Bleeding Disorders and Haemostasis - Part 1

<p>Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased platelet lifespan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased platelet production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can occur at any age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent significant blood loss after vascular injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction, platelet activation, coagulation cascade activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorders of blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altered bleeding risk during dental procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a referral point to other healthcare professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient’s uniqueness in needs compared to the planned approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the mechanism or level of blood component involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstrictor substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>36 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edoxaban (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible thrombin inhibitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenously in hospitals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer food and drug interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce risk of deep vein thrombosis in pregnant women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-4 hours faster (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent thrombin generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advice is necessary for any patient taking anticoagulants before invasive dental treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased production of clotting factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemophilia A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tranexamic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males are primarily affected while females are carriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated platelet factor 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocks vitamin K usage in producing clotting factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5-3.5 ± 0.5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate deficiency leading to thrombocytopenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiplatelet drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Von Willebrand disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process that stops bleeding by forming a clot in the blood vessel.

The contraction of a blood vessel to reduce blood flow and bleeding.

The process of platelets sticking together to form a plug and stop bleeding.

A group of proteins in the blood that work together to form a fibrin clot.

Bleeding disorders caused by problems with the blood vessels.

Bleeding disorders caused by problems with platelets.

Bleeding disorders caused by problems with the coagulation cascade.

Inherited diseases that weaken connective tissues, making blood vessels fragile and prone to bleeding.

Conditions that affect the blood's ability to clot properly.

A group of inherited connective tissue disorders that affect collagen production, leading to joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and fragile blood vessels. This can increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

An inherited disorder causing blood vessel malformations that can lead to bleeding, particularly from the nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract.

A condition where the blood has a reduced number of platelets, the cells responsible for clotting.

An autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks platelets, leading to bleeding.

A form of ITP that arises suddenly, often after a viral infection, and usually resolves on its own.

A form of ITP that can last for months or years, requiring ongoing medical management.

The liver plays a vital role in blood clotting by producing important clotting factors, such as Factors I, II, VII, IX, X, and XI.

A condition where the liver does not function properly, leading to a deficiency in clotting factors, which can cause bleeding.

A group of medications known to affect platelet function, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding.

A decrease in the production of platelets, often caused by bone marrow problems.

A group of inherited bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors. Most common types are Haemophilia A, Haemophilia B, and Von Willebrand disease.

The most common type of hemophilia. It's caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII and is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. It primarily affects males, with females usually being carriers.

A less common type of hemophilia caused by a deficiency of clotting factor IX. It's also inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, affecting primarily males.

The most common inherited bleeding disorder that affects both males and females. It's caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a protein essential for platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Medication that prevents blood clotting by interfering with the coagulation process. These drugs can be oral, injectable, or intravenous. Commonly used to prevent and treat blood clots.

A medication that inhibits the production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, reducing the risk of blood clots. It's monitored by measuring the International Normalized Ratio (INR).

This refers to a group of oral medications that directly inhibit certain clotting factors, preventing the formation of blood clots. They are used for various conditions like stroke prevention and deep vein thrombosis.

Refers to a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. It's used to monitor the effects of certain anticoagulant drugs like warfarin.

This refers to the process of blood clotting, involving a complex cascade of events that ultimately lead to the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a newer generation of anticoagulants. They are taken orally and work by directly inhibiting specific clotting factors.

DOACs work by inhibiting either Factor Xa or thrombin, key enzymes in the coagulation cascade. This prevents the formation of blood clots.

Rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban are all DOACs that inhibit Factor Xa. Dabigatran is a DOAC that inhibits thrombin.

Warfarin works by interfering with vitamin K dependent clotting factors, while DOACs directly inhibit specific clotting factors.

DOACs have a rapid onset of action, often taking effect within 1-4 hours. This is much faster than Warfarin, which takes several days to reach its full effect.

No routine monitoring is required for DOACs, as their effect cannot be measured by the INR test. This is a major advantage over Warfarin, which requires regular blood tests to monitor its effectiveness.

Heparin is a short-acting anticoagulant that is mainly administered intravenously (IV) in hospitals.

Heparin is often used in the hospital setting to prevent blood clots in patients who are at high risk, such as after surgery.

DOACs generally have fewer food and drug interactions compared to Warfarin, making them safer and less restrictive for patients.

There are reversal agents available for some DOACs like apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. However, there is currently no specific reversal agent for edoxaban.