Block Instruments and Safety Measures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the frequency at which a technician must check the maintenance of block instruments?

Fortnightly.

What condition must locks be in to prevent them from being forced?

Locks must be in a condition that they are not liable to be forced.

How should contacts be maintained if surfaces are pitted?

They should be cleaned with chamois leather and refurbished.

What must be ensured about the relay armatures?

<p>They must be free and return to their normal position when no current is flowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for terminal screws and lock nuts during maintenance checks?

<p>All must be kept tight and split pins opened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance should be performed on batteries as per the instructions?

<p>Batteries should be kept clean, with tight terminals free from dirt or corrosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must the block instrument telephone and components be in?

<p>They must be in good condition with no direct path for current flow between circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When block instruments are located in different contiguous Railway/Divisions, who is responsible for maintenance?

<p>Both instruments and their associated equipment shall be maintained by one agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an isolated power supply for block instruments?

<p>The isolated power supply is designated solely for the block instrument to ensure proper operation without interference from other circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the requirements for visual indications on the block instruments.

<p>The instruments must clearly show 'Line Closed' when normal and no train is present, 'Train Coming From' when line clear is given, and 'Train Going To' when line clear is received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional considerations must be taken when using Integrated Power Supplies (IPS) for block working?

<p>Isolated DC-DC converter modules must be utilized for each block separately when using IPS for block working.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the current indicator in block instruments.

<p>The current indicator shows the polarity of incoming and outgoing line currents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Station Master play in the operation of block instruments?

<p>The Station Master must perform specific actions to grant or obtain Line Clear, ensuring coordinated operation between stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How must the power supply housing for block instruments be handled according to the guidelines?

<p>If provided in the SM's Room, the power supply housing should be locked and sealed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hot standby feature in the block instrument system?

<p>The hot standby feature allows for continuous display and operation of block indications on both VDUs for reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of block instruments, why is the cooperation of the Station Master at the other end critical?

<p>Cooperation is necessary for operations, such as granting Line Clear for token release or acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for the instruments to be restored to 'normal' before carrying out a 'Train Going To' or 'Train Coming From' operation?

<p>Both instruments must be restored to normal, in accordance with the cooperative features indicated in para 18.1.2(c).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why 'Line Clear' receiving and granting mechanisms cannot operate simultaneously.

<p>It is to prevent any conflicting signals that could endanger train movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is required for restoring the instrument to 'Line Closed' after a train has arrived?

<p>The instrument set to 'Train Going To' must be the first one restored to 'Line Closed'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can a token be extracted from the instrument?

<p>A token can only be extracted when the instrument is set to 'Train Going To'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature does the token instrument have to prevent a token from being misused in adjacent sections?

<p>The instrument is installed to prevent a token from one block section being placed in an adjacent section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional engraving is required on the tokens of each section?

<p>Tokens must be engraved with the code name of the stations at both ends and a serial number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do single line tokenless block instruments ensure they work correctly despite outside electrical interference?

<p>They operate on a coded impulse/frequency modulated current system, making them immune to extraneous currents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fixed indication must be provided by the single line tokenless block instruments?

<p>They must provide means to indicate 'Train on Line' at both sending and receiving stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an automatic device in a Block section?

<p>To dispense with the need for manual operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two mechanisms should not operate simultaneously concerning 'Line Clear'?

<p>The mechanism for receiving and the mechanism for granting 'Line Clear'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two audible indicators required at the receiving station?

<p>When the train enters the block section and when it has passed the Home Signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three visual indications provided for Up and Down Lines.

<p>Line Closed, Line Clear, Train On Line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the Station Master do before granting Line Clear?

<p>Perform one or more moving operations on the instrument along with working the bell or plunger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional warning is provided to the sending station?

<p>The warning when the train has passed the Last Stop Signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of current indicators in block instruments?

<p>To show the current status of the lines implementing Line Clear conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What special requirements are noted for Non-Co-operative type Instruments?

<p>They must also comply with the same requirements outlined for other Block Instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maintenance schedule designation for single line block instruments with push buttons?

