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What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

To deliver leukocytes and antibodies
To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
To maintain homeostasis
To transport hormones and cytokines

What is the approximate percentage of plasma in peripheral blood?

46% (correct)
40%
60%
50%

What type of protein is the Rh antigen?

Glycophorin
Hemoglobin subunit
Carbohydrate chain
Integral membrane protein (correct)

Which hemoglobin form is present in patients with sickle cell anemia?

HbS (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of an erythrocyte in the blood?

120 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of HbA in healthy adults?

97% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of an erythrocyte?

Biconcave disk (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma in the blood?

To deliver nutrients and waste products (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for anemia in sickle cell anemia?

RBCs rupture, decreasing the number of RBCs available for oxygen transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of water in plasma?

90% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of HbS crystallizing into inflexible rods?

RBCs deform into a sickle shape (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of HbF in newborns?

80% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of plasma that separates from the coagulum after clotting?

Serum (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what age do newborns reach normal adult levels of HbF?

8 months (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of inorganic salts in plasma?

0.9% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the light microscope appearance of an erythrocyte in a smear?

Pink circle with a light center (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?

Carrying oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal form of hemoglobin that makes up 2% of hemoglobin in healthy adults?

HbA2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average life span of platelets in the blood stream?

About 10 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in the body?

To initiate blood clots (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of platelets?

From the bone marrow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of white blood cells have a multi-lobed nucleus?

Neutrophil (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increased number of neutrophils in the circulation?

Neutrophilia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decreased number of neutrophils in the circulation?

Neutropenia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average lifespan of neutrophils inside blood vessels?

About 10 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of platelets?

Biconvex disk (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many types of white blood cells are mentioned in the text?

5 (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which month of fetal development does the liver become a dominant site of hemopoiesis?

2nd month (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of blood cell formation in a normal adult?

Bone marrow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the definitive hematopoietic stem cells?

Mesoderm surrounding the aorta (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM)?

It is the site where stem cells colonize the liver (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of formation of blood cells in the 7th month of fetal development?

Bone marrow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of haemopoiesis?

A small population of self-replicating stem cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where do stem cells from the liver colonize in the 7th month of gestation?

Bone marrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the liver's blood-forming function after the 7th month of gestation?

It loses its function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the first blood cells?

Yolk sac (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the differential cell count do monocytes typically represent?

2-10% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the nucleus of monocytes?

Kidney or C-shaped (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monocytes in tissues?

To help destroy foreign bodies and maintain or remodel tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood?

Monocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes?

Cellular and humoral immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of a small lymphocyte?

It is a narrow rim around the nucleus and pale blue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

To differentiate into tissue plasma cells that make antibodies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that are produced from B-lymphocytes and produce antibodies?

Tissue plasma cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of monocytes in diameter?

12-18 μm (A) Signup and view all the answers

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