56 Questions
What is the main cause of clot formation within the blood vessels or the heart?
Platelet activation and aggregation
Which type of clot adheres to a vessel wall?
Thrombus
What is the main function of fibrin in the clot formation process?
Cross-linking and stabilizing the clot
Why are both thrombi and emboli considered dangerous?
They may occlude blood vessels
What is the role of platelets in response to vascular trauma?
Adhesion to the site of injury, release of intracellular contents, and aggregation
What is the first step in the response of platelets to vascular trauma?
Adhesion to the site of injury
What happens during the second step of platelet response to vascular trauma?
Release of intracellular contents
What is the final step in the response of platelets to vascular trauma?
Aggregation
What is the role of thrombin in the coagulation cascade?
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Which factor catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin in clot formation?
Thrombin
What is the result of the coagulation cascade in the formation of the clot?
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
What is the primary function of factor Xa in the coagulation cascade?
Activation of prothrombin
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which endothelial cells maintain a nonthrombogenic lining in blood vessels?
The release of plasminogen activators
What is the role of Heparin like proteoglycans in the prevention of thrombosis?
They inhibit coagulation
Which phenomenon is important in preventing the adhesion of circulating platelets to the blood vessel lining?
The maintenance of transmural negative electrical charge
What activates the fibrinolytic pathway to prevent thrombosis?
The production of plasminogen activators
What is the primary function of platelet aggregation inhibitors?
Blocking GPIIb,IIIa receptors
How do antiplatelet drugs contribute to thrombolytic therapy?
By maintaining perfusion and limiting infarction size
What is the role of heparin when administered as an adjunct to antiplatelet therapy?
Serving as a potent anticoagulant
Which signals do platelet aggregation inhibitors interfere with?
Signals promoting platelet aggregation
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin in low doses?
Inhibiting thromboxane synthesis in platelets
What is a therapeutic use of aspirin according to the text?
Prophylactic treatment of transient cerebral ischemia
Which adverse effect is associated with aspirin therapy?
Gastrointestinal ulceration
What is the goal of therapy with aspirin according to the text?
To inhibit the synthesis of platelet thromboxane A2
What is the most serious side effect associated with the use of ticlopidine?
Neutropenia
How does clopidogrel exert its effect on platelet activation?
By inhibiting glycoprotein (GP IIb/IIIa receptors
Which hepatic enzyme inhibitor can diminish the action of clopidogrel?
Omeprazole
What is the alternative prophylactic therapy to aspirin in the secondary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction?
Clopidogrel
Which of the following drugs is a murine monoclonal antibody against the GP IIb IIIa?
Abciximab
What is the primary prophylactic use of Dipyridamole in combination with warfarin?
To prevent thrombosis in patients with prosthetic heart valves
Which drug is a coronary vasodilator that increases CAMP and decreases thromboxane A2 synthesis?
Dipyridamole
What is the main disadvantage associated with the use of Eptifibatide?
Oral toxicity
What is the primary difference between standard heparin and low molecular weight heparin?
Low molecular weight heparin has greater bioavailability than standard heparin
How does heparin exert its anticoagulant effect?
By inhibiting the action of antithrombin III
What is the primary advantage of low molecular weight heparin over standard heparin?
It is more effective in preventing thromboembolism
Which type of administration is available for low molecular weight heparin?
Subcutaneous administration
What is the primary therapeutic use of heparin according to the given text?
Treating myocardial infarction
Why is intramuscular heparin contraindicated according to the given text?
It may cause hematoma formation
What is the maximal anticoagulant effect of intravenous heparin according to the text?
Within minutes after injection
In which condition is heparin contraindicated according to the text?
Recent surgery
What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
Induces the formation of structurally incomplete clotting factors
Where does warfarin primarily induce hypocoagulability?
In vivo
In which condition is warfarin contraindicated?
Presence of active or past gastrointestinal ulceration
What is a therapeutic use of warfarin?
Prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation
What is the purpose of thrombolytic therapy?
To rapidly destroy already formed clots
Which drug is superior to streptokinase and urokinase in dissolving older clots?
Alteplase
What is the mechanism of action of plasmin in thrombolytic therapy?
Catalyzing the degradation of fibrin
When is alteplase administered for ischemic stroke?
Within 3 hours of onset
Which drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, metastatic cancers, and history of cerebrovascular accidents?
Anistreolase
What is the primary therapeutic use of Urokinase according to the given text?
Severe pulmonary emboli
Which drug is a third-generation thrombolytic?
Reteplase
What are the adverse effects associated with Streptokinase?
Bleeding, hypersensitivity
Which drug is used to reverse the effect of heparin?
Vitamin K
What is the primary function of Aprotinin?
Inhibits streptokinase bleeding
What is the therapeutic use of Sodium bicarbonate according to the given text?
Treating aspirin toxicity
What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of Protamine sulfate?
Bradycardia
Test your knowledge about blood coagulation, thrombus, embolus, and the formation of unwanted clots within blood vessels or the heart. Explore the process of clot formation, including platelet activation, aggregation, and the role of thrombin and fibrin in stabilizing the clot.
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