<p>18-MS1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maintenance schedule corresponds to the analog block axle counter systems?

<p>18-MS4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What painting scheme color is used for the body of single line tokenless block instruments?

<p>Grey Enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the painting scheme, what color is specified for the woodwork of double line block instruments?

<p>Spirit Polish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the maintenance schedule code for double line lock and block instruments.

<p>18-MS2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drawing number for the IB hut layout plan?

<p>18-D1</p> Signup and view all the answers

For single line tokenless block instruments, what color is specified for the operating handle?

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance schedule is associated with tokenless block instruments of the handle type?

<p>18-MS5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IO-EXBs in signal relay communication?

<p>IO-EXBs facilitate the exchange of vital and non-vital signal relay status between two locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many vital I/Os can be exchanged in quad mode?

<p>In quad mode, 3 vital I/Os can be exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is exchanged in non-vital mode between two locations?

<p>In non-vital mode, 12 I/Os of non-vital information are exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of IB signal relays during communication?

<p>The IB signal relay status must be repeated from the rear station to the IB location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'vital mode' in the context of IO-EXBs.

<p>'Vital mode' refers to the operational mode where critical information is exchanged via 3 I/Os.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many functional inputs and outputs are typically seen in quad mode?

<p>Quad mode generally includes a total of 3 inputs and 3 outputs for vital functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spare' indicate in the context of input and output functions?

<p>'Spare' indicates that those specific functions or connections are not in use or reserved for future use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the block instrument system, what characterizes the input and output functions?

<p>Input and output functions consist of various operational signals necessary for train control and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum output function associated with single mode?

<p>The maximum output function associated with single mode is 7D HECR-B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of communication between IB locations and stations?

<p>A key feature is the exchange of both vital and non-vital indications to ensure operational efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific information must be included in the register of block instruments?

<p>The register must include the type of instrument, serial number, location, manufacturer, date of installation, date of last overhaul, and particulars of tokens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a token is found to be damaged?

<p>Damaged tokens should be removed, broken up, returned to Stores, and replaced with another token of the same number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required when a token is reported lost?

<p>A joint certificate must be issued by the supervisors of the Signal and Telecommunication and Operating Departments confirming the loss of the token.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must Sectional JE/SSE take a census of tokens in block sections?

<p>They must take a census at least once every six months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be displayed when a token is lost, according to the guidelines?

<p>Particulars of the lost token must be exhibited conspicuously near the relevant instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should all concerned parties be advised about damaged or removed tokens?

<p>All concerned should be informed about the removal and replacement of damaged tokens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What documentation is necessary for the entry of particulars of lost tokens into the records?

<p>The particulars of lost tokens must be recorded on Card No.S&amp;T/TL, as specified in Annexure: 18-A2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of damage necessitates the removal of a token from service?

<p>Tokens that are cracked, deformed, or worn smaller than the normal size must be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cables may be used for the working of block instruments?

<p>Special PVC insulated quads, aluminum sheathed cables, and jelly filled telecommunication cables, as well as OFC and radio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approved device should be installed in the relay room when using communication means other than quad cables?

<p>Universal Fail Safe Block Interface (UFSBI) of approved design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done when the distance between UFSBI and a block instrument exceeds 500 meters?

<p>Block filter, block bell, and telephone must be inserted in the cable pairs connecting them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the protective devices required alongside block instruments.

<p>Two chokes in series with a four terminal condenser and a surge arrestor across the condenser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power supply arrangements should be ensured for each block instrument?

<p>A separate line battery or DC-DC converter dedicated solely to block instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific arrangements are required for the grounding of block equipment?

<p>Separate earths for SPD and Block, with a common ring earth for SPDs of all Block equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is prior approval required when using block instruments not specified in the guidelines?

<p>To ensure that any new instruments meet safety and operational standards set by the Railway Board.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Block Bell play in the operation of block instruments?

<p>The Block Bell is operated through equipment of approved type to signal communication between stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Intermediate Block Signalling (IBS) in rail operations?

<p>To increase section capacity by dividing a long block section into a rear and advance section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is train entry into the rear section of a station controlled?

