Blood Composition and Functions Quiz

Fluids outside of cells, including blood, interstitial fluid, and lymph.

Blood is composed of blood plasma (liquid matrix) and formed elements (cells).

The liquid portion of blood, primarily water with dissolved substances like proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and hormones.

The cellular components of blood, including red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).

Cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Cells that fight infection and disease.

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Blood carries nutrients, oxygen, hormones, heat, and waste products throughout the body.

Blood regulates pH, body temperature, and osmotic pressure.

Blood protects against blood loss and invasion/disease.

A protein in blood plasma that helps maintain osmotic pressure.

Proteins in blood plasma that include antibodies and transport proteins for various substances.

A protein in blood plasma that plays a role in blood clotting.

The percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

A hematocrit value below the normal range (typically < 40).

A hematocrit value above the normal range (typically > 65).

The process of blood cell formation.

The tissue in bones where blood cells are formed.

Stem cells that can differentiate into many different types of cells.

A type of stem cell that produces various blood cells.

A lineage of stem cells that produce lymphocytes.

A hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

A hormone that stimulates platelet production.

Red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The shape of red blood cells, providing a large surface area for gas exchange.

Lacking a nucleus.

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

An enzyme involved in CO2 transport.

Gas that acts as a hormone, affecting blood vessel diameter.

Widening of Blood vessels.

The lifespan and destruction of red blood cells, approximately 120 days.

Immune cells that destroy worn-out or damaged cells.

Low oxygen levels in the body.

The process of red blood cell production

White blood cells that function in the immune system.

White blood cells containing granules, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Phagocytic white blood cells that fight infection.

Blood clotting initiated by damage within blood vessels.

Blood clotting triggered by external substances entering blood.

The shared final steps in blood clotting, regardless of activation method.

Tight control over blood clotting is vital for preventing thrombosis and hemorrhage.

Formation of harmful blood clots in blood vessels.

A blood clot moving through the circulatory system that can obstruct blood flow.

Blood groups determined by glycolipid antigens on red blood cells.

Antibodies that cause clumping of red blood cells.

Clumping of red blood cells.

Fetal red blood cell destruction due to maternal antibodies.

Protein antigen on red blood cells, determining Rh positive or negative status.

A condition with insufficient healthy red blood cells reducing oxygen carrying capacity.

Genetic disorder causing misshapen red blood cells.

Gene variants that differ by mutation.

Inherited blood disorder with insufficient clotting factors.

Overproduction of red blood cells, causing thickened blood.

Granules in cells that do not retain acidic or basic dyes.

White blood cells with a multi-lobed nucleus.

White blood cells that defend against parasites, through phagocytosis.

Dyes that attract negatively charged molecules.

White blood cells involved in inflammation and allergies.

Dyes that attract positively charged molecules.

White blood cells that lack granules (small particles).

Agranular leukocytes that function in the immune response.

Stem cells that give rise to monocytes (and other related cells).

Stem cells that give rise to lymphocytes.

White blood cells that differentiate into macrophages or osteoclasts.

Phagocytic cells that clean up cellular debris.

White blood cells that are fast responders to bacterial infections.

An enzyme that disrupts bacterial cell membranes.

Antimicrobial peptides that disrupt bacterial membranes.

Infections caused by parasites.

An enzyme that breaks down histamine.

Process of communicating between cells, via chemical signals.

Body's response to tissue damage or infection.

Exaggerated immune response that can harm the body.

An anticoagulant, preventing blood clotting.

Substance that increases blood vessel permeability.

A chemical signal that has role in blood clotting

Network of vessels and organs involved in immune responses.

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies.

Lymphocytes that directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

Specialized macrophages that migrate through the tissues.

Dead or damaged cells and their components.

5 step response to tissue damage and infection

Movement of cells from one tissue to another.

Process where cells adhere to and detach from vessel walls.

Movement of cells toward a chemical signal.

Process to stop bleeding

Excessive bleeding.

Narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow.

Formation of a temporary plug to stop bleeding at site of injury

Platelets attach to sites of injury.

Platelets become more responsive.

Platelets clump together.

Formation of insoluble protein fibers that reinforce plug.

Process whereby blood clots are formed.

Proteins required for blood clotting.

Essential ions for blood clotting.

Immature cell that matures into megakaryocytes.

Large cells that splinter into platelets during maturation.

Smooth muscle cells that have been harmed.