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Questions and Answers

What does the displacement current density JD depend on?

  • The change in magnetic field over time
  • The change in electric field over time (correct)
  • The total charge in the system
  • The distance between the charges

In which state is Ampere's law considered valid?

  • Only in non-steady state
  • Only in time-varying states
  • Only in steady state (correct)
  • In both steady and non-steady states

What is the unit of displacement current density?

  • Ampere/m2 (correct)
  • Tesla
  • Volt/m
  • Coulomb/m2

What do the equations imply when stating that ∇ ∙ 𝐵 = 0?

<p>Magnetic monopoles do not exist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the dipolar polarizability (αo) change with increasing temperature?

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of material is characterized by its weak magnetization opposite to the applied magnetic field?

<p>Diamagnetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a relative permeability of a substance being 0.99?

<p>It is a diamagnetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does polarizability play in electromagnetic waves?

<p>It determines the materials' response to electric fields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to elliptical polarized light when it passes through a quarter wave plate?

<p>It becomes circular polarized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required change in potential difference to achieve a displacement current of 0.4 A for a parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance of 2 μF?

<p>8 × 10^5 V/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an electromagnetic wave is described by the equation E = E0 cos(1000x - 5000t), what is the wavelength of this wave?

<p>6.28 × 10^-3 m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When plane polarized light makes an angle of 45º with the optic axis of a quarter wave plate, what is the nature of the emergent light?

<p>It is elliptical polarized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What variation is observed when elliptically polarized light is viewed through a rotating Nicol after passing through a quarter wave plate?

<p>Intensity shows a minimum but not zero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For an electromagnetic wave propagating through a medium with relative permittivity of 9 and permeability of 4, what is its velocity?

<p>2.5 × 10^7 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is commonly used to create population inversion in a gas laser?

<p>Optical pumping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the induced dipole moment per unit volume for helium gas in an electric field of 6×10^5 V/m with a polarizability of 2.33×10^-41 F m²?

<p>5.67 × 10^-9 C/m² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ratio of Einstein’s A and B coefficients is proportional to which numerical value?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of incident unpolarized light will pass through a system of two crossed Nicol prisms when one is rotated through 60 degrees?

<p>12.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stimulated emission is true?

<p>It can cause a chain reaction for light amplification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of intensity of the emergent light to unpolarized incident light when two sheets of polarized film are aligned at an angle of 30 degrees?

<p>1:4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a He-Ne laser emits light of wavelength 632.8 nm, what is the population of two states in the laser at a temperature of 27º C?

<p>3.9 × 10^-33 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to conduction current, the displacement current through a conductor is classified as:

<p>Less (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a two-level system in thermal equilibrium, if the ratio of the population of the higher energy state to the lower energy state is equal to 1/e, what is the temperature of the system if the radiation emitted has a wavelength of 6000 Å?

<p>2400 K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Displacement current arises due to which of the following factors?

<p>Time varying electric field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ratio of higher to lower energy state population

In a two-level system, the ratio of the population of the higher energy state to the population of the lower energy state is equal to 1/e (e is the base of the natural logarithm).

Wavelength of emitted radiation

The wavelength of the radiation emitted due to transition between energy levels in a two-level system.

Temperature of the system

The temperature of a two-level system given the wavelength of emitted radiation and population ratio of energy states.

Polarized light intensity ratio

The ratio of the intensity of light emerging from two polarized films with a specific angle between their polarizing axes (relative to unpolarized incident light).

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Crossed Nicol prisms

Two Nicol prisms arranged at a 90° angle to each other, preventing light from passing through.

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Rotated Nicol prism

One of the crossed Nicol prisms rotated by a certain angle.

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Population of states (He-Ne laser)

The ratio of the population of energy states within the helium-neon laser under given conditions. (Temperature).

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Rate of potential difference change (capacitor)

The required rate at which the potential difference across a capacitor must change to produce a specific displacement current.

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Electromagnetic wave representation

An equation describing an electromagnetic wave in terms of its electric field component, its angular frequency, and its spatial propagation (wavelength).

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Electromagnetic wave velocity in medium

The velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a medium with a specified relative permittivity and permeability, calculated from the characteristics of the medium itself.

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Induced dipole moment per unit volume (Helium)

The induced dipole moment created by an electric field in a helium gas per unit volume, which is based on the polarizability of helium and its density.

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Elliptically polarized light through quarter wave plate

Emergent light will be circularly polarized if the vibration direction is 45 degrees from optic axis.

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Plane polarized light on quarter wave plate (45º)

Emergent light will be circularly polarized.

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Elliptically polarized light and rotating Nicol

Intensity varies with minimum zero when observed through a rotating Nicol.

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Gas laser population inversion

Typically created by optical pumping.

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Einstein A and B coefficients ratio

Proportional to 4.

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Not true laser statement

Laser light is incoherent.

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Displacement current vs. conduction current

Displacement current is negligible compared to conduction currents in conductors.

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Displacement current origin

Arises from a time-varying electric field.

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Displacement current density (JD)

The current that is generated by a time-varying electric field.

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Ampere's Law applicability

Ampere's law is valid for both steady and time-varying electric fields.

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Displacement current unit

The unit of displacement current is Ampere.

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Example of EM wave

Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic wave.

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∇ ∙ B = 0 implication

∇ ∙ B = 0 implies that magnetic monopoles do not exist.

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Electric susceptibility in vacuum

Electric susceptibility in vacuum is zero.

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Polarizability dimension

The dimension of polarizability in SI units is F⋅m².

