Bleeding Kansas and Dred Scott Case Overview

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What was one significant result of the confrontation between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas?

The creation of a new political party focused on abolition.

The eventual admission of Kansas as a free state.

The initiation of a guerrilla war that resulted in many deaths. (correct)

The establishment of a stable government in Kansas.

Who was John Brown and what role did he play in Kansas during the conflict?

A politician who supported the proslavery legislature.

A military leader of the Kansas Territory's government forces.

An abolitionist who led violent retaliations against proslavery settlers. (correct)

A journalist who documented the events in Kansas.

Which organization dispatched free-soilers to Kansas to oppose proslavery influences?

The Kansas Territorial Legislature.

The Abolitionist Coalition.

The New England Emigrant Aid Society. (correct)

The Republican Party.

What act did Lincoln sign to authorize the issue of paper money during the Civil War?

Legal Tender Act Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable difference in revenue generation between the Union and the Confederacy?

Union generated a higher percentage from taxes Signup and view all the answers

What action did John Brown take at Harpers Ferry?

He attempted to steal weapons to arm slaves. Signup and view all the answers

What did transcendentalist reformers think of John Brown after his raid?

They viewed him as a martyr. Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the Confederacy to enact the first conscription law in American history in April 1862?

The increasing demand for soldiers due to rising casualties Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a criticism of the Confederate conscription law?

It exempted certain occupations and wealthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

What was one major supply issue faced by the Confederate army during the Civil War?

Challenges in providing food and clothing to troops Signup and view all the answers

Which law allowed the Confederate army to take food from farmers at prescribed prices?

The Impressment Act Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did the Union face when trying to recruit soldiers?

Widespread opposition to the Union's draft and conscription laws Signup and view all the answers

What provision did the Enrollment Act of 1863 include to allow individuals to evade the draft?

Paying a fee or hiring a substitute Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary funding sources the Confederacy initially relied on for the war effort?

Sales of war bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which act was introduced to improve the Union's revenue by taxing citizens?

The Income Tax Act Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason southern supply problems persisted during the Civil War?

Disrepair and capture of railroads Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Confederacy offering exemptions in their conscription law?

To maintain the support of wealthy landowners Signup and view all the answers

How did the Confederate army address its early scarcity of munitions?

By increasing reliance on imported supplies from Europe Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Union soldiers were draftees or substitutes according to the Enrollment Act?

8% Signup and view all the answers

What statement accurately reflects the sentiment around the Confederate draft?

It was viewed as a government attack on individual liberties. Signup and view all the answers

What type of law was the 20-Negro law and what purpose did it serve?

It exempted wealthy slave owners from serving Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary action taken by Dr. John Doy during his attempt to lead escaped slaves to freedom in Kansas?

He was captured and jailed in Missouri. Signup and view all the answers

What did John Brown claim was necessary to effectively combat proslavery forces?

Violence to instill fear. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a consequence of the violent confrontations in Kansas?

A guerrilla war that took nearly two hundred lives. Signup and view all the answers

What approach did the Pierce administration take regarding the proslavery legislature in Lecompton, Kansas?

Acceptance of its legitimacy. Signup and view all the answers

Which group opposed the proslavery influence by sending free-soilers to Kansas?

New England Emigrant Aid Society. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the label 'Bleeding Kansas' being used by Horace Greeley?

The violent conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces. Signup and view all the answers

What sparked the violent reaction from John Brown and his followers at Pottawatomie?

The sacking of the free-soil town of Lawrence. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the border-crossing Missourians in Kansas elections?

They tilted the elections in favor of proslavery interests. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Confederacy's struggle with its paper money during the Civil War?

The Confederacy never made it legal tender, leading to lack of confidence. Signup and view all the answers

What action did both the Union and the Confederacy undertake to finance their war efforts?

Both began to issue paper money. Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable difference in the approach to taxation between the Union and the Confederacy?

The Union raised taxes significantly while the Confederacy enacted very few tax measures. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the National Bank Act passed in February 1863?