<p>It is controlled by the Last Stop Signal (LSS) of the rear station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Axle Counters or Track Circuits play in the Intermediate Block Signalling system?

<p>They monitor the track sections in both the rear and advance sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required at the IBS post to enable communication with the rear station?

<p>A Signal Post Telephone (SPT) or an approved type of communication device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What considerations are taken into account for staggered placement of IBS?

<p>Local conditions such as gradients, visibility of signals, and presence of neutral sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defined end point of the advance section in Intermediate Block Signalling?

<p>It ends at the home signal of the advance station, including the block overlap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance protocol must be followed for Embedded type Block working equipment?

<p>It must adhere to the maintenance schedule provided by the OEM's maintenance manual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does the rear section of the IBS start from?

<p>It starts from the LSS of the rear station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three conditions visually indicated for the Up and Down Lines by double line block instruments?

<p>Line Closed, Line Clear, Train On Line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operation must the Station Master perform before granting a 'Line Clear'?

<p>The Station Master must execute one or more definite moving operations on the instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What audible warning is to be provided when a train passes the Home Signal?

<p>An audible indicator to warn the receiving station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that 'Line Clear' receiving and granting mechanisms cannot operate simultaneously?

<p>This prevents conflicting signals which could lead to accidents or unsafe train movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dual purpose do the indicators provided for double line block instruments serve?

<p>They show both the current indicators and the operational conditions of the lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional feature is required for tokenless block instruments to facilitate shunting?

<p>A shunting key suitably interlocked with the Block instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of having visual and audible indicators for the Block instruments.

<p>They ensure timely alerting of train movements and conditions to prevent accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-cooperative type instruments differ in requirements from cooperative type instruments?

<p>Non-cooperative instruments must meet similar requirements but may include additional features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is suggested to prevent unintended out counts caused by food foil in axle counters?

<p>Implementing dual detection with staggering of coils is suggested to prevent unintended counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the Main and Redundant evaluators configured in the system?

<p>The Main evaluator (EV(M)) is connected to the main DPs, while the Redundant evaluator (EV(R)) is connected to the redundant DPs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surge protection devices in the connection of Coils/DPs to the Advanced Evaluation Board?

<p>Surge protection devices protect the Advanced Evaluation Board from voltage spikes that could damage the equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What redundancy measures are taken to ensure communication reliability among MSDACs?

<p>Two separate ethernet switches are provided for shared communication among the MSDACs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hot link feature between the COM-AdCs allow in case of a failure?

<p>The hot link feature permits uninterrupted track detection by allowing another board to take over without delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are two termination boxes with IP65 protection used for each Detection Point (DP)?

<p>The dual termination boxes enhance protection against environmental factors and improve reliability in data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the quadded cable play in the system's redundancy strategy?

<p>The quadded cable provides duplicated paths for signaling, ensuring communication continues if one path fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the evaluators connected to the common network, and what is the significance?

<p>The evaluators connect to a common network via ethernet ports and dedicated OFC, allowing for reliable data sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dual detection in track vacancy detection systems?

<p>To prevent failure in detection by providing redundancy for equipment and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the supervisory track section (DN-SPT) in the integrated block system.

<p>The DN-SPT is used for the second level of reset for the AS, IB, and BPAC sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a loaded rake movement affect the performance of single detection systems?

<p>It can cause axle counters to miscount due to wheels jumping over the coil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the defined boundaries of the IB track section in relation to the IB home signal?

<p>It starts from the foot of the IB home signal and extends to 400 meters ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the common failure mode experienced by both SSDAC and MSDAC during track detection.

<p>Both systems may enter a hang state requiring rebooting during long or to-and-fro movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the BPAC section in the integrated block system?

<p>It ensures block overlap by extending from the foot of the IB home signal to 180 meters ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue may arise from the light weight of the guard brake in the detection system?

<p>It increases the probability of the wheel jumping over the coil, leading to miscounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is dual detection favored over single detection in the context of safety?