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Temperature effect on polarizability

Dipolar polarizability (α₀) generally increases with temperature.

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Diamagnetic material

A material that magnetizes to a small extent in the opposite direction of an applied field is diamagnetic.

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Ferromagnetic spin moments

In ferromagnetic materials, neighboring atomic spin moments are parallel.

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Relative permeability (0.99)

A relative permeability of 0.99 indicates a slightly weaker response to an external magnetic field.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

  • Q1: Value of ∇ × 7 is 0
  • Q2: For a simple pendulum with constant length, the degrees of freedom are 0.
  • Q3: If ∇A = 0 for any vector A, then A is called irrotational.
  • Q4: A particle moving on a sphere (radius 'a') with r ≥ a has a non-holonomic constraint.
  • Q5: The angle between ∇ and the surface p = constant is zero.
  • Q6: Total angular momentum of a system is conserved if total torque acting on the system is zero.
  • Q7: Degrees of freedom for a system of N particles with K constraints in space is 3(N - K).
  • Q8: Frictional force is an example of a non-conservative force.
  • Q9: A fluid with velocity v is incompressible when ∇.v = 0.
  • Q10: Phase difference between displacement and acceleration in SHM is π.
  • Q11: Potential energy of a particle in SHM equals kinetic energy when displacement is ±A/√2.
  • Q12: Motion given by x = Asin(wt) + Bcos(wt) is SHM with amplitude √A² + B².
  • Q13: A vibrating system with F = F₀ sin ωt is in a state of forced vibration.
  • Q14: Critical damping results in non-oscillatory motion.
  • Q15: Ghost lines in grating spectra are due to interference from many slits.
  • Q16: Replacing red light with blue light in a diffraction pattern shifts lines towards higher angles.
  • Q17: Central maxima in a white light diffraction grating is white.
  • Q18: In a grating, increasing N decreases intensity of secondary maxima relative to principal maxima.
  • Q19: In Fraunhofer diffraction, both source and screen distances are infinite.
  • Q20: Polarization proves light waves are transverse.
  • Q21: Phase difference between O-ray and E-ray in a quarter-wave plate is π/2.
  • Q22: Elliptically polarized light passing through a quarter-wave plate results in unpolarized light.
  • Q23: Plane polarized light incident on a quarter-wave plate at 45° to optic axis gives elliptically polarized light.
  • Q24: Rotating Nicol with elliptically polarized light after quarter-wave plate shows variation in intensity with minimum zero.

Additional Questions

  • Q25: Gas lasers achieve population inversion through optical pumping or electric discharge.
  • Q26: Ratio of Einstein's A and B coefficients is proportional to v³.
  • Q27: Spontaneous emission is random in character, emitting various wavelengths.
  • Q28: Displacement current is less than conduction current in a conductor.
  • Q29: Displacement current arises due to time-varying electric field.
  • Q30: Displacement current density JD = ε0(dĒ/dt).
  • Q31: Ampere's law is valid in both time-varying and steady states.
  • Q32: Unit of displacement current is Ampere.
  • Q33: Examples of electromagnetic waves are sound waves, waves in stretched strings, γ-rays, and matter waves.
  • Q34: B = 0 implies
  • Q35: In vacuum, electric susceptibility is zero, while magnetic monopole does not exist.
  • Q36: Dimension of polarizability in SI units is F.m².
  • Q37: Dipolar polarizability (α) decreases with increasing temperature.
  • Q38: Diamagnetic materials magnetize opposite to applied field.
  • Q39: Spin magnetic moments in ferromagnetic substances are parallel.
  • Q40: A substance with relative permeability 0.99 is diamagnetic.

More Questions (Page 4)

  • Q1: Divergence of A at (1,2,1) is 29.
  • Q2: Directional derivative of Φ at (1, -2, -1) in the direction of 2î -ĵ - 2k = 17/4.
  • Q3: Moment of inertia of a solid sphere about tangent axis is 7/5MR².
  • Q4: Maximun value of R for oscillatory motion in a LCR circuit is 855.73 Ω.
  • Q5: Logarithmic decrement for a 20% amplitude decrease after 5 cycles is 0.662.
  • Q6: Q value of LCR circuit is 22.5.
  • Q7: Maximum velocity of particle in SHM y= 5 sin(3πt + π/2) is 15π cm/sec.
  • Q8: Angle between x² + y² + z² = 9 and x² + y² - z = 3 at (2, -1, 2) is 78°.
  • Q9: ∇⋅F for F=(x³+y³ +z³-3xyz) is x+y+z.
  • Q10: If F=3î + 2ĵ – 4k is applied at (1, -1, 2) The torque about (2, -1, 3) is 2î – 7ĵ – 2k.
  • Q11: Length of grating element for wavelength 5000A falls sinθ = 0.2 and 0.3 is 3 × 10-4 cm.
  • Q12: In missing fourth order maximum diffraction, slit separation = 3 x slit width.
  • Q13: When Sunlight falls on water at 53°, angle of refraction for completely plane polarized light is 37°.
  • Q14: Angle of resultent field with X axis Ex = Eo cos(wt + kz) and Ey = –Eo cos(wt + kz + π) is tan-1 (-1/√3).

More Questions (Page 5 and 6)

(Contains lengthy formulas and numerical values, best to summarize values)

  • Q15-Q24: Numerous questions pertaining to optics, wave phenomena, and related topics (summarized above).

More Questions (Page 7)

(Contains lengthy formulas and numerical values, best to summarize values)

  • Q25-Q30: Numerous questions pertaining to magnetism, polarizability, and related topics (summarized above).

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