Block Instruments and Safety Measures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the frequency at which a technician must check the maintenance of block instruments?

Fortnightly.

What condition must locks be in to prevent them from being forced?

Locks must be in a condition that they are not liable to be forced.

How should contacts be maintained if surfaces are pitted?

They should be cleaned with chamois leather and refurbished.

What must be ensured about the relay armatures?

<p>They must be free and return to their normal position when no current is flowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for terminal screws and lock nuts during maintenance checks?

<p>All must be kept tight and split pins opened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance should be performed on batteries as per the instructions?

<p>Batteries should be kept clean, with tight terminals free from dirt or corrosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must the block instrument telephone and components be in?

<p>They must be in good condition with no direct path for current flow between circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When block instruments are located in different contiguous Railway/Divisions, who is responsible for maintenance?

<p>Both instruments and their associated equipment shall be maintained by one agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an isolated power supply for block instruments?

<p>The isolated power supply is designated solely for the block instrument to ensure proper operation without interference from other circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the requirements for visual indications on the block instruments.

<p>The instruments must clearly show 'Line Closed' when normal and no train is present, 'Train Coming From' when line clear is given, and 'Train Going To' when line clear is received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional considerations must be taken when using Integrated Power Supplies (IPS) for block working?

<p>Isolated DC-DC converter modules must be utilized for each block separately when using IPS for block working.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the current indicator in block instruments.

<p>The current indicator shows the polarity of incoming and outgoing line currents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Station Master play in the operation of block instruments?

<p>The Station Master must perform specific actions to grant or obtain Line Clear, ensuring coordinated operation between stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How must the power supply housing for block instruments be handled according to the guidelines?

<p>If provided in the SM's Room, the power supply housing should be locked and sealed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hot standby feature in the block instrument system?

<p>The hot standby feature allows for continuous display and operation of block indications on both VDUs for reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of block instruments, why is the cooperation of the Station Master at the other end critical?

<p>Cooperation is necessary for operations, such as granting Line Clear for token release or acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for the instruments to be restored to 'normal' before carrying out a 'Train Going To' or 'Train Coming From' operation?

<p>Both instruments must be restored to normal, in accordance with the cooperative features indicated in para 18.1.2(c).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why 'Line Clear' receiving and granting mechanisms cannot operate simultaneously.

<p>It is to prevent any conflicting signals that could endanger train movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is required for restoring the instrument to 'Line Closed' after a train has arrived?

<p>The instrument set to 'Train Going To' must be the first one restored to 'Line Closed'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can a token be extracted from the instrument?

<p>A token can only be extracted when the instrument is set to 'Train Going To'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature does the token instrument have to prevent a token from being misused in adjacent sections?

<p>The instrument is installed to prevent a token from one block section being placed in an adjacent section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional engraving is required on the tokens of each section?

<p>Tokens must be engraved with the code name of the stations at both ends and a serial number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do single line tokenless block instruments ensure they work correctly despite outside electrical interference?

<p>They operate on a coded impulse/frequency modulated current system, making them immune to extraneous currents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fixed indication must be provided by the single line tokenless block instruments?

<p>They must provide means to indicate 'Train on Line' at both sending and receiving stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an automatic device in a Block section?

<p>To dispense with the need for manual operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two mechanisms should not operate simultaneously concerning 'Line Clear'?

<p>The mechanism for receiving and the mechanism for granting 'Line Clear'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two audible indicators required at the receiving station?

<p>When the train enters the block section and when it has passed the Home Signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three visual indications provided for Up and Down Lines.

<p>Line Closed, Line Clear, Train On Line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must the Station Master do before granting Line Clear?

<p>Perform one or more moving operations on the instrument along with working the bell or plunger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional warning is provided to the sending station?

<p>The warning when the train has passed the Last Stop Signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of current indicators in block instruments?

<p>To show the current status of the lines implementing Line Clear conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What special requirements are noted for Non-Co-operative type Instruments?

<p>They must also comply with the same requirements outlined for other Block Instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maintenance schedule designation for single line block instruments with push buttons?

<p>18-MS1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maintenance schedule corresponds to the analog block axle counter systems?

<p>18-MS4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What painting scheme color is used for the body of single line tokenless block instruments?

