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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

  • To deliver leukocytes and antibodies
  • To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To maintain homeostasis
  • To transport hormones and cytokines

    • What is the approximate percentage of plasma in peripheral blood?

  • 46% (correct)
  • 40%
  • 60%
  • 50%

    • What type of protein is the Rh antigen?

  • Glycophorin
  • Hemoglobin subunit
  • Carbohydrate chain
  • Integral membrane protein (correct)

    • Which hemoglobin form is present in patients with sickle cell anemia?

    <p>HbS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical lifespan of an erythrocyte in the blood?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of HbA in healthy adults?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of an erythrocyte?

    <p>Biconcave disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>To deliver nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for anemia in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>RBCs rupture, decreasing the number of RBCs available for oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of water in plasma?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of HbS crystallizing into inflexible rods?

    <p>RBCs deform into a sickle shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of HbF in newborns?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the portion of plasma that separates from the coagulum after clotting?

    <p>Serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do newborns reach normal adult levels of HbF?

    <p>8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of inorganic salts in plasma?

    <p>0.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the light microscope appearance of an erythrocyte in a smear?

    <p>Pink circle with a light center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?

    <p>Carrying oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal form of hemoglobin that makes up 2% of hemoglobin in healthy adults?

    <p>HbA2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life span of platelets in the blood stream?

    <p>About 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets in the body?

    <p>To initiate blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of platelets?

    <p>From the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of white blood cells have a multi-lobed nucleus?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increased number of neutrophils in the circulation?

    <p>Neutrophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decreased number of neutrophils in the circulation?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average lifespan of neutrophils inside blood vessels?

    <p>About 10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of platelets?

    <p>Biconvex disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of white blood cells are mentioned in the text?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which month of fetal development does the liver become a dominant site of hemopoiesis?

    <p>2nd month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of blood cell formation in a normal adult?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the definitive hematopoietic stem cells?

    <p>Mesoderm surrounding the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM)?

    <p>It is the site where stem cells colonize the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of formation of blood cells in the 7th month of fetal development?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of haemopoiesis?

    <p>A small population of self-replicating stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do stem cells from the liver colonize in the 7th month of gestation?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the liver's blood-forming function after the 7th month of gestation?

    <p>It loses its function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the first blood cells?

    <p>Yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the differential cell count do monocytes typically represent?

    <p>2-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the nucleus of monocytes?

    <p>Kidney or C-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of monocytes in tissues?

    <p>To help destroy foreign bodies and maintain or remodel tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood?

    <p>Monocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes?

    <p>Cellular and humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of a small lymphocyte?

    <p>It is a narrow rim around the nucleus and pale blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

    <p>To differentiate into tissue plasma cells that make antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cells that are produced from B-lymphocytes and produce antibodies?

    <p>Tissue plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of monocytes in diameter?

    <p>12-18 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

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