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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?

  • Feelings of worthlessness
  • Appetite and sleep changes
  • Abnormally elevated mood (correct)
  • Irritability and agitation

What characterizes bipolar disorder?

  • Alternating episodes of mania and depression (correct)
  • Only depressive episodes
  • A split personality
  • Persistent anxiety without mood changes

What is a prominent symptom of mania?

  • Excessive sleeping
  • Feeling of hopelessness
  • Decreased need for sleep (correct)
  • Persistent sadness

Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia?

<p>Paranoid type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'flat affect' refer to in schizophrenia?

<p>Reduced emotional expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is NOT commonly used in the treatment of mood disorders?

<p>Transference therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hallucinations is most common in schizophrenia?

<p>Auditory hallucinations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the residual type of schizophrenia?

<p>Absence of prominent symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines panic disorder?

<p>Sudden episodes of intense fear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of specific phobia?

<p>Fear of snakes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of agoraphobia?

<p>Avoidance of situations where escape is difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is commonly used for anxiety disorders?

<p>Behavior therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by prolonged sadness and less pleasure in activities?

<p>Major Depressive Disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can develop after experiencing multiple panic attacks?

<p>Panic disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a social phobia?

<p>Fear of being scrutinized in social situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of treatments is effective for anxiety disorders?

<p>Psychotherapy and behavior therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the study of the origin, development, and manifestation of mental or behavioral disorders?

<p>Psychopathology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which edition of the DSM is referenced in the content?

<p>DSM-V-TR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

<p>Excessive worry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anxiety disorders?

<p>Elevated mood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization publishes the DSM?

<p>American Psychiatric Association (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical symptom experienced during anxiety?

<p>Dry mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety disorders fall under which category of illnesses?

<p>Mental Illnesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of mental disorders according to their definition?

<p>Negatively impacts life areas and causes distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common treatment method for schizophrenia?

<p>Medication (antipsychotic) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

<p>Pattern of disregard for the rights of others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorder is characterized by instability in self-image?

<p>Borderline Personality Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with which personality disorder often exhibit a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others?

<p>Paranoid Personality Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining trait of Avoidant Personality Disorder?

<p>Social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a clinging behavior and an excessive need to be taken care of?

<p>Dependent Personality Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorder is linked to a restricted range of emotional expression?

<p>Schizoid Personality Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common feature do personality disorders share?

<p>Enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Dissociative Identity Disorder?

<p>Two or more distinct identities may dominate the person's behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is NOT commonly used for Eating Disorders?

<p>Electroconvulsive therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Continued dieting despite being underweight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for Dissociative Disorders?

<p>Psychotherapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines Depersonalization Disorder?

<p>Recurrent feelings of detachment from mental processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Substance Abuse?

<p>Strict adherence to dietary restrictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common procedure followed by individuals with Bulimia Nervosa after binge eating?

<p>Excessive exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emotional state associated with Dissociative Amnesia?

<p>Blocking out traumatic personal information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychopathology

The study of the causes, development, and expression of mental or behavioral disorders.

Mental Disorder

A pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that affect several life areas and/or cause distress for the individual.

DSM-V-TR

A widely used diagnostic manual for classifying mental disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

Mental illnesses causing excessive worry, with both physical and psychological symptoms.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A constant state of nervous tension, worry, and autonomic arousal.

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Symptoms of GAD(Generalized Anxiety Disorder)

Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, and significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

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Anxiety

A feeling of worry or nervousness.

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Mild Anxiety vs. Excessive Anxiety

Difference in the level of anxiety and impact on daily life.

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Panic Disorder

Sudden, intense fear. Characterized by panic attacks and fear of future attacks, leading to avoidance of certain situations.

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Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations.

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Agoraphobia

Fear of places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable (if a panic attack occurs).

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Anxiety Disorders Treatment

Combination of medication, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and psychotherapy.

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Mood Disorders

Characterized by abnormal mood fluctuations, including depression and elevated moods.

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Major Depressive Disorder

Prolonged sadness, unexplained crying, and diminished enjoyment in activities.

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Specific Phobias

Intense, irrational fears focused on particular things (animals, heights, water, etc.).

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Social Phobias

Intense, irrational fears related to social situations, fear of scrutiny, embarrassment or humiliation.

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Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression (low mood) and mania (abnormally elevated mood and energy).

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Mania

A distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, accompanied by increased energy and activity.

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Treatment for Mood Disorders

Approaches to managing mood disorders, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.

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Schizophrenia

A chronic mental illness involving disturbances in thinking, perception, mood, and behavior, characterized by a distorted perception of reality.

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Delusions

False beliefs firmly held despite evidence to the contrary, often found in schizophrenia.

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Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of external stimuli, often auditory, visual, or olfactory.

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Types of Schizophrenia

Different classifications of schizophrenia based on prominent symptoms, including paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and residual types.

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Personality Disorders

Mental health conditions characterized by inflexible and unhealthy personality traits that cause significant distress and impairment in daily life.

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Dissociative Disorders

Mental health conditions where a person experiences a detachment from their thoughts, emotions, identity, or surroundings.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

A condition where a person has two or more distinct identities or personalities that take control of their behavior.

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Dissociative Amnesia

A loss of personal information, often related to a traumatic event, due to dissociation.

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Depersonalization Disorder

A condition where a person feels detached from their own thoughts, feelings, and body, like watching themselves from the outside.

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Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder where a person severely restricts their diet, leading to a significantly low body weight.