<p>Grey Enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the painting scheme, what color is specified for the woodwork of double line block instruments?

<p>Spirit Polish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the maintenance schedule code for double line lock and block instruments.

<p>18-MS2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drawing number for the IB hut layout plan?

<p>18-D1</p> Signup and view all the answers

For single line tokenless block instruments, what color is specified for the operating handle?

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance schedule is associated with tokenless block instruments of the handle type?

<p>18-MS5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IO-EXBs in signal relay communication?

<p>IO-EXBs facilitate the exchange of vital and non-vital signal relay status between two locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many vital I/Os can be exchanged in quad mode?

<p>In quad mode, 3 vital I/Os can be exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is exchanged in non-vital mode between two locations?

<p>In non-vital mode, 12 I/Os of non-vital information are exchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of IB signal relays during communication?

<p>The IB signal relay status must be repeated from the rear station to the IB location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'vital mode' in the context of IO-EXBs.

<p>'Vital mode' refers to the operational mode where critical information is exchanged via 3 I/Os.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many functional inputs and outputs are typically seen in quad mode?

<p>Quad mode generally includes a total of 3 inputs and 3 outputs for vital functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spare' indicate in the context of input and output functions?

<p>'Spare' indicates that those specific functions or connections are not in use or reserved for future use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the block instrument system, what characterizes the input and output functions?

<p>Input and output functions consist of various operational signals necessary for train control and safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum output function associated with single mode?

<p>The maximum output function associated with single mode is 7D HECR-B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of communication between IB locations and stations?

<p>A key feature is the exchange of both vital and non-vital indications to ensure operational efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific information must be included in the register of block instruments?

<p>The register must include the type of instrument, serial number, location, manufacturer, date of installation, date of last overhaul, and particulars of tokens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a token is found to be damaged?

<p>Damaged tokens should be removed, broken up, returned to Stores, and replaced with another token of the same number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required when a token is reported lost?

<p>A joint certificate must be issued by the supervisors of the Signal and Telecommunication and Operating Departments confirming the loss of the token.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must Sectional JE/SSE take a census of tokens in block sections?

<p>They must take a census at least once every six months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be displayed when a token is lost, according to the guidelines?

<p>Particulars of the lost token must be exhibited conspicuously near the relevant instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should all concerned parties be advised about damaged or removed tokens?

<p>All concerned should be informed about the removal and replacement of damaged tokens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What documentation is necessary for the entry of particulars of lost tokens into the records?

<p>The particulars of lost tokens must be recorded on Card No.S&amp;T/TL, as specified in Annexure: 18-A2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of damage necessitates the removal of a token from service?

<p>Tokens that are cracked, deformed, or worn smaller than the normal size must be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cables may be used for the working of block instruments?

<p>Special PVC insulated quads, aluminum sheathed cables, and jelly filled telecommunication cables, as well as OFC and radio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approved device should be installed in the relay room when using communication means other than quad cables?

<p>Universal Fail Safe Block Interface (UFSBI) of approved design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done when the distance between UFSBI and a block instrument exceeds 500 meters?

<p>Block filter, block bell, and telephone must be inserted in the cable pairs connecting them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the protective devices required alongside block instruments.

<p>Two chokes in series with a four terminal condenser and a surge arrestor across the condenser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power supply arrangements should be ensured for each block instrument?

<p>A separate line battery or DC-DC converter dedicated solely to block instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific arrangements are required for the grounding of block equipment?

<p>Separate earths for SPD and Block, with a common ring earth for SPDs of all Block equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is prior approval required when using block instruments not specified in the guidelines?

<p>To ensure that any new instruments meet safety and operational standards set by the Railway Board.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Block Bell play in the operation of block instruments?

<p>The Block Bell is operated through equipment of approved type to signal communication between stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Intermediate Block Signalling (IBS) in rail operations?

<p>To increase section capacity by dividing a long block section into a rear and advance section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is train entry into the rear section of a station controlled?

<p>It is controlled by the Last Stop Signal (LSS) of the rear station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Axle Counters or Track Circuits play in the Intermediate Block Signalling system?

<p>They monitor the track sections in both the rear and advance sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required at the IBS post to enable communication with the rear station?