To establish national banking criteria and issue national bank notes. Signup and view all the answers

How did the inflation rate in the Confederacy during the Civil War compare to that in the North?

The Confederacy experienced an inflation rate of over 9,000 percent, compared to about 80 percent in the North. Signup and view all the answers

Which public finance tradition did both the Union and Confederacy break from during the Civil War?

Hard money and minimal government involvement. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the North's ability to implement a national banking system during the Civil War?

More experience with complex financial transactions and greater political cohesion. Signup and view all the answers

What was one major consequence of the Confederate government's distrust of paper money?

Public confidence in Confederate currency rapidly deteriorated. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant political liability for Lincoln during the Civil War?

Contentious relations with northern Democrats who disagreed with war strategies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions was taken by the South in response to the dwindling confidence in its paper money?

They printed an excess of $1 billion in paper money. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary argument made by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney regarding the citizenship of Negroes?

Negroes could not be citizens of the United States. Signup and view all the answers

Which constitutional principle did Taney endorse that allowed for the expansion of slavery into U.S. territories?

Popular sovereignty Signup and view all the answers

How did President Buchanan contribute to the tensions over slavery during his presidency?

He pressured Congress to admit Kansas as a slave state. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Dred Scott decision?

It invalidated the Missouri Compromise. Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the Civil War on the federal government?

It increased central government powers unexpectedly. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the sentiment in the South regarding the Republican party's rise to power?

It viewed the Republican party as a threat to social order. Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable challenge regarding recruitment during the early stages of the Civil War?

Recruitment relied heavily on local efforts and local volunteers. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union army size change by the end of the Civil War?

It consisted of over 2 million men. Signup and view all the answers

What was an attitude among citizens regarding the war as it began?

There was overwhelming enthusiasm and eagerness to volunteer. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main deficiencies faced by the Confederacy at the start of the Civil War?

Poorly equipped and unconnected railroad lines. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant financial challenge for both the Union and the Confederacy during the Civil War?

Difficulty in raising and supplying large armies. Signup and view all the answers

Which event exemplified the tension following John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry?

Brown was labeled a martyr by some intellectuals. Signup and view all the answers

What significant financial measure was absent from both sides at the onset of the Civil War?

Direct taxation by the federal government. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the Confederacy enacted the first conscription law in American history in April 1862?

To respond to the increasing demand for soldiers due to high casualties Signup and view all the answers

What was one major source of supply problems for Confederate troops during the Civil War?

The destruction of railroads due to Union invasions Signup and view all the answers

Which law led to a significant exemption for wealthy individuals in the Confederacy?

The 20-Negro law Signup and view all the answers

What was the main legal challenge faced by those subject to the Union's Enrollment Act?

The ability to hire a substitute or pay a commutation fee Signup and view all the answers

How did both armies primarily finance their military efforts during the Civil War?

By issuing bonds for war funding Signup and view all the answers

What common sentiment did opponents of the Confederate draft express?

Accusations that the law undermined patriotism and freedom Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the recruitment of soldiers for the Union army is accurate?

Only a small percentage of Union soldiers were draftees or substitutes Signup and view all the answers

What serious issue did Confederate infantry face while marching during the Civil War?

Insufficient footwear during campaigns Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge faced by the Confederacy in supplying food to their soldiers?

Invasions that destroyed agricultural infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union army's initial approach to financing compare to that of the Confederacy?

Both initially avoided imposing taxes on citizens Signup and view all the answers

What led to increased volunteering in the Confederate army despite the conscription law?

Perception of conscription as a patriotic duty Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment to the Confederacy's Conscription Act allowed exemptions based on slave ownership?

20-Negro law Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Enrollment Act for ordinary citizens in the Union?

Frustration over provisions for substitutes and commutation fees Signup and view all the answers

Who was placed in charge of addressing ordnance supply issues for the Confederacy?

Josiah Gorgas Signup and view all the answers

What was the overall impact of the Impressment Act passed by the Confederate Congress in 1863?

It fostered further resentment among the populace due to forced seizures Signup and view all the answers

What was one major reason both the Union and the Confederacy were initially unprepared for war?

