Exam preparation

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What is the blood flow through the heart?

Right atrium - Right ventricle - Pulmonary arteries (unoxygenated blood) - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - Aorta ( oxygenated blood)

What valves in the heart prevent backflow?

Tricuspid valve(R) and the Mitral Valve (L) .

What makes up the blood?

Plasma, Red blood cells, Platelets, White blood cells.

What do Neutrophils do?

Kill bacteria, fungi and foreign debris. Signup and view all the answers

What do Monocytes do?

Clean up damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What do Eosinophils do?

Kill parasites, cancer cells and they are involved in allergic response Signup and view all the answers

What do Lymphocytes do?

They help to fight viruses and they make antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What do Basophils do?

They are involved in allergic response. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Axon? ( nerve cell)

It is a single nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body, it’s insulated by a fatty sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What are Dendrites?

They are branched nerve fibres that receive nerve impulses and pass them towards a cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

The fight or flight mode. Signup and view all the answers

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Rest and Digest Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the renal system?

Kidneys, Ureters, bladder, Sphincter and urethra. Signup and view all the answers

What do the kidneys do?

Filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. Signup and view all the answers

What does the filtration membrane do?

It keeps blood cells and large proteins in the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted from the kidneys?

Urine. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Oesophagus pass through?

The Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What’s the function of the stomach?

Churning food and secretion of hydrochloric acid. Signup and view all the answers

What’s the main function of the small bowel/small intestine?

Complete digestion of food and absorb nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What helps absorption in the small intestine?

Villi- increases the surface area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone and Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

Where is sperm produced?

In the testes. Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilisation happen?

In the fallopian tube. Signup and view all the answers

What does fertilisation create?

A zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is organogenesis?

Formation of the organs in an embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate of a preterm 22-23 weeks premature?

5-10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate of a premature baby that is 24-26 weeks?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate of a premature baby of 27-31 weeks?

89% Signup and view all the answers

What do fats do?

Source of energy, help build the membrane around cells, source of fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What vitamins do fats help to absorb?

Vitamin A, Vitamin D and Vitamin E. Signup and view all the answers

What is a threat to health of a foetus?

Maternal diet, Maternal health, Maternal lifestyle, Infections. Signup and view all the answers

When does female fertility start to drop?

In 30s Signup and view all the answers

What is primary aging?

Grey hair, wrinkles, going bald. Signup and view all the answers

What impacts secondary aging

Lifestyle choices we make in early and middle adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

What is Osteoporosis and what does it increase the risk of?

Loss of bone density and it significantly increases the risk of fractures. Signup and view all the answers

How much sleep do adults need?

7-9 hours Signup and view all the answers

What age group needs the most sleep?

Babies Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of sleep where dreaming occurs?

REM ( stage 5) Signup and view all the answers

What affects melatonin?

Light exposure, especially blue light from screens. Signup and view all the answers

What can no sleep cause?

Chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is considered chronic pain?

Long term, more than 12 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is referred pain?

Pain that is felt in a different location from where it is actually from. Signup and view all the answers

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients that we need more of to provide us with energy. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals. Generally get these with macronutrients Signup and view all the answers

What do dairy products contain a lot of? And who is this important for?

B12 , vegetarians Signup and view all the answers

What fraction does eat well say half of our plate should be green?

1/3 of our plate Signup and view all the answers

How many glasses of water does eat well say we should have per day?

6-8 glasses Signup and view all the answers

How long does the WHO recommend to breast feed for?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is diet fortification?

Full fat or sugar products, adding extra butter, cream or full fat milk. Adding sugars or preservatives Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an overweight BMI?

25-29.9 Signup and view all the answers

On the BMI scale once you hit …. You are obese

30 Signup and view all the answers