Blood Circulation and Oxygenation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of pernicious anemia?

Inherited genetic disorder

Autoimmune response against stomach mucosa cells (correct)

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Malaria infection

What is the function of intrinsic factor in the body?

Absorption of vitamin B12 (correct)

Production of vitamin B12

Regulation of red blood cell production

Prevention of sickle-cell anemia

What is the result of vitamin B12 deficiency on erythrocytes?

Production of large, pale cells (correct)

Production of small, pale cells

Increase in red blood cell count

Decrease in blood viscosity

Which population is most affected by sickle-cell anemia?

African-American people Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard treatment for acute sickle-cell crisis?

Blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

Why does sickle-cell trait persist in certain populations?

It provides protection against malaria Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin B12 typically administered to patients with pernicious anemia?

Intramuscular injections Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of sickle-cell anemia?

Bone and chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the average blood volume in an adult?

3 L Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the formation of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of red blood cells?

They have a biconcave disc shape Signup and view all the answers

What type of white blood cell is most numerous in the body?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of blood proteins in the body?

In all of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals?

Basophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of platelets?

To form blood clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down blood clots called?

Fibrinolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blood doping in athletic competitions?

To increase hematocrit and enhance endurance and speed Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body when blood is removed for doping?

The body quickly replaces the removed red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of reinfusing stored red blood cells into the body?

Temporary polycythemia Signup and view all the answers

Why is blood doping considered unethical in competitive sports?

It provides an unfair advantage to athletes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of erythropoietin in the body?

To trigger the production of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of oxygen can each hemoglobin molecule transport?

146 Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with blood doping?

Stroke and heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storing red blood cells for doping?

To reinfuse into the body before competition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of renal anemia?

Lack of EPO production Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals with sickle-cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria?

Sickling reduces the malaria parasites' ability to survive Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of destruction or inhibition of the red marrow?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual reason for strict vegetarians to have a problem with vitamin B12?

Meats, poultry, and fish do not provide ample vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the average RBC count in individuals living in high-altitude areas?

6-8 million/µl Signup and view all the answers

What is a focus of several treatment approaches for sickle-cell anemia?

Preventing RBCs from sickling Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in sickle-cell anemia?

It prevents RBCs from sickling Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of deaths per year due to malaria?

1,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen-deficient blood flow from?

The capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood after it reaches the heart?

It is pumped throughout the body once again Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the protective functions of blood?

Preventing blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What helps defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses?

Antibodies, complement proteins, and leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the transport functions of blood?

Delivering oxygen from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What initiates clot formation when a blood vessel is damaged?

Platelets and plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for white blood cells?

Leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in protecting the body?

Halting blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Functions

Blood performs three main functions: transport, regulation, and protection.
Transport functions include delivering oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.

Blood Protection

Preventing blood loss through clot formation, which is initiated by platelets and plasma proteins.
Preventing infection through the actions of antibodies, complement proteins, and leukocytes (white blood cells).

Blood Composition

Blood volume in an adult averages approximately 5L.
The most numerous WBC is the neutrophil.
Blood proteins play an important part in blood clotting, immunity, and maintenance of blood volume.

Blood Disorders

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease that affects the elderly, causing the destruction of cells in the stomach mucosa that produce intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the development of macrocytes, which are large, pale cells.
Sickle-cell anemia occurs primarily in people of African descent, affecting approximately 1 in 500 African-American newborns.
Sickle-cell trait, which is having one copy of the sickle-cell gene, provides a better chance of surviving malaria.
Renal anemia is caused by a lack of EPO, which controls red blood cell production, and can be treated by administering EPO.
Aplastic anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals.
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells, which can be induced artificially through blood doping.

Blood Doping

Blood doping is the practice of drawing off and storing an athlete's red blood cells, allowing the body to replace them, and then reinfusing them before an athletic event to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
Blood doping is considered unethical and has been banned from competitive sports.

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Description

This quiz covers the path of oxygen-deficient blood flowing from capillaries to the heart and then to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Understand the process of blood circulation and oxygenation.