Neither had a sufficient supply of trained officers. Signup and view all the answers

How did the recruitment of soldiers in the early stages of the Civil War primarily function?

It relied on local recruitment efforts and community initiatives. Signup and view all the answers

What change did the Union implement by July 1861 to improve military leadership?

Implementing examinations for officer candidates. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant logistical challenge faced by the Confederacy at the start of the Civil War?

A lack of communication between states. Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the Confederacy to pass the first conscription law in American history?

The need to increase military manpower due to heavy casualties. Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment among citizens characterized the early period of the Civil War?

A widespread rush to volunteer and fight. Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary challenge the federal government faced in raising support for the war?

A historical absence of direct taxation and drafts. Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining characteristic of the volunteer regiments in the early Civil War?

They were typically made up of local citizens from the same area. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason both the Union and Confederacy turned to paper money during the Civil War?

To easily pay soldiers and raise funds. Signup and view all the answers

What key measure did the Union implement to strengthen its banking system during the war?

The National Banking Act. Signup and view all the answers

Why did confidence in Confederate paper money decline rapidly?

The Confederacy never made it legal tender. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Confederacy printing excessive amounts of paper money?

Accelerated inflation and loss of value. Signup and view all the answers

What was the inflation rate experienced by the Confederacy by 1865?

Over 9,000 percent. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union manage to collect taxes more effectively than the Confederacy?

The Union had a more developed transportation system. Signup and view all the answers

What was one way the Confederate government attempted to address its revenue shortfalls during the war?

Implementing a comprehensive tax measure. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the passage of the National Bank Act have on the Union's ability to finance the war?

It incentivized private bankers to support the war effort. Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the 20-Negro law in the Confederacy?

It led to resentment among poorer soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between the Confederate and Union conscription laws?

The Union law allowed for monetary compensation to evade service. Signup and view all the answers

Which problem did the Confederacy face when supplying troops with food?

Union invasions destroyed much of the food supply. Signup and view all the answers

How did southern soldiers' experience differ in terms of ammunition and food supplies?

They had enough ammunition but often lacked food. Signup and view all the answers

What financial strategy did both the Union and Confederacy initially rely on for funding the war?

War bonds from citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What issue did the Confederacy face regarding the impressment of slaves for labor?

It provoked resentment among the population. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason the Confederate army struggled to maintain its supply lines?

The Union’s superior industrial capacity. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Union army attempt to incentivize volunteer enlistment?

By providing cash bounties for enlistment. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor contributing to the poor supply of clothing for Confederate soldiers?

Limited agricultural production of cotton. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary impact of the Enrollment Act of 1863 on the Union army's makeup?

Most soldiers were volunteers, not conscripts. Signup and view all the answers

What led to complaints of a 'rich man's war but a poor man's fight' in the Confederacy?

Exemptions given to wealthy individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate challenge did the Confederate army face regarding munitions early in the war?

They lacked industry to produce adequate arms. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the South initially not impose heavy taxes to finance the war effort?

Americans were unaccustomed to taxation. Signup and view all the answers

What was one way that the Confederacy attempted to boost its industrial capacity during the war?

By creating government-owned industries. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons the Confederacy faced high inflation during the Civil War?

Their lack of confidence in their own paper money led to decreased public trust. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Union increase confidence in its paper money during the Civil War?

By declaring it legal tender for most debts. Signup and view all the answers

What significant act did the North pass in 1863 to enhance its financial system during the war?

The National Bank Act, establishing criteria for federal charters. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the overall tax collection efficiency in the Confederacy?

It experienced significant challenges due to military invasions and transportation issues. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the difference in inflation rates between the North and the South?

The North’s ability to manage complex financial transactions more effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What was the total amount of paper money printed by the Confederacy by 1865?

$1 billion. Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately reflects the percentage of wartime revenue that the Confederacy raised from taxes?

5 percent. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the challenges faced by the South regarding the financing of the war?

They could not centralize resources easily due to internal divisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to both the Union and Confederate armies being initially unprepared for the war?