<p>A Signal Post Telephone (SPT) or an approved type of communication device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What considerations are taken into account for staggered placement of IBS?

<p>Local conditions such as gradients, visibility of signals, and presence of neutral sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defined end point of the advance section in Intermediate Block Signalling?

<p>It ends at the home signal of the advance station, including the block overlap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance protocol must be followed for Embedded type Block working equipment?

<p>It must adhere to the maintenance schedule provided by the OEM's maintenance manual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does the rear section of the IBS start from?

<p>It starts from the LSS of the rear station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three conditions visually indicated for the Up and Down Lines by double line block instruments?

<p>Line Closed, Line Clear, Train On Line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operation must the Station Master perform before granting a 'Line Clear'?

<p>The Station Master must execute one or more definite moving operations on the instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What audible warning is to be provided when a train passes the Home Signal?

<p>An audible indicator to warn the receiving station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that 'Line Clear' receiving and granting mechanisms cannot operate simultaneously?

<p>This prevents conflicting signals which could lead to accidents or unsafe train movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dual purpose do the indicators provided for double line block instruments serve?

<p>They show both the current indicators and the operational conditions of the lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional feature is required for tokenless block instruments to facilitate shunting?

<p>A shunting key suitably interlocked with the Block instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of having visual and audible indicators for the Block instruments.

<p>They ensure timely alerting of train movements and conditions to prevent accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-cooperative type instruments differ in requirements from cooperative type instruments?

<p>Non-cooperative instruments must meet similar requirements but may include additional features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is suggested to prevent unintended out counts caused by food foil in axle counters?

<p>Implementing dual detection with staggering of coils is suggested to prevent unintended counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the Main and Redundant evaluators configured in the system?

<p>The Main evaluator (EV(M)) is connected to the main DPs, while the Redundant evaluator (EV(R)) is connected to the redundant DPs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surge protection devices in the connection of Coils/DPs to the Advanced Evaluation Board?

<p>Surge protection devices protect the Advanced Evaluation Board from voltage spikes that could damage the equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What redundancy measures are taken to ensure communication reliability among MSDACs?

<p>Two separate ethernet switches are provided for shared communication among the MSDACs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hot link feature between the COM-AdCs allow in case of a failure?

<p>The hot link feature permits uninterrupted track detection by allowing another board to take over without delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are two termination boxes with IP65 protection used for each Detection Point (DP)?

<p>The dual termination boxes enhance protection against environmental factors and improve reliability in data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the quadded cable play in the system's redundancy strategy?

<p>The quadded cable provides duplicated paths for signaling, ensuring communication continues if one path fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the evaluators connected to the common network, and what is the significance?

<p>The evaluators connect to a common network via ethernet ports and dedicated OFC, allowing for reliable data sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dual detection in track vacancy detection systems?

<p>To prevent failure in detection by providing redundancy for equipment and communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the supervisory track section (DN-SPT) in the integrated block system.

<p>The DN-SPT is used for the second level of reset for the AS, IB, and BPAC sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a loaded rake movement affect the performance of single detection systems?

<p>It can cause axle counters to miscount due to wheels jumping over the coil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the defined boundaries of the IB track section in relation to the IB home signal?

<p>It starts from the foot of the IB home signal and extends to 400 meters ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the common failure mode experienced by both SSDAC and MSDAC during track detection.

<p>Both systems may enter a hang state requiring rebooting during long or to-and-fro movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the BPAC section in the integrated block system?

<p>It ensures block overlap by extending from the foot of the IB home signal to 180 meters ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue may arise from the light weight of the guard brake in the detection system?

<p>It increases the probability of the wheel jumping over the coil, leading to miscounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is dual detection favored over single detection in the context of safety?

<p>Dual detection offers increased reliability and reduces the risk of miscount due to environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Isolated Power Supply

A separate power source (battery or DC-DC converter) for each block instrument, preventing power issues in other systems.

Tokenless Block Instruments

Block instruments that operate using physical conductors (wires) for signaling.

Metallic Return Circuits

Used for tokenless block instruments, these return signals and complete the circuit path

Embedded Block Working

Block working incorporated within electronic interlocking systems for block signaling.

