Blood Composition and Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following factors with their roles in red blood cell lifespan:

Iron = Key to oxygen transport Vitamin B12 = Required for DNA synthesis Folates = Essential for red cell proliferation EPO = Stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia

Match the following globin chain disorders with their characteristics:

Sickle Cell Disease = Abnormal hemoglobin structure Alpha Thalassemia = Deficiency in alpha globin chains Beta Thalassemia = Deficiency in beta globin chains Hemoglobin C Disease = Causes mild hemolytic anemia

Match the inheritance patterns with the blood disorders they are associated with:

Sickle Cell Disease = Autosomal recessive Hemophilia = X-linked recessive Beta Thalassemia = Autosomal codominant G6PD Deficiency = X-linked recessive

Match the following erythropoiesis mechanisms with their descriptions:

EPO stimulation = Increases red blood cell production during hypoxia Iron availability = Essential for hemoglobin synthesis Vitamin B12 and Folate = Crucial for DNA synthesis in erythropoiesis Erythropoietin = Hormone produced by kidneys to regulate red cell production Signup and view all the answers

Match the impacts of iron deficiency with their effects on red blood cells:

Decreased hemoglobin = Results in small, pale red cells Increased oxygen demand = Leads to impaired oxygen transport Decreased iron absorption = Can be caused by diet or health issues Iron loss from bleeding = Significantly reduces red cell production Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of red blood cells with their descriptions:

Red blood cell lifespan = Approximately 120 days Erythropoiesis = Production of red blood cells in bone marrow Iron deficiency = Leads to reduced hemoglobin production Haemoglobinopathies = Genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin structure Signup and view all the answers

Match the globin chain disorders to their characteristics:

HbF = Fetal hemoglobin made of 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains Sickle cell disease = Results in abnormal hemoglobin structure HbA2 = Adult hemoglobin variant made of 2 alpha and 2 delta chains Thalassemia = Impairment in globin chain synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood disorder inheritance patterns:

Sickle cell disease = Autosomal recessive inheritance Thalassemia = Can be autosomal recessive or dominant Hemophilia = X-linked recessive inheritance Polycythemia vera = Acquired mutation, not inherited Signup and view all the answers

Match the mechanisms involved in erythropoiesis:

Hormonal regulation = Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production Nutritional factors = Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid are essential Cellular environment = Bone marrow is the primary site of production Oxygen levels = Low oxygen levels stimulate erythropoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation:

High temperature = Decreases oxygen affinity of hemoglobin pCO2 levels = Higher in tissues, favors oxygen release 2,3-DPG = Stabilizes deoxygenated hemoglobin Local pH = Higher pH in lungs increases oxygen affinity Signup and view all the answers

Match the impacts of iron deficiency on red blood cells:

Reduced hemoglobin concentration = Results in microcytic anemia Poor oxygen transport = Affects overall oxygen delivery to tissues Increased fatigue = Due to decreased red blood cell function Compensatory mechanisms = Increased erythropoietin production Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of hemoglobin to their functions:

Iron = Binds oxygen temporarily and reversibly Globin chains = Provide structural framework for hemoglobin Porphyrin ring = Holds the iron in place within hemoglobin Hemoglobin = Increases oxygen carrying capacity of blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of oxygen transport by red blood cells:

Lung alveoli = Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in high pH Body tissues = Oxygen is released in lower pH Blood circulation = Delivers oxygen to all body tissues Oxyhemoglobin = Formed when hemoglobin binds to oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following red blood cell lifespan issues with their descriptions:

Increased breakdown = Can occur due to various factors Red cell membrane defects = May result in abnormal red cell shapes Enzyme production problems = Can lead to increased red cell destruction Haemoglobin variants = Associated with specific genetic mutations Signup and view all the answers

Match the following globin chain disorders with their characteristics:

Sickle cell = Involves abnormal beta globin chains G6PD deficiency = Most common enzyme deficiency globally Hereditary spherocytosis = A rare inherited disorder affecting red cells Thalassemia = Affects the production of alpha or beta globin chains Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causes of inheritance of blood disorders with their explanations:

Autosomal recessive = Requires two copies of the mutated gene X-linked inheritance = Often seen in males due to only one X chromosome Mitochondrial inheritance = Passed exclusively from mother to offspring Polygenic inheritance = Involves multiple genes contributing to the disorder Signup and view all the answers

Match the following erythropoiesis mechanisms with their functions:

Iron supplementation = Addresses iron deficiency for RBC production Erythropoietin = Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow Blood transfusion = Provides immediate red cells in acute situations Transplant = Used for severe bone marrow failure disorders Signup and view all the answers

Match the following impacts of iron deficiency with their consequences:

Reduced RBC production = Leads to anemia symptoms Impaired oxygen transport = Results in fatigue and weakness Increased erythropoietin levels = In response to low red blood cell count Altered immune function = Can lead to increased susceptibility to infections Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors affecting red blood cell health with their outcomes:

Oxidative stress = Triggers acute breakdown in G6PD deficiency Immune-mediated haemolysis = Targets red cells for destruction by antibodies Inherited disorders = May require regular transfusions for management Environmental triggers = Can exacerbate certain hemolytic conditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features of sickle cell disease with their effects:

Shape change upon deoxygenation = Leads to sickling of red blood cells Increased red cell breakdown = Results in chronic anemia symptoms Complications from vaso-occlusive crises = Can cause severe pain episodes Higher fluid requirements = Helps to manage complications of the disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments for red blood cell disorders with their aims:

Iron replacement = Addresses specific nutritional deficiencies Gene therapy = Targets genetic causes of blood disorders Transfusion support = Provides quick relief in acute anemia Immune modulation = Aims to reduce autoimmune responses affecting red cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of hemolysis with their causes:

Intrinsic hemolysis = Results from genetic defects in red cells Extrinsic hemolysis = Caused by outside factors like immune response Mechanical hemolysis = Occurs due to trauma to red cells Temperature-related hemolysis = Can occur in cases of severe cold or heat exposure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following indicators of red blood cell disorders with their meanings:

Anemia = Low red blood cell count in the bloodstream Reticulocytosis = Increased number of immature red blood cells Hypoxia = Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues Hemoglobinopathy = Any disorder affecting hemoglobin structure or function Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thalassemia

Genetic conditions affecting red blood cell production.

Red blood cell function

Dependent on components like iron, B12, and folate.