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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression?
What characterizes bipolar disorder?
What characterizes bipolar disorder?
What is a prominent symptom of mania?
What is a prominent symptom of mania?
Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia?
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What does the term 'flat affect' refer to in schizophrenia?
What does the term 'flat affect' refer to in schizophrenia?
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What type of therapy is NOT commonly used in the treatment of mood disorders?
What type of therapy is NOT commonly used in the treatment of mood disorders?
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Which of the following hallucinations is most common in schizophrenia?
Which of the following hallucinations is most common in schizophrenia?
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What distinguishes the residual type of schizophrenia?
What distinguishes the residual type of schizophrenia?
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What defines panic disorder?
What defines panic disorder?
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Which of the following is a type of specific phobia?
Which of the following is a type of specific phobia?
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What is a common characteristic of agoraphobia?
What is a common characteristic of agoraphobia?
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Which treatment method is commonly used for anxiety disorders?
Which treatment method is commonly used for anxiety disorders?
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Which disorder is characterized by prolonged sadness and less pleasure in activities?
Which disorder is characterized by prolonged sadness and less pleasure in activities?
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What can develop after experiencing multiple panic attacks?
What can develop after experiencing multiple panic attacks?
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Which of the following describes a social phobia?
Which of the following describes a social phobia?
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Which combination of treatments is effective for anxiety disorders?
Which combination of treatments is effective for anxiety disorders?
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What term describes the study of the origin, development, and manifestation of mental or behavioral disorders?
What term describes the study of the origin, development, and manifestation of mental or behavioral disorders?
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Which edition of the DSM is referenced in the content?
Which edition of the DSM is referenced in the content?
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What is a characteristic symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
What is a characteristic symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anxiety disorders?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anxiety disorders?
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Which organization publishes the DSM?
Which organization publishes the DSM?
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What is a common physical symptom experienced during anxiety?
What is a common physical symptom experienced during anxiety?
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Anxiety disorders fall under which category of illnesses?
Anxiety disorders fall under which category of illnesses?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of mental disorders according to their definition?
Which of the following best describes the impact of mental disorders according to their definition?
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Which of the following is a common treatment method for schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a common treatment method for schizophrenia?
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What is a key characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
What is a key characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
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Which personality disorder is characterized by instability in self-image?
Which personality disorder is characterized by instability in self-image?
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Individuals with which personality disorder often exhibit a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others?
Individuals with which personality disorder often exhibit a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others?
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What is a defining trait of Avoidant Personality Disorder?
What is a defining trait of Avoidant Personality Disorder?
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Which of the following disorders is characterized by a clinging behavior and an excessive need to be taken care of?
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a clinging behavior and an excessive need to be taken care of?
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Which personality disorder is linked to a restricted range of emotional expression?
Which personality disorder is linked to a restricted range of emotional expression?
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What common feature do personality disorders share?
What common feature do personality disorders share?
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What characterizes Dissociative Identity Disorder?
What characterizes Dissociative Identity Disorder?
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Which treatment method is NOT commonly used for Eating Disorders?
Which treatment method is NOT commonly used for Eating Disorders?
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What is a common symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?
What is a common symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?
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Which of the following is a treatment option for Dissociative Disorders?
Which of the following is a treatment option for Dissociative Disorders?
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What defines Depersonalization Disorder?
What defines Depersonalization Disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Substance Abuse?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Substance Abuse?
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What is a common procedure followed by individuals with Bulimia Nervosa after binge eating?
What is a common procedure followed by individuals with Bulimia Nervosa after binge eating?
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What is the main emotional state associated with Dissociative Amnesia?
What is the main emotional state associated with Dissociative Amnesia?
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Study Notes
Lecture Objectives
- Mental disorders are defined and categorized.
- The DSM-V is a widely used diagnostic tool.
- Anxiety, mood, psychotic, personality, dissociative, eating, and substance use disorders are covered.
- Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders, encompassing origins, development, and manifestations.
Psychopathology
- Psychopathology examines the roots, growth, and outward displays of mental illnesses.
- A mental disorder involves recurring behavioral or psychological symptoms impacting various life areas and causing distress.
DSM-V-TR (2022)
- The DSM-V-TR is a diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association.
- It's a common system for classifying mental disorders.
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders comprise various mental illnesses causing excessive worry and concern.
- Anxiety exhibits physical symptoms (like dry mouth, diarrhea) and psychological ones (worry, dread).
- Mild anxiety is distinct from debilitating anxiety.
Anxiety Disorders: Specifics
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Ongoing state of anxiety, tension, and autonomic arousal.
- Panic Disorder: Sudden and extreme episodes of fear, often with physical manifestations.
- Phobias: Intense and irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations.
- Specific Phobias focus on particular items (e.g., spiders, heights), and social phobias concern social interactions.
- Agoraphobia: Fear of situations where escape might be difficult.
Anxiety Disorders: Treatment
- Methods to address anxiety disorders include medication, behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and psychotherapy.
Mood Disorders
- Mood disorders involve significant shifts in mood, ranging from depressive states to elevated mood episodes (mania).
- Major Depressive Disorder: Prolonged sadness, loss of interest in activities, and other distressing symptoms.
- Bipolar Disorder: Alternating periods of depression and elevated mood (mania). Mania features exaggerated highs, reduced need for sleep, and impulsive behaviors.
Mood Disorders: Treatment
- Medication, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, and insight-oriented therapy are employed to manage mood disorders.
Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder marked by distorted thinking, emotions, and behaviors, often including hallucinations and delusions.
- Symptoms include false beliefs (delusions), sensory distortions (hallucinations), and difficulties in everyday functioning.
- Schizophrenia encompasses various subtypes, such as paranoid, disorganized, and catatonic types.
Psychotic Disorders: Treatment
- Treatment of schizophrenia commonly involves medication (antipsychotics), behavioral therapy, family therapy, and case management.
Personality Disorders
- Personality disorders involve enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and inner experiences that affect social interactions and cause distress.
- Paranoid personality disorder: Suspiciousness and distrust of others.
- Schizoid personality disorder: Detachment from social relationships and a restricted emotional range.
- Schizotypal personality disorder: Social and interpersonal difficulties, often with unusual perceptual experiences.
- Antisocial personality disorder: Disregard for the rights of others and rules.
- Borderline personality disorder: Instability in relationships, self-image, and mood, coupled with impulsivity.
- Histrionic personality disorder: Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.
- Narcissistic personality disorder: Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
- Avoidant personality disorder: Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
- Dependent personality disorder: Submissive and clinging behavior, excessive need to be taken care of.
Personality Disorders: Treatment
- Treatment options include medication and psychotherapy.
Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative disorders are characterized by a disconnect from mental/emotional processes, consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.
- Dissociative Amnesia: Loss of memory for significant personal information.
- Dissociative Identity disorder: Presence of two or more distinct personalities manifesting to the detriment of the individual.
- Depersonalization disorder: Recurring detachment from one's mental processes or body.
Dissociative Disorders: Treatment
- Treatment typically involves medication and psychotherapy.
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia nervosa: Extreme food restriction leading to significant weight loss and an overwhelming fear of gaining weight.
- Bulimia nervosa: Episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (vomiting, using laxatives) or excessive exercise.
Eating Disorders: Treatment
- Treatment options include support groups, nutrition counseling, psychiatric medication, family-based therapy, and inpatient or residential care.
Substance Abuse Disorders
- Substance abuse involves problematic patterns of substance use that negatively impact personal life and well being.
- Substance use disorders include patterns of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Substance Abuse Disorders: Treatment
- Interventions include support groups, medications, insight-oriented therapies, and potential hospitalization.
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