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Block Indication Display

A display on a VDU (visual display unit) showing block status and train information in embedded block working systems.

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Fixed Indications (Line Closed)

Visual cues on block instruments showing normal operation, with no train in the section.

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Fixed Indications (Train Coming From)

Visual cue when the line is clear for a train to enter the section from an upstream station.

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Fixed Indications (Train Going To)

Visual cue on block instrument showing line clear for a train departing the section.

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Current Indicator

Device to show current polarity (direction) of incoming and outgoing signals.

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Line Clear Cooperation

Station master interaction required before granting or receiving line clear for token operations.

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Line Closed

A state of the instrument signaling that the block section is not in use and available for a train.

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Train Going To

Instrument setting used to initiate a train's movement.

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Line Clear

Signaling that a block section is free for train movement.

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Token Extraction

Removing a token from the instrument.

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Token Insertion

Placing the token into an instrument in the block section.

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Token Overcarriage

A situation where a token is carried beyond its intended destination.

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Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments

Block signaling system that doesn't require physical tokens to signal the block section status.

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Train on Line

Indicator signaling a train has entered a block section.

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Extraneous Currents

Unwanted electrical signals that can disrupt a signal system.

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Fortnightly Block Instrument Check

A twice-monthly inspection of block instruments to ensure proper function and safety.

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Lock Condition

Electrical or mechanical locks should be checked for security and freedom from forceability.

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Indicator Function

Indicators must function correctly and return to their normal positions when released.

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Contact Cleanliness

All contacts in the block instrument system must be clean and free of pitting.

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Spring Condition

Springs in block instruments should be in good condition and properly adjusted.

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Relay Armature Check

Relay armatures should freely return to their normal position when no current flows.

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Track Circuit Maintenance

Follow the procedures outlined in Chapter 17 of the SEM (System Engineering Manual) for track circuit maintenance.

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External Wiring Condition

All external wiring should be in good condition, free of joints, and well-soldered, properly insulated.

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Terminal Screw Tightening

Terminal screws, lock nuts, and locking screws must be kept tight and split pins are open.

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Battery Maintenance

Batteries should be kept clean, with tight terminals, and free from dirt or corrosion and maintained as per Chapter 16 of SEM.

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Lightning Protection

Ensuring lightning and power protection devices and their grounding systems are functional and in good condition.

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Block Instrument Telephone Condition

Block instruments' telephones, cords, and isolating devices should be in good operating condition.

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Receiver Diaphragm Check

Receiver diaphragms should be in their correct positioning, free from buckling, compared to the pole pieces.

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Receiver Earpiece Check

Receiver earpieces should fit correctly and be tightly screwed.

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Multi-Agency Maintenance

If block instruments are in different railway/divisional sections, they must be maintained by a single agency.

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Automatic Block Closing Device

A device that automatically closes a block section when a train is not present.

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Line Clear Mechanism

Mechanism to grant and receive authorization for a train to travel through a block section.

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Tokenless Block Instrument

Block instruments that do not use physical tokens for train authorization but instead have audible indicators for warning.

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Audible indicators for receiving trains

Alarm signals used in tokenless block instruments when a train enters or exits the section.

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Shunting Key

Key on the block instrument allowing shunting operations between signals.

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Up and Down Line Indicators

Separate visual displays for the up and down lines, showing whether the lines are closed, clear, or occupied.

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Current Indicator

Indicator showing current status of the lines, often integrated with the Up/Down line indicators.

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Granting/Receiving Line Clear Operations

Specific actions required by the station master on the instrument before authorizing or receiving train access.

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Audible Indicator for Home Signal

Alarm signals used to warn the receiving station when a train passes the Home Signal.

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Audible Indicator for Last Stop Signal

Alarm signals used to warn the sending station when a train passes the Last Stop Signal.

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Non-Co-operative Instruments

Block instruments which don't cooperate with other systems.

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IO-EXBs

IO-EXBs are used to exchange signaling information between locations in a railway system.

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Quad Mode

A communication mode using IO-EXBs to exchange three vital I/Os.

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Single Mode

Communication mode using IO-EXBs to exchange twelve non-vital I/Os

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Vital Relays

Relays handling crucial signalling information in a railway track section.