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Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder involving recurrent cycles of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting or excessive exercise.

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Substance Abuse Disorder

A pattern of substance use that leads to significant problems with functioning, relationships, and physical health.

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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

A type of schizophrenia where the person experiences delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior, but doesn't fit the criteria for other schizophrenia subtypes.

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Schizophrenia Treatment

Treating schizophrenia involves a multi-faceted approach that often includes medication (antipsychotics), behavior therapy, family therapy, and case management.

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Paranoid Personality Disorder

Marked by a pattern of distrust and suspicion toward others, often interpreting their intentions as malicious. Individuals with this disorder frequently feel threatened and are wary of being taken advantage of.

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Schizoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by a detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. Individuals with this disorder often appear aloof, indifferent, and lack interest in social interactions.

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Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by significant discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behavior. Individuals may experience odd beliefs, magical thinking, and unusual perceptual experiences.

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

Marked by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Individuals with this disorder typically exhibit a lack of empathy, remorse, and responsibility, often engaging in deceitfulness, impulsivity, and aggression.

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Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. Individuals with this disorder often experience intense mood swings, impulsivity, self-harm, and fear of abandonment.

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Study Notes

Lecture Objectives

  • Mental disorders are defined and categorized.
  • The DSM-V is a widely used diagnostic tool.
  • Anxiety, mood, psychotic, personality, dissociative, eating, and substance use disorders are covered.
  • Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders, encompassing origins, development, and manifestations.

Psychopathology

  • Psychopathology examines the roots, growth, and outward displays of mental illnesses.
  • A mental disorder involves recurring behavioral or psychological symptoms impacting various life areas and causing distress.

DSM-V-TR (2022)

  • The DSM-V-TR is a diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.
  • It's a common system for classifying mental disorders.

Anxiety Disorders

  • Anxiety disorders comprise various mental illnesses causing excessive worry and concern.
  • Anxiety exhibits physical symptoms (like dry mouth, diarrhea) and psychological ones (worry, dread).
  • Mild anxiety is distinct from debilitating anxiety.

Anxiety Disorders: Specifics

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Ongoing state of anxiety, tension, and autonomic arousal.
  • Panic Disorder: Sudden and extreme episodes of fear, often with physical manifestations.
  • Phobias: Intense and irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations.
  • Specific Phobias focus on particular items (e.g., spiders, heights), and social phobias concern social interactions.
  • Agoraphobia: Fear of situations where escape might be difficult.

Anxiety Disorders: Treatment

  • Methods to address anxiety disorders include medication, behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and psychotherapy.

Mood Disorders

  • Mood disorders involve significant shifts in mood, ranging from depressive states to elevated mood episodes (mania).
  • Major Depressive Disorder: Prolonged sadness, loss of interest in activities, and other distressing symptoms.
  • Bipolar Disorder: Alternating periods of depression and elevated mood (mania). Mania features exaggerated highs, reduced need for sleep, and impulsive behaviors.

Mood Disorders: Treatment

  • Medication, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, and insight-oriented therapy are employed to manage mood disorders.

Psychotic Disorders

  • Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder marked by distorted thinking, emotions, and behaviors, often including hallucinations and delusions.
  • Symptoms include false beliefs (delusions), sensory distortions (hallucinations), and difficulties in everyday functioning.
  • Schizophrenia encompasses various subtypes, such as paranoid, disorganized, and catatonic types.

Psychotic Disorders: Treatment

  • Treatment of schizophrenia commonly involves medication (antipsychotics), behavioral therapy, family therapy, and case management.

Personality Disorders

  • Personality disorders involve enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect social interactions and cause distress.
  • Paranoid personality disorder: Suspiciousness and distrust of others.
  • Schizoid personality disorder: Detachment from social relationships and a restricted emotional range.
  • Schizotypal personality disorder: Social and interpersonal difficulties, often with unusual perceptual experiences.
  • Antisocial personality disorder: Disregard for the rights of others and rules.
  • Borderline personality disorder: Instability in relationships, self-image, and mood, coupled with impulsivity.
  • Histrionic personality disorder: Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.
  • Narcissistic personality disorder: Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
  • Avoidant personality disorder: Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
  • Dependent personality disorder: Submissive and clinging behavior, excessive need to be taken care of.

Personality Disorders: Treatment

  • Treatment options include medication and psychotherapy.

Dissociative Disorders

  • Dissociative disorders are characterized by a disconnect from mental/emotional processes, consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.
  • Dissociative Amnesia: Loss of memory for significant personal information.
  • Dissociative Identity disorder: Presence of two or more distinct personalities manifesting to the detriment of the individual.
  • Depersonalization disorder: Recurring detachment from one's mental processes or body.

Dissociative Disorders: Treatment

  • Treatment typically involves medication and psychotherapy.

Eating Disorders

  • Anorexia nervosa: Extreme food restriction leading to significant weight loss and an overwhelming fear of gaining weight.
  • Bulimia nervosa: Episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (vomiting, using laxatives) or excessive exercise.

Eating Disorders: Treatment

  • Treatment options include support groups, nutrition counseling, psychiatric medication, family-based therapy, and inpatient or residential care.

Substance Abuse Disorders

  • Substance abuse involves problematic patterns of substance use that negatively impact personal life and well being.
  • Substance use disorders include patterns of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

Substance Abuse Disorders: Treatment

  • Interventions include support groups, medications, insight-oriented therapies, and potential hospitalization.

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