises?

    <p>Vasodilation of vessels in the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of blood plasma is primarily responsible for transporting hormones?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the cascade of enzymatic reactions for blood clotting?

    <p>Prothrombin activator release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of clotting factors in blood?

    <p>To prevent fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the formation of a blood clot, what do platelets first do?

    <p>Congregate at the broken vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the blood vessel responds to a puncture by constricting?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the chemicals secreted by platelets during clot formation?

    <p>Attract more platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about platelets is incorrect?

    <p>They are considered true cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymphatic vessels in the body?

    <p>Return lymph to the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for delivering oxygen from the lungs to the body?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cardiovascular system remove metabolic wastes?

    <p>By sending waste to excretory organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do cardiac muscle contractions serve in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Pumping blood through arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does smooth muscle contraction have on blood vessels?

    <p>Changes vessel diameter to maintain blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lymphatic vessels return excess interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of the cardiovascular system in relation to the digestive system?

    <p>It delivers nutrients from the digestive system to other body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is essential for understanding the function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It uses both cardiac and smooth muscle to facilitate blood movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prothrombin activator in the blood clotting process?

    <p>It converts prothrombin into thrombin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of thrombin?

    <p>It severs two amino acid chains from fibrinogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of blood clot formation?

    <p>To facilitate blood vessel repair and prevent blood loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the clot after tissue repair is underway?

    <p>It is digested by plasmin to dissolve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fibroblasts play in the context of wound healing?

    <p>They assist in repairing damaged blood vessels and tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final outcome of fibrin threads during wound healing?

    <p>They trap red blood cells and form a solid gel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is classified as a product of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between homeostasis and the cardiovascular system?

    <p>The cardiovascular system interacts with various body systems to maintain homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Functions

    • Transports oxygen, nutrients, waste products, carbon dioxide, and hormones
    • Defends against pathogens through phagocytes and antibodies that bind to pathogens
    • Regulates body temperature by transporting heat to the skin and dissipating it
    • Maintains osmotic pressure and pH balance with proteins and buffers

    Composition of Blood

    • Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of formed elements (cells and cell fragments) suspended in plasma
    • Formed elements include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)
    • Plasma is mostly water (over 90%), with proteins, electrolytes, and dissolved gases comprising the remaining portion

    Formed Elements

    • Formed elements are produced in the red bone marrow, from stem cells, which divide and differentiate into all blood cell types
    • Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide
    • White blood cells (leukocytes) are involved in the immune response
    • Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments involved in blood clotting

    Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

    • Structure: Biconcave disks with a large surface area for gas diffusion, small size for movement through capillaries, lack of organelles for increased space for hemoglobin.
    • Function: Transport oxygen to tissues via hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and forms oxyhemoglobin, and some carbon dioxide
    • Hemoglobin: Red pigment responsible for binding to oxygen and enabling oxygen transport. Each hemoglobin molecule has four subunits, each with an iron-containing heme group.
    • Life Span: Red blood cells have a short lifespan of about 120 days because they lack a nucleus for protein repair, and are broken down in the liver and spleen.
    • Destruction: Old or damaged red blood cells are phagocytosed by macrophages in the liver and spleen, and hemoglobin is broken down into globin (recycled) and heme. Iron is recycled, and heme is converted into bilirubin that is excreted by the liver.

    Platelets (Thrombocytes)

    • Formation: Fragments of large cells (megakaryocytes) in the red bone marrow, not true cells.
    • Function: Essential for blood clotting (coagulation). They release chemicals, initiate a cascade reaction, and initiate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, which activates fibrinogen to create fibrin threads that help clot the blood.
    • Role in clotting: Platelets congregate at a wound, form a plug, and release chemicals attracting more platelets. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin, causing fibrinogen to convert into fibrin, trapping red blood cells.

    Blood Plasma Proteins

    • The liver produces plasma proteins, including albumins (contributing to osmotic pressure), globulins (transporting substances, and including antibodies), and fibrinogen (involved in blood clotting).

    Blood Types

    • Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cell membranes
    • Three primary types of antigens: A, B, and Rh. (The Rh antigen is a protein, not a chemical)
    • Blood transfusions require compatibility between donor and recipient blood types to prevent agglutination (clumping of red blood cells). Antibodies produced in response to foreign antigens can destroy incompatible red blood cells.
    • Type O is the universal donor, while AB is the universal recipient blood type

    Homeostasis and Body Interactions:

    • Blood interacts with other bodily systems, including the lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, and muscular systems to maintain homeostasis. For example, blood interacts with the lymphatic system by absorbing interstitial fluid through lymphatic vessels, carrying nutrients and oxygen via blood transport to other parts of the body, removing waste products delivered to the excretory system, and by supplying blood to the muscles as they contract and relax.

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    Related Documents

    Anatomy Week 5 Notes - Blood PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various functions of blood, its composition, and the formed elements involved in the circulatory system. This quiz covers key topics such as the role of blood cells and the importance of plasma in maintaining body functions.

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