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IB location

A railway location where important signalling data is gathered and processed.

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AXR2-C1, AXR2-C3

These represent different configurations for signaling information exchange in a railway location using BP-EXB4.

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BP-EXB4

A vital device in a railway location for communication. It facilitates exchange between different locations.

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IBS-NW (DN)

Represents the network for signalling information on the down track.

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NW-IBS (DN)

Down track signalling information network.

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18-MS1

Maintenance Schedule for Block Instruments (Single Line, Double Line, Push Button).

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18-MS2

Maintenance Schedule for Block Instrument – Double Line (Lock & Block).

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18-MS3

Maintenance Schedule for Tokenless Block Instrument - Single Line (Push Button type).

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18-MS4

Maintenance Schedule for Analog Block Axle Counter Systems (BPAC): CEL MAKE.

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18-MS5

Maintenance Schedule for Tokenless Block Instrument - Single Line (Handle Type).

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18-MS6

Maintenance Schedule of Universal Fail-Safe Block Interface (UFSBI).

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18-D1

IB Hut Layout Plan (Double line/Single line).

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18-D2

IB Signalling with MSDAC & OFC (Double line) - (Sheets-2).

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18-D3

IB Signalling with MSDAC & OFC (Single line) - (Sheets-2).

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18-D4

Filter Unit for Block Circuits.

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18-D5

Protective devices for AC Electrified Area of Neale’s ‘A’ Type Token Instrument - Earth Return.

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18-D6

Protective devices for AC Electrified Area of Neale’s ‘A’ Type Token Instrument - Metallic Return.

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18-D7

Double line Block working with Protective Device for AC Electrified Area.

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Painting Scheme - Block Signalling Equipment

Standard colors for block signalling equipment.

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Single Line Ball Token/Tablet Token Block Instruments

Block instruments using physical tokens (like balls or tablets).

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Single Line Tokenless Block Instrument (Handle Type)

Block instrument without tokens using a handle.

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Single Line Tokenless Block Instrument (Push Button Type)

A touch-based type of instrument for single-line block signals.

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Double Line Block Instruments

Block instruments designed for double track railway routes.

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Block Instrument Register

A record of block instruments, including type, serial number, location, manufacturer, installation date, last overhaul, and token details (working, removed, lost, replaced).

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Token Census

A count of tokens in each block section, taken at least every six months, and documented for block instrument registers and signal history books.

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Damaged Token Actions

Damaged tokens (cracked, deformed, worn below normal size) are removed, broken down, and returned to stores, with a notification system to all concerned.

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Lost Token Procedure

Lost tokens require a joint certificate from departments, followed by a circular detailing the lost token, canceling it, and publishing details in the railway's gazette; lost token particulars should be clearly displayed near the instrument.

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Embedded Block Working

Block working integrated into electronic interlocking systems for controlling train movement.

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Intermediate Block Signalling (IBS)

An arrangement used to increase section capacity on longer railway tracks by dividing the track into sections.

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Rear Section (IBS)

The section of the track starting from the rear station's Line Side Signal (LSS) and ending at the IBS.

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Advance Section (IBS)

The section of the track starting from the IBS and ending at the home signal of the advance station.

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Block Signal Levels

Signal strength at designated points in electronic equipment must adhere to the prescribed limits.

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IBS Post Communication

A Signal Post Telephone (SPT) or another appropriate communication system is needed to connect the IBS post to the rear station.

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Embedded System Maintenance

Maintenance of embedded block working should follow the schedules for Electronic Interlocking and VDUs provided by manufacturers.

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Connected Equipment

All equipment related to Electronic Interlocking and Block Working must function correctly.

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Double Line Block Instrument

A signalling system for two railway tracks using specific instruments.

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Block working with Axle Counter

A method of controlling train movements using axle counters on block instruments.

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Block Proving by Axle Counter

Validating the accuracy of block instrument data using an axle counter.

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Block working directly from EI

Executing block operations directly from an Electronic interlocking (EI) system.

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Special PVC insulated quads

Insulated cable used in block instruments, crucial for signalling.

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Block Telephone and Block Bell circuits

Telephone and bell systems specifically for sending block signals.

