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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of pernicious anemia?
What is the primary cause of pernicious anemia?
- Inherited genetic disorder
- Autoimmune response against stomach mucosa cells (correct)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Malaria infection
What is the function of intrinsic factor in the body?
What is the function of intrinsic factor in the body?
- Absorption of vitamin B12 (correct)
- Production of vitamin B12
- Regulation of red blood cell production
- Prevention of sickle-cell anemia
What is the result of vitamin B12 deficiency on erythrocytes?
What is the result of vitamin B12 deficiency on erythrocytes?
- Production of large, pale cells (correct)
- Production of small, pale cells
- Increase in red blood cell count
- Decrease in blood viscosity
Which population is most affected by sickle-cell anemia?
Which population is most affected by sickle-cell anemia?
What is the standard treatment for acute sickle-cell crisis?
What is the standard treatment for acute sickle-cell crisis?
Why does sickle-cell trait persist in certain populations?
Why does sickle-cell trait persist in certain populations?
How is vitamin B12 typically administered to patients with pernicious anemia?
How is vitamin B12 typically administered to patients with pernicious anemia?
What is a common complication of sickle-cell anemia?
What is a common complication of sickle-cell anemia?
What is the average blood volume in an adult?
What is the average blood volume in an adult?
What stimulates the formation of red blood cells?
What stimulates the formation of red blood cells?
What is a characteristic of red blood cells?
What is a characteristic of red blood cells?
What type of white blood cell is most numerous in the body?
What type of white blood cell is most numerous in the body?
What is the function of blood proteins in the body?
What is the function of blood proteins in the body?
Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals?
Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals?
What is the major function of platelets?
What is the major function of platelets?
What is the process of breaking down blood clots called?
What is the process of breaking down blood clots called?
What is the purpose of blood doping in athletic competitions?
What is the purpose of blood doping in athletic competitions?
What happens to the body when blood is removed for doping?
What happens to the body when blood is removed for doping?
What is the result of reinfusing stored red blood cells into the body?
What is the result of reinfusing stored red blood cells into the body?
Why is blood doping considered unethical in competitive sports?
Why is blood doping considered unethical in competitive sports?
What is the role of erythropoietin in the body?
What is the role of erythropoietin in the body?
How many molecules of oxygen can each hemoglobin molecule transport?
How many molecules of oxygen can each hemoglobin molecule transport?
What is the risk associated with blood doping?
What is the risk associated with blood doping?
What is the purpose of storing red blood cells for doping?
What is the purpose of storing red blood cells for doping?
What is the primary cause of renal anemia?
What is the primary cause of renal anemia?
Why do individuals with sickle-cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria?
Why do individuals with sickle-cell trait have a better chance of surviving malaria?
What is a common result of destruction or inhibition of the red marrow?
What is a common result of destruction or inhibition of the red marrow?
What is the usual reason for strict vegetarians to have a problem with vitamin B12?
What is the usual reason for strict vegetarians to have a problem with vitamin B12?
What is the average RBC count in individuals living in high-altitude areas?
What is the average RBC count in individuals living in high-altitude areas?
What is a focus of several treatment approaches for sickle-cell anemia?
What is a focus of several treatment approaches for sickle-cell anemia?
What is the benefit of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in sickle-cell anemia?
What is the benefit of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in sickle-cell anemia?
What is the approximate number of deaths per year due to malaria?
What is the approximate number of deaths per year due to malaria?
Where does oxygen-deficient blood flow from?
Where does oxygen-deficient blood flow from?
What happens to the blood after it reaches the heart?
What happens to the blood after it reaches the heart?
What is one of the protective functions of blood?
What is one of the protective functions of blood?
What helps defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses?
What helps defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses?
What is one of the transport functions of blood?
What is one of the transport functions of blood?
What initiates clot formation when a blood vessel is damaged?
What initiates clot formation when a blood vessel is damaged?
What is another name for white blood cells?
What is another name for white blood cells?
What is the main function of platelets in protecting the body?
What is the main function of platelets in protecting the body?
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Study Notes
Blood Functions
- Blood performs three main functions: transport, regulation, and protection.
- Transport functions include delivering oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
Blood Protection
- Preventing blood loss through clot formation, which is initiated by platelets and plasma proteins.
- Preventing infection through the actions of antibodies, complement proteins, and leukocytes (white blood cells).
Blood Composition
- Blood volume in an adult averages approximately 5L.
- The most numerous WBC is the neutrophil.
- Blood proteins play an important part in blood clotting, immunity, and maintenance of blood volume.
Blood Disorders
- Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease that affects the elderly, causing the destruction of cells in the stomach mucosa that produce intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the development of macrocytes, which are large, pale cells.
- Sickle-cell anemia occurs primarily in people of African descent, affecting approximately 1 in 500 African-American newborns.
- Sickle-cell trait, which is having one copy of the sickle-cell gene, provides a better chance of surviving malaria.
- Renal anemia is caused by a lack of EPO, which controls red blood cell production, and can be treated by administering EPO.
- Aplastic anemia results from the destruction or inhibition of the red marrow by certain drugs and chemicals.
- Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells, which can be induced artificially through blood doping.
Blood Doping
- Blood doping is the practice of drawing off and storing an athlete's red blood cells, allowing the body to replace them, and then reinfusing them before an athletic event to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Blood doping is considered unethical and has been banned from competitive sports.
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