Questions and Answers
What is the predominant fragmentation method used in both mining and construction?
Chemical blasting
Which form of energy application is used in the method of chemical blasting?
High explosive, blasting agent, liquid oxygen (LOX), black powder
What are the effects of rock fracturing caused by blasting?
Radial cracks and crushes of the rock near the charge, Extension of cracks and existing discontinuities, Pushing apart the in-situ fragments, Spalling at free faces
What is the primary method for rock fragmentation in mining and construction?
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What are the three main factors that influence rock breakage in the context of blasting?
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What is the key ingredient for selecting explosives in the context of effective blasting?
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What are the main properties of explosives that influence their selection for specific applications?
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What are the importance steps of the rock fragmentation process by blasting outlined in the text?
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What does detonation pressure depend on for blasting hard rock?
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What does water resistance measure in an explosive?
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What is the primary factor influencing the ability of an explosive to move surrounding material?
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What does fume class indicate about an explosive?
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What does sensitivity refer to in relation to an explosive?
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What type of explosives are ANFO type explosives?
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How do cartridge explosives need to fit in the blast hole?
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What is the characteristic of emulsion explosives?
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What is the characteristic of bulk explosives?
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What are the majority of explosives used in mining today?
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What are the primary objectives in rock blasting?
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What does good blast performance require?
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What is the main factor influencing rock breakage in mining operations?
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What happens when large gas volumes released under high pressure expand cracks in rock mass during blasting?
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What is the primary difference between rock fragmentation and rock fracture?
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What are the two main factors in rock fragmentation?
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What is the primary difference between high explosives and low explosives?
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What is the role of shock wave impact in breaking rocks during blasting?
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What is the primary influence on blasting results according to the text?
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What is the function of detonation in rock fragmentation?
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What is crucial for explosive selection and performance according to the text?
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What is the primary influence on rock breakage during blasting?
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What does the pressure wave through rock create during blasting?
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What is the primary role of tension and shear waves during blasting?
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What are the three main factors that influence rock breakage in the context of blasting?
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What is the main property of explosives that influences their selection for specific applications?
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What is crucial for explosive selection and performance in the context of effective blasting?
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What is the primary influence on blasting results according to the text?
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What does sensitivity refer to in relation to an explosive?
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What is the predominant fragmentation method used in both mining and construction?
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What are the importance steps of the rock fragmentation process by blasting outlined in the text?
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What type of explosives are ANFO type explosives?
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What does fume class indicate about an explosive?
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What are the majority of explosives used in mining today?
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Study Notes
Blasting and Rock Fragmentation in Mining Operations
- Detonation of explosives in drillholes initiates rapid combustion, releasing energy as heat and gas pressure
- Pressure wave propagates through rock at 2,500 - 6,000 m/sec, creating micro fractures
- Compression wave transforms into tension and shear waves during reflection, increasing fracturing
- Large gas volumes released under high pressure expand cracks, causing rock mass to yield and be thrown forward
- Three main factors influencing rock breakage: drilling (depth, pattern, diameter), explosives (energy, density, detonator selection), geology (rock types, properties, structures)
- Rock fragmentation focuses on size distribution of fragments, while rock fracture deals with fewer cracks
- Two important factors in rock fragmentation: total energy consumed and size distribution of fragments
- Explosive terminology includes definitions of explosion, explosive, decomposition, detonation, and deflagration
- High explosives detonate, while low explosives deflagrate
- Explosives break rocks through shock wave impact and expanding high-pressure gas formed during detonation
- Geological characteristics, including rock types, properties, and structures, have the greatest influence on blasting results
- Rock properties, such as specific gravity and detonation velocity, are crucial for explosive selection and performance
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