Blood Coagulation and Clotting

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What is the normal clotting time in minutes?

3 to 10 minutes

According to Duke's method, what is the normal bleeding time?

4 minutes

How much oxygen can each gram of hemoglobin carry?

1.34 ml

What is the normal hemoglobin value for adult males in g/dl?

13-18 g/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal hemoglobin value for children above 1 year old in g/dl?

12-15 g/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of estimating hemoglobin in a laboratory setting?

To diagnose and monitor anemia and other hematological disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the device used to measure the pain threshold in animals?

Analgesiometer Signup and view all the answers

What is tail-flick latency, and what does it measure?

The withdrawal of the tail from the heat source is referred to as tail-flick latency, which measures the time it takes for the tail to withdraw from a heat source. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical withdrawal time of the tail in the tail-flick latency method?

Within 2 to 10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What are the different assessment parameters used to screen for antiepileptic activity?

Change in the threshold, qualitative change in pattern of the motor seizures, changes in the EEG pattern, and changes in incidence of seizures Signup and view all the answers

For which type of epilepsy treatment is the electric shock method used?

Grand mal epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the electric shock method in screening for antiepileptic activity?

To assess the protection against electroshock-induced seizures in mice/rats Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the apparatus used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior in rodents?

Elevated plus-maze (EPM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the closed arms in the elevated plus-maze test?

The closed arms provide a sense of security and lack of anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the hole board apparatus?

To evaluate anxiety-like behavior in rodents Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical assessment parameter of the hole board method?

Poking the nose into a hole Signup and view all the answers

What are the two evaluation parameters used in the elevated plus-maze method?

The total entries score and the total distance Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the diameter of each hole in the hole board apparatus?

It is 3 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the open field test in the screening of antianxiety activity?

To observe the behavioral patterns of an animal in a new environment. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two behavioral patterns observed in the open field test that are related to exploration?

Rearing and Centre square entries Signup and view all the answers

How long does the open field test typically last?

5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the instrument used to screen for antianxiety activity?

Open-field test Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the forced swim test in the screening of antidepressant activity?

To observe the behavioral parameters of an animal in response to stress. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three behavioral parameters observed in the forced swim test?

Swimming, immobility, and climbing Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral response is typically observed in animals during the forced swim test?

Immobile posture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inducing edema in the rat paw experiment?

To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chemical used to induce edema in the rat paw experiment?

Carrageenan (1% 0.1 ml sc) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cylinder filled with water in the forced swim test?

It is used to create an inescapable environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying principle of the forced swim test?

The observation that animals develop an immobile posture in an inescapable environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the parameter evaluated in the rat paw edema method?

Edema Signup and view all the answers