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Universal Fail Safe Block Interface (UFSBI)

A safety device used in block instruments for reliable communication.

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Protective Devices

Devices like chokes and surge arrestors used to safeguard block instruments.

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Separate Line Battery

A dedicated battery for block instruments, preventing interference with other systems.

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Automatic Block Closing Device

A device that automatically closes a block section when a train is not present.

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Line Clear Mechanism

Mechanism to grant and receive authorization for a train to travel through a block section.

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Tokenless Block Instrument

Block instruments that do not use physical tokens for train authorization but instead have audible indicators for warning trains.

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Audible indicators for receiving trains

Alarm signals used in tokenless block instruments when a train enters or exits the section.

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Shunting Key

Key on the block instrument allowing shunting operations between signals.

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Up and Down Line Indicators

Separate visual displays for the up and down lines, showing whether the lines are closed, clear, or occupied.

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Current Indicator

Indicator showing current status of the lines, often integrated with the Up/Down line indicators.

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Granting/Receiving Line Clear Operations

Specific actions required by the station master on the instrument before authorizing or receiving train access.

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Audible Indicator for Home Signal

Alarm signals used to warn the receiving station when a train passes the Home Signal.

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Audible Indicator for Last Stop Signal

Alarm signals used to warn the sending station when a train passes the Last Stop Signal.

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Non-Co-operative Instruments

Block instruments which don't cooperate with other systems.

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Track Section Boundaries

The defined areas along a railway track, segmented for signaling purposes (e.g., AS, IB, BPAC).

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Supervisory Track Section (DN-SPT)

A track section covering multiple (AS, IB, BPAC) track sections which allows second-level reset.

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Dual Detection

Using redundant equipment and communication media to improve system reliability, preventing failures in signaling systems.

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MSDAC

A Multi-Sensor Axle Counter, a device used to count axles of trains passing over a specific section of the track.

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Single Axle Detection

A system used to detect the passage of a single train axle, using sensors.

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Miscount in MSDAC

A problem where the MSDAC system incorrectly counts axles, leading to errors in the overall train count.

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Loaded Rake Movement

The movement of a heavily laden train over the sensors, increasing the chance of miscounting axles.

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Wheel Jumping

A situation where the train wheels move over the sensor coils, potentially causing faulty axle counts and signaling issues.

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To and Fro Movement

A train's wheel movement over the sensor causing errors and potential system hang.

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System Hang

A situation where the system encounters prolonged inoperability due to faulty sensor counts and needs to be restarted.

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Typical IB Section

An area consisting of three track sections (AS, IB, and BPAC) for optimal block signaling.

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Unintended Count Due to Food Foil

Aluminum food foil contacting the Rx coil can cause incorrect axle counter readings (missing or extra counts).

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Dual Detection

Using two detectors (e.g., coils) on opposite sides of the track to improve accuracy and reliability.

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Staggering of Coils

Placing the detectors at different points on the tracks to minimize errors related to foil or other obstructions.

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Automatic Reset Feature

A feature that automatically corrects counting errors (like those due to foil), ensuring reliable and accurate data collection.

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Redundancy of MSDAC Components

Duplicating critical MSDAC parts (power supply, communication, motherboard, relay driver) and communication lines to prevent system failure if one component malfunctions.

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Dual Detection at Wheel Sensor Level

Using two detectors (DPs) on each rail in each traffic direction to improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection system.

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Two Separate TLJBs

Providing two dedicated termination boxes (TLJBs) for each detector (DP) to enhance the overall safety and reliability.

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Duplicated 6 Quad Cable

Providing two separate communication paths for the 6 quad cable to prevent signal loss or interruption in communication between the relay hut and location box.

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Advanced Evaluation Board (AEB)

A board that processes data received from the detectors (coils/DPs).

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Main and Redundant Evaluators (M&R EVs)

Two separate evaluation units that handle data from detectors, with one acting as a backup in case of a failure.

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Hot Linking of COM-AdCs

Connecting the COM-AdCs from both main and backup evaluators so that a failure in one doesn't disrupt track detection.

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Ethernet Switches (MSDACs)

Two switches for shared communication between MSDACs at different locations, with one switch using dedicated fiber optics and the other a quad cable.