Insufficient recruitment efforts Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method for raising armies at the beginning of the Civil War?

Local volunteer recruitment efforts Signup and view all the answers

What was one major logistical challenge faced by the Confederacy at the onset of the war?

Poorly equipped and unconnected railroad lines Signup and view all the answers

What shift in organization occurred as the demands of war intensified?

Military authority expanded with centralized training and officer examinations Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Confederate government particularly ill-prepared for war?

It lacked a tax structure and sufficient military resources Signup and view all the answers

What was a common sentiment expressed by citizens regarding the war in its early days?

Excitement and eagerness to enlist and support the cause Signup and view all the answers

What major organizational change was introduced by the Union army in response to the demands of war by July 1861?

Examinations for officers Signup and view all the answers

What was the Confederate conscription law's historical significance?

It was the first conscription law enacted in American history Signup and view all the answers

What was one major criticism of the Confederate Conscription Act?

It was considered an infringement on state sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the '20-Negro law' in the Confederacy?

It exempted owners of twenty or more slaves from military service. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Confederate army's supply issues?

Logistical failures in transporting clothing and food were prevalent. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the Impressment Act passed by the Confederate Congress?

It authorized army officers to requisition food from farmers. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Southern economy contribute to supply issues during the Civil War?

It was overly dependent on the production of cotton and tobacco. Signup and view all the answers

What was a common method used by the Confederacy to finance its war efforts?

Bond issues sold to citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did the Union face regarding the enlistment of soldiers?

The initial surge of volunteers diminished over time. Signup and view all the answers

Which issue did both the Confederacy and the Union face when financing their war efforts?

Resistance to implementing taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What type of law did the Union implement to allow citizens to avoid military service?

Men could pay a fee of $300 to escape the draft. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bleeding Kansas

Settlers rushed into Kansas Territory, testing the concept of popular sovereignty.
Missouri senator David R. Atchison encouraged Missouri residents to vote in Kansas elections, favoring slavery.
Abolitionist New England Emigrant Aid Society sent free-soilers to Kansas.
The Pierce administration recognized a proslavery legislature in Lecompton, Kansas, elected with Missouri support.
Most Kansans favored free soil and opposed the Lecompton government.
Violence erupted in 1856, earning the territory the nickname "Bleeding Kansas."
A proslavery force attacked and destroyed the free-soil town of Lawrence.
Abolitionist John Brown led retaliation, murdering five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie.
Brown's actions sparked a guerrilla war in Kansas, resulting in hundreds of casualties.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Supreme Court ruled on the case in early 1857.
Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, argued that his time in free states made him free.
The Court's decision was controversial because it voided the Missouri Compromise and the Northwest Ordinance.
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney asserted that enslaved and free blacks could not be US citizens, denying Scott's right to sue.
Taney stated Congress could not prevent slaveholders from bringing their slaves into territories.
This nullified congressional attempts to restrict slavery's expansion.
Taney's ruling fueled controversy and accusations by Republicans, who saw it as a pro-slavery conspiracy.

Buchanan's Actions

President Buchanan ignored the reported antislavery majority in Kansas.
He blocked a popular vote on the Lecompton constitution, pushing for Kansas admission as a slave state.
This action angered Stephen Douglas, who helped prevent Kansas' admission as a slave state.
Buchanan continued efforts to buy Cuba.

John Brown's Raid

In October 1859, John Brown led an armed raid on the Harpers Ferry arsenal in Virginia.
He aimed to arm slaves and initiate a rebellion against slavery.
The raid failed and Brown was executed.
Republicans condemned Brown, while Democrats viewed it as a consequence of Republican ideals.
Brown was hailed as a martyr by transcendentalist reformers, like Thoreau and Emerson.
Southern states feared potential slave rebellions sparked by Republicans' policies.

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Description

Explore the events surrounding Bleeding Kansas and the landmark Dred Scott v. Sandford case. Learn about the conflicts over slavery in Kansas Territory and the implications of the Supreme Court's ruling in 1857. Dive into the historical significance of these events in American history.