Blood Cell Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the average diameter of a healthy erythrocyte?

  • 12 μm
  • 9 μm
  • 7.5 μm (correct)
  • 6 μm

Which type of leukocyte accounts for 60-70% of circulating leukocytes?

  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils (correct)

What is a distinguishing feature of eosinophils?

  • Bilobed nucleus (correct)
  • Segmented nucleus
  • Spherical nucleus
  • Multilobed nucleus

How long is the life span of a typical erythrocyte?

<p>20 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

<p>Lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of basophils in circulating leukocytes?

<p>Less than 1% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common abnormal shape of an erythrocyte?

<p>Sickle shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thrombocytes?

<p>Clot blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of granules do neutrophils contain?

<p>Specific granules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem cells differentiate into myeloid cells?

<p>Myeloid stem cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Erythrocytes?

The most abundant cells in the blood, responsible for oxygen transport. They are flexible, biconcave discs with a diameter of 6-9 μm and a thickness of 2.5 μm at the rim and 0.75 μm in the center.

What are Thrombocytes?

A specialized type of cell that helps in blood clotting. They are not true cells, but rather fragments of cytoplasm. They are smaller than erythrocytes, with a diameter of 2-4 μm.

How is a blood smear prepared?

A stained blood smear is used to visualize blood cells under a microscope. It involves spreading a thin layer of blood on a slide, letting it air dry, fixing it with methanol, and staining it with dyes.

What are Leukocytes?

These cells are responsible for defending the body against infections. They are larger than erythrocytes and have a nucleus.

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What are Neutrophils?

The most common type of leukocyte, accounting for 60-70% of circulating leukocytes. They are characterized by a multilobed nucleus and a cytoplasm filled with granules.

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What are Eosinophils?

They constitute 2-4% of circulating leukocytes. They have bilobed nuclei and large, acidophilic cytoplasmic granules.

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What are Basophils?

They make up less than 1% of circulating leukocytes. They have large, irregularly shaped granules that contain histamine and heparin.

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What are Lymphocytes?

These cells are responsible for adaptive immunity and comprise 20-40% of circulating leukocytes. They have a large nucleus and a thin rim of cytoplasm.

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What are Monocytes?

They are the largest leukocytes and are involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. They differentiate into macrophages.

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How are blood cells produced?

Blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells. These cells differentiate into various blood cell lineages, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

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Study Notes

Blood Cell Development

  • Blood is composed of water, plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste products.
  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells) account for 4.2-6.2 million per cubic mm.
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells) include neutrophils (60-70%), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Lymphocytes are 20-25% and include T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells.
  • Platelets (thrombocytes) have a normal count of 150,000 to 400,000 per μL of blood.
  • Erythrocytes are flexible, biconcave discs, non-nucleated, and appear ac-dophic with a pale center.
  • Erythrocyte size ranges from 6-9µm, with a thickness of 2.5 µm at the rim and 0.75 µm in the center.
  • Erythrocytes have a lifespan of 120 days.
  • Abnormal shapes of erythrocytes include sickle cells and spherocytosis. Abnormal sizes include microcytic (diameters less than 6µm) and macrocytic (diameters greater than 9µm).
  • White blood cell types encompass granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes).
  • Neutrophils have segmented, multilobed nuclei (2-5 lobes), and cytoplasmic granules.
  • Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and large, acidophilic cytoplasmic granules.
  • Basophils have a bilobed nucleus and have specific granules that obscure the shape of the nucleus.
  • Monocytes are the largest cells in blood smears and have large, indented, C-shaped or kidney-shaped nuclei.
  • Lymphocytes are small and slightly clefted or slightly indented. Small lymphocytes and large lymphocytes are distinguished morphologically.
  • Platelets are small, non-nucleated, membrane-bound cell fragments.
  • Blood smears show platelets in clumps, with a lightly stained peripheral zone.
  • Hemopoiesis is the formation and development of blood cells from pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow.
  • Myeloid stem cells differentiate into granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and erythrocytes, while lymphoid stem cells form lymphocytes.
  • CFU (colony-forming unit) classifications in heamatopoiesis lead to different lineages of blood cells.
  • Various growth factors (e.g., EPO, G-CSF, M-CSF) regulate specific blood cell development.

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