Blood Clotting Process

What is the result of the binding of ADP to P2Y12 receptors in platelets?

Blockage of GPIIb/IIIa receptors
Formation of a stable fibrin clot
Release of dense granules and alpha granules (correct)
Inhibition of platelet activation

Which of the following is a key factor in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Fibrinogen
Thrombin
Tissue Factor (TF)
Factor VIII (correct)

What is the primary function of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in hemostasis?

To promote platelet adhesion to the subendothelial matrix (correct)
To inhibit thrombin activity
To stabilize fibrin clots
To stimulate the release of dense granules from platelets

Which type of thrombus is associated with atherosclerosis and usually forms at the site of vascular injury?

Arterial thrombus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of thrombin to platelets?

Activation of platelets (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of FXa in the coagulation cascade?

To convert fibrinogen to fibrin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which P2Y1 amplifies platelet aggregation?

Enhancing the response to all platelet agonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following P2Y12 antagonists is affected by genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 and CYP2C19?

Clopidogrel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of Prasugrel over Clopidogrel?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which GPIIb-IIIa antagonists inhibit platelet aggregation?

Inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to platelets (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of GPIIb-IIIa antagonists?

Blockage of restenosis following coronary angioplasty (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Ticagrelor over Clopidogrel?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in patients who have already experienced a myocardial infarction?

To manage the risk of thrombosis against the risk of bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge in using anti-platelet drugs for primary prevention?

The risk of inducing haemorrhage outweighs the benefit of preventing thrombosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a medical intervention to reduce the risk of an event re-occurring?

Secondary prevention (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are anti-platelet drugs not used in primary prevention?

Because the risk of haemorrhage outweighs the benefit of preventing thrombosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the context in which the risk of thrombosis can be managed against the risk of bleeding?

In secondary prevention (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is responsible for the release of tissue thromboplastin?

Injured cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of heparin in inhibiting coagulation?

Direct inhibition of serine-protease factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the fibrinolytic system?

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stasis in the context of Virchow's Triad?

Decreased blood flow, preventing dilution of coagulation proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathways is activated by contact with a negatively charged surface?

Intrinsic pathway (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protein C in the coagulation cascade?

Degradation of factors Va and VIIIa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)?

To inactivate and form a complex with Factor Xa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of transexamic acid in the treatment of severe haemorrhage?

It inhibits the activation of plasminogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of active protein C (APC)?

To inactivate Factors Va and VIIIa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

Vitamin K deficiency (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antithrombin (antithrombin III)?

To inactivate thrombin and Factors IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)?

Recurrent thromboses (A) Signup and view all the answers