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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between serum and plasma in terms of composition?
What is the main difference between serum and plasma in terms of composition?
What is the correct procedure for obtaining plasma from whole blood?
What is the correct procedure for obtaining plasma from whole blood?
What happens to red blood cells during the process of centrifuging blood to obtain plasma?
What happens to red blood cells during the process of centrifuging blood to obtain plasma?
In the diagram comparing serum and plasma, what is indicated by the yellow liquid?
In the diagram comparing serum and plasma, what is indicated by the yellow liquid?
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How long should blood remain in a container to form serum before pipetting?
How long should blood remain in a container to form serum before pipetting?
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What is the primary function of blood concerning homeostasis?
What is the primary function of blood concerning homeostasis?
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Which component makes up the largest percentage of blood by volume?
Which component makes up the largest percentage of blood by volume?
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What is the primary purpose of albumin in blood plasma?
What is the primary purpose of albumin in blood plasma?
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How many white blood cells are typically found per cubic millimeter of blood?
How many white blood cells are typically found per cubic millimeter of blood?
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Which of the following is a function of blood?
Which of the following is a function of blood?
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What percentage of blood volume do formed elements account for?
What percentage of blood volume do formed elements account for?
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Which plasma protein has the highest concentration?
Which plasma protein has the highest concentration?
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What percentage of red blood cells is typically found in the blood?
What percentage of red blood cells is typically found in the blood?
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Which blood sample type is most commonly used for routine laboratory tests?
Which blood sample type is most commonly used for routine laboratory tests?
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What is a common use for arterial blood samples?
What is a common use for arterial blood samples?
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Which type of blood sample is taken from the fingertip or heel?
Which type of blood sample is taken from the fingertip or heel?
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What characteristic of veins allows them to accommodate larger volumes of blood?
What characteristic of veins allows them to accommodate larger volumes of blood?
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What is the primary function of globulins in the blood?
What is the primary function of globulins in the blood?
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Which of the following samples is NOT suitable for hematological tests?
Which of the following samples is NOT suitable for hematological tests?
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Which blood condition is characterized by a decrease in red blood corpuscles?
Which blood condition is characterized by a decrease in red blood corpuscles?
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Which is true about the structure of arteries?
Which is true about the structure of arteries?
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Why are capillary blood tests often less reliable for certain values?
Why are capillary blood tests often less reliable for certain values?
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What is the range for white blood corpuscles in a healthy individual?
What is the range for white blood corpuscles in a healthy individual?
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What is the preferred method for blood sample collection in infants?
What is the preferred method for blood sample collection in infants?
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What is the function of fibrinogen in the blood?
What is the function of fibrinogen in the blood?
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What happens to samples if even a small clot forms in anti-coagulated blood?
What happens to samples if even a small clot forms in anti-coagulated blood?
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What term describes the increase in white blood corpuscles?
What term describes the increase in white blood corpuscles?
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What is the correct sequence of blood vessels starting from the heart?
What is the correct sequence of blood vessels starting from the heart?
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What describes the role of platelets in the blood?
What describes the role of platelets in the blood?
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Study Notes
Blood Composition and Function
- Blood is a vital fluid tissue, making up 8% of body weight (approximately 5.6 liters).
- Blood's functions include: transport, defense (e.g., stopping bleeding), and homeostasis.
Blood Composition Breakdown
-
Plasma (55%): Mostly water (91%), with proteins (7%), and other solutes (2%).
- Plasma proteins include albumin (osmotic pressure, transport), globulins (defense, transport), fibrinogen (blood clotting).
- Other solutes include ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, and regulatory substances.
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Formed elements (45%):
- Red blood cells (RBCs): 4.2-6.2 million per cubic mm. Low RBCs is anemia; high RBCs is polycythemia.
- White blood cells (WBCs): 4000-11000 per cubic mm. Low WBCs is leukopenia; high WBCs is leukocytosis. Types include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
- Platelets: 250,000-500,000 per cubic mm. Low platelets is thrombocytopenia; high platelets is thrombocytosis.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart; thick walls, narrow lumens, less distensible.
- Veins: Carry blood to the heart; thinner walls, wider lumens, more distensible (can store more blood).
Blood Sampling Types
- Venous blood: From superficial veins (preferred for most clinical tests). Infants may use the femoral vein.
- Arterial blood: From arteries (used for blood gas analysis and pH). Radial or femoral arteries are often used.
- Capillary blood: From fingertips, heels, earlobes (used for Hb estimation, cell counts, coagulation time, blood groups in infants & children, and patients with fragile veins).
Unsuitable Blood Samples for Hematological Tests
- Clotted blood: Even small clots invalidate results.
- Hemolysed blood: Red blood cell rupture releases hemoglobin, rendering the sample unusable.
Blood Sample Processing
- Whole blood/Plasma: Blood withdrawn is mixed with an anticoagulant. If plasma is desired, centrifugation separates plasma from formed elements.
- Serum: Blood draws are allowed to clot; the supernatant is collected as serum. Centrifugation helps remove any remaining cells.
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Description
Explore the vital roles and composition of blood in this quiz. Learn about the components such as plasma and formed elements, along with their functions in transport, defense, and homeostasis. Test your knowledge on blood cell counts and the significance of variations in these counts.