<p>Dual detection offers increased reliability and reduces the risk of miscount due to environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Block Instruments, BPAC & IBS Working

  • General Requirements:

    • All block instruments must be robust and approved.
    • Suitable protective measures are needed on sections with induced AC voltages.
    • Instruments are normally used on physical conductors, but optical fiber cables may be used if necessary.
    • Lightning dischargers must be installed on all instruments.
    • Irregular operation prevention mechanisms must be in place.
    • Instruments must have locking and sealing facilities. Station Master and the technical staff must each have a key.
    • Unauthorized operation prevention is necessary (locks/devices).
    • Telephone instruments must be provided with block instruments.
    • An isolated power supply (battery or DC-DC converter) is needed for each line circuit.
    • Tokenless instruments are worked on metallic return circuits.
  • Special Requirements of Single Line Token Block Instruments:

    • Fixed indications: Line Closed (normal), Train Coming From (receiving station), Train Going To (sending station).
    • Current indicator to show incoming/outgoing line currents.
    • Operation: Cooperation of the station master from the other end is needed for granting Line Clear.
    • Line Closed: Instruments are restored to normal before further operations. Line Clear cannot be received and granted simultaneously.
    • Extraction of Token: Token extraction is only possible when the instrument is set to Train Going To, and the token can't be changed before the token is inserted.
  • Special Requirements of Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments:

    • Fixed indications: Train on Line (at both sending and receiving stations), in addition to those for token instruments.
    • Immunity from extraneous currents: A coded impulse/frequency modulated current system is needed.
    • Train going to/coming from: Station Master needs more steps for the operations (to set "Train Coming From", to set "Train Going To").
    • Train on Line: Automatic setting to Train on Line when a train enters, and staying in this position until the train leaves.
  • Special Requirements of Double Line Block Instruments:

    • Indicators for Up and Down Lines: Instruments must have separate indicators.
    • Current indicator: May also serve as a current indicator.
    • Operation before Granting or Receiving Line Clear: Specified operations on the instrument are needed.
    • Audible indicators for various warnings.
  • Non-Co-operative type Instruments:

    • Automatic "Train On Line": Instrument should automatically set to "Train On Line" when the train enters.
    • Audible Indicator: For warnings.
    • Shunting Keys: Two keys for authority for shunting.
    • Track Circuits/Axle Counters: For assuring the section is clear, and automatically setting the signal to 'ON'.
  • Special Requirements of Block Working in RE Area:

    • Only specified types are allowed (single line token, single line tokenless, block working with axle counter, etc.).
  • Media:

    • Block instruments can use special PVC cables, 4 or 6 quad jelly filled telecommunication cable, OFC, or radio.
    • Block telephones and bells use the phantom pair
    • When OFC is used, a Universal Fail Safe Block Interface (UFSBI).
  • Protective Devices:

    • Two chokes and a condenser are used with a surge arrestor.
    • Separate line battery or DC-DC converter for each instrument.
  • Earthing:

    • A separate earth for each instrument.
    • Earthing resistance shouldn't be more than 10 ohms.
  • Token Instruments Installation:

    • Arrangement for preventing wrong sections, and over-carried tokens.
    • Consecutive sections get configured with different tokens (ABCs, etc.).
  • Token Instruments Tests:

    • Polarities are checked.
    • Mechanical parts are checked for movement and jamming.
    • Commutator (switches) operation, which is important, is checked in block instruments
  • Block Instrument Maintenance:

    • Registers of instruments (type, serial number, location, manufacturer, installation date) tracked.
    • Overhauls and checks with tokens are done as necessary.
    • A "Token Balance Book" is used to track token movements.
    • Damaged tokens are reported.
  • Other maintenance instructions:

    • Thoroughly check various parts of the equipment, including indicators, contacts, relay armatures, and wiring.
    • Ensuring correct functioning and position of all parts like locks springs etc
  • Training:

    • Additional training might be required, depending on the type of equipment and the specific responsibilities of the training subject staff/ personnel
  • Communication:

    • Communication and telephone systems should be in good working order.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the regulations and requirements for block instruments, including safety measures and operational protocols. This quiz covers general and special requirements, focusing on the robust nature and licensing of instruments used in railway signalling systems.

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