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Study Notes

Block Instruments, BPAC & IBS Working

  • General Requirements:

    • All block instruments must be robust and approved.
    • Suitable protective measures are needed on sections with induced AC voltages.
    • Instruments are normally used on physical conductors, but optical fiber cables may be used if necessary.
    • Lightning dischargers must be installed on all instruments.
    • Irregular operation prevention mechanisms must be in place.
    • Instruments must have locking and sealing facilities. Station Master and the technical staff must each have a key.
    • Unauthorized operation prevention is necessary (locks/devices).
    • Telephone instruments must be provided with block instruments.
    • An isolated power supply (battery or DC-DC converter) is needed for each line circuit.
    • Tokenless instruments are worked on metallic return circuits.

  • Special Requirements of Single Line Token Block Instruments:

    • Fixed indications: Line Closed (normal), Train Coming From (receiving station), Train Going To (sending station).
    • Current indicator to show incoming/outgoing line currents.
    • Operation: Cooperation of the station master from the other end is needed for granting Line Clear.
    • Line Closed: Instruments are restored to normal before further operations. Line Clear cannot be received and granted simultaneously.
    • Extraction of Token: Token extraction is only possible when the instrument is set to Train Going To, and the token can't be changed before the token is inserted.

  • Special Requirements of Single Line Tokenless Block Instruments:

    • Fixed indications: Train on Line (at both sending and receiving stations), in addition to those for token instruments.
    • Immunity from extraneous currents: A coded impulse/frequency modulated current system is needed.
    • Train going to/coming from: Station Master needs more steps for the operations (to set "Train Coming From", to set "Train Going To").
    • Train on Line: Automatic setting to Train on Line when a train enters, and staying in this position until the train leaves.

  • Special Requirements of Double Line Block Instruments:

    • Indicators for Up and Down Lines: Instruments must have separate indicators.
    • Current indicator: May also serve as a current indicator.
    • Operation before Granting or Receiving Line Clear: Specified operations on the instrument are needed.
    • Audible indicators for various warnings.

  • Non-Co-operative type Instruments:

    • Automatic "Train On Line": Instrument should automatically set to "Train On Line" when the train enters.
    • Audible Indicator: For warnings.
    • Shunting Keys: Two keys for authority for shunting.
    • Track Circuits/Axle Counters: For assuring the section is clear, and automatically setting the signal to 'ON'.

  • Special Requirements of Block Working in RE Area:

    • Only specified types are allowed (single line token, single line tokenless, block working with axle counter, etc.).

  • Media:

    • Block instruments can use special PVC cables, 4 or 6 quad jelly filled telecommunication cable, OFC, or radio.
    • Block telephones and bells use the phantom pair
    • When OFC is used, a Universal Fail Safe Block Interface (UFSBI).

  • Protective Devices:

    • Two chokes and a condenser are used with a surge arrestor.
    • Separate line battery or DC-DC converter for each instrument.

  • Earthing:

    • A separate earth for each instrument.
    • Earthing resistance shouldn't be more than 10 ohms.

  • Token Instruments Installation:

    • Arrangement for preventing wrong sections, and over-carried tokens.
    • Consecutive sections get configured with different tokens (ABCs, etc.).

  • Token Instruments Tests:

    • Polarities are checked.
    • Mechanical parts are checked for movement and jamming.
    • Commutator (switches) operation, which is important, is checked in block instruments

  • Block Instrument Maintenance:

    • Registers of instruments (type, serial number, location, manufacturer, installation date) tracked.
    • Overhauls and checks with tokens are done as necessary.
    • A "Token Balance Book" is used to track token movements.
    • Damaged tokens are reported.

  • Other maintenance instructions:

    • Thoroughly check various parts of the equipment, including indicators, contacts, relay armatures, and wiring.
    • Ensuring correct functioning and position of all parts like locks springs etc

  • Training:

    • Additional training might be required, depending on the type of equipment and the specific responsibilities of the training subject staff/ personnel

  • Communication:

    • Communication and telephone systems should be in good working order.

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Chapter 18: Block Instruments, BPAC & IBS Working PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the regulations and requirements for block instruments, including safety measures and operational protocols. This quiz covers general and special requirements, focusing on the robust nature and licensing of instruments used in railway signalling systems.

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