Blood Composition and Functions Quiz

Iron = Key to oxygen transport Vitamin B12 = Required for DNA synthesis Folates = Essential for red cell proliferation EPO = Stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia

Sickle Cell Disease = Abnormal hemoglobin structure Alpha Thalassemia = Deficiency in alpha globin chains Beta Thalassemia = Deficiency in beta globin chains Hemoglobin C Disease = Causes mild hemolytic anemia

Sickle Cell Disease = Autosomal recessive Hemophilia = X-linked recessive Beta Thalassemia = Autosomal codominant G6PD Deficiency = X-linked recessive

<p>EPO stimulation = Increases red blood cell production during hypoxia Iron availability = Essential for hemoglobin synthesis Vitamin B12 and Folate = Crucial for DNA synthesis in erythropoiesis Erythropoietin = Hormone produced by kidneys to regulate red cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased hemoglobin = Results in small, pale red cells Increased oxygen demand = Leads to impaired oxygen transport Decreased iron absorption = Can be caused by diet or health issues Iron loss from bleeding = Significantly reduces red cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cell lifespan = Approximately 120 days Erythropoiesis = Production of red blood cells in bone marrow Iron deficiency = Leads to reduced hemoglobin production Haemoglobinopathies = Genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HbF = Fetal hemoglobin made of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains Sickle cell disease = Results in abnormal hemoglobin structure HbA2 = Adult hemoglobin variant made of 2 alpha and 2 delta chains Thalassemia = Impairment in globin chain synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle cell disease = Autosomal recessive inheritance Thalassemia = Can be autosomal recessive or dominant Hemophilia = X-linked recessive inheritance Polycythemia vera = Acquired mutation, not inherited</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal regulation = Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production Nutritional factors = Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are essential Cellular environment = Bone marrow is the primary site of production Oxygen levels = Low oxygen levels stimulate erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High temperature = Decreases oxygen affinity of hemoglobin pCO2 levels = Higher in tissues, favors oxygen release 2,3-DPG = Stabilizes deoxygenated hemoglobin Local pH = Higher pH in lungs increases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced hemoglobin concentration = Results in microcytic anemia Poor oxygen transport = Affects overall oxygen delivery to tissues Increased fatigue = Due to decreased red blood cell function Compensatory mechanisms = Increased erythropoietin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron = Binds oxygen temporarily and reversibly Globin chains = Provide structural framework for hemoglobin Porphyrin ring = Holds the iron in place within hemoglobin Hemoglobin = Increases oxygen carrying capacity of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung alveoli = Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in high pH Body tissues = Oxygen is released in lower pH Blood circulation = Delivers oxygen to all body tissues Oxyhemoglobin = Formed when hemoglobin binds to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased breakdown = Can occur due to various factors Red cell membrane defects = May result in abnormal red cell shapes Enzyme production problems = Can lead to increased red cell destruction Haemoglobin variants = Associated with specific genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle cell = Involves abnormal beta globin chains G6PD deficiency = Most common enzyme deficiency globally Hereditary spherocytosis = A rare inherited disorder affecting red cells Thalassemia = Affects the production of alpha or beta globin chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autosomal recessive = Requires two copies of the mutated gene X-linked inheritance = Often seen in males due to only one X chromosome Mitochondrial inheritance = Passed exclusively from mother to offspring Polygenic inheritance = Involves multiple genes contributing to the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron supplementation = Addresses iron deficiency for RBC production Erythropoietin = Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow Blood transfusion = Provides immediate red cells in acute situations Transplant = Used for severe bone marrow failure disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced RBC production = Leads to anemia symptoms Impaired oxygen transport = Results in fatigue and weakness Increased erythropoietin levels = In response to low red blood cell count Altered immune function = Can lead to increased susceptibility to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative stress = Triggers acute breakdown in G6PD deficiency Immune-mediated haemolysis = Targets red cells for destruction by antibodies Inherited disorders = May require regular transfusions for management Environmental triggers = Can exacerbate certain hemolytic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shape change upon deoxygenation = Leads to sickling of red blood cells Increased red cell breakdown = Results in chronic anemia symptoms Complications from vaso-occlusive crises = Can cause severe pain episodes Higher fluid requirements = Helps to manage complications of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron replacement = Addresses specific nutritional deficiencies Gene therapy = Targets genetic causes of blood disorders Transfusion support = Provides quick relief in acute anemia Immune modulation = Aims to reduce autoimmune responses affecting red cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic hemolysis = Results from genetic defects in red cells Extrinsic hemolysis = Caused by outside factors like immune response Mechanical hemolysis = Occurs due to trauma to red cells Temperature-related hemolysis = Can occur in cases of severe cold or heat exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anemia = Low red blood cell count in the bloodstream Reticulocytosis = Increased number of immature red blood cells Hypoxia = Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues Hemoglobinopathy = Any disorder affecting hemoglobin structure or function</p> Signup and view all the answers