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Questions and Answers
What is the ultimate goal of nursing research?
What is the ultimate goal of nursing research?
Evidence-based practice (EBP) supports the use of clinical judgment and patient preferences.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) supports the use of clinical judgment and patient preferences.
True
What are the two types of nursing research emphasized in this textbook?
What are the two types of nursing research emphasized in this textbook?
Clinical nursing research
Who is often credited with the founding research in nursing?
Who is often credited with the founding research in nursing?
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What does the acronym ANCC stand for?
What does the acronym ANCC stand for?
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What term describes the range of activities that nurses participate in regarding research?
What term describes the range of activities that nurses participate in regarding research?
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In the 1990s, only a minority of NICUs offered __________ care options.
In the 1990s, only a minority of NICUs offered __________ care options.
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Name one key historical event that contributed to the growth of nursing research in the 1950s.
Name one key historical event that contributed to the growth of nursing research in the 1950s.
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What is the title of the book authored by Denise F. Polit and Cheryl Tatano Beck?
What is the title of the book authored by Denise F. Polit and Cheryl Tatano Beck?
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What is a new chapter introduced in the 10th edition of the book?
What is a new chapter introduced in the 10th edition of the book?
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Who is the Acquisitions Editor of the book?
Who is the Acquisitions Editor of the book?
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What is included in the online supplements for each chapter of the book?
What is included in the online supplements for each chapter of the book?
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In which area is the chapter on pilot studies included?
In which area is the chapter on pilot studies included?
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The publisher provides medical advice and guidance.
The publisher provides medical advice and guidance.
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What is the main focus of Chapter 14 in the book?
What is the main focus of Chapter 14 in the book?
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The chapter on __________ is about the design and conduct of pilot studies.
The chapter on __________ is about the design and conduct of pilot studies.
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Match the following chapters with their main focus:
Match the following chapters with their main focus:
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Who provided ongoing assistance during the development of the book?
Who provided ongoing assistance during the development of the book?
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Is your worldview closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm?
Is your worldview closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm?
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Could the Vincent et al. (2014) study have been undertaken as a qualitative study? Why or why not?
Could the Vincent et al. (2014) study have been undertaken as a qualitative study? Why or why not?
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Could the Bjorgvinsdottir and Halldorsdottir (2014) study have been undertaken as a quantitative study? Why or why not?
Could the Bjorgvinsdottir and Halldorsdottir (2014) study have been undertaken as a quantitative study? Why or why not?
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What are the specific purposes on the description/explanation continuum?
What are the specific purposes on the description/explanation continuum?
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Match the key EBP aims with their corresponding categories:
Match the key EBP aims with their corresponding categories:
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Which writers are noted as early figures in the constructivist paradigm?
Which writers are noted as early figures in the constructivist paradigm?
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The constructivist paradigm is a continuation of the positivist paradigm.
The constructivist paradigm is a continuation of the positivist paradigm.
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What does the constructivist paradigm assume about knowledge?
What does the constructivist paradigm assume about knowledge?
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What is a key methodologic distinction in research?
What is a key methodologic distinction in research?
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Which organization established research priorities in nursing during the 1970s?
Which organization established research priorities in nursing during the 1970s?
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The National Center for Nursing Research was established in 1986.
The National Center for Nursing Research was established in 1986.
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The traditional, positivist scientific method refers to a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire __________.
The traditional, positivist scientific method refers to a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire __________.
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What does EBM stand for?
What does EBM stand for?
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What is a limitation of both quantitative and qualitative research?
What is a limitation of both quantitative and qualitative research?
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Match the following research types with their focus:
Match the following research types with their focus:
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Which two paradigms have mainly guided disciplined inquiry in nursing research?
Which two paradigms have mainly guided disciplined inquiry in nursing research?
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What type of reasoning do quantitative researchers use?
What type of reasoning do quantitative researchers use?
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What was the primary focus of nursing research in the early 21st century?
What was the primary focus of nursing research in the early 21st century?
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Match the following nursing research areas with their descriptions:
Match the following nursing research areas with their descriptions:
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What is the ultimate goal of disciplined research, regardless of the underlying paradigm?
What is the ultimate goal of disciplined research, regardless of the underlying paradigm?
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The _______ paradigm dominated nursing research for decades.
The _______ paradigm dominated nursing research for decades.
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Quantitative research typically focuses on __________ that is obtained from formal measurement.
Quantitative research typically focuses on __________ that is obtained from formal measurement.
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All nursing textbooks are free from myths.
All nursing textbooks are free from myths.
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Constructivist research usually takes place in controlled laboratory settings.
Constructivist research usually takes place in controlled laboratory settings.
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What is the purpose of applied research in nursing?
What is the purpose of applied research in nursing?
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What has increased the visibility of nursing research?
What has increased the visibility of nursing research?
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Clinical decisions in nursing are based primarily on which sources of evidence?
Clinical decisions in nursing are based primarily on which sources of evidence?
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What is exploratory research designed to investigate?
What is exploratory research designed to investigate?
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What factors might an exploratory study ask in relation to patient stress?
What factors might an exploratory study ask in relation to patient stress?
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What is the primary goal of explanatory research?
What is the primary goal of explanatory research?
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What examples are given for quantitative and qualitative exploratory research?
What examples are given for quantitative and qualitative exploratory research?
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What phenomenon is associated with the age of the mother according to the text?
What phenomenon is associated with the age of the mother according to the text?
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What does the research purpose of prognosis examine?
What does the research purpose of prognosis examine?
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What is the importance of identifying factors that cause or affect illness?
What is the importance of identifying factors that cause or affect illness?
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Which research approach focuses on solutions to immediate problems?
Which research approach focuses on solutions to immediate problems?
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Descriptive research provides new information, while exploratory research provides understanding.
Descriptive research provides new information, while exploratory research provides understanding.
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What paradigm is associated with quantitative research?
What paradigm is associated with quantitative research?
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What types of studies are categorized in nursing research based on EBP?
What types of studies are categorized in nursing research based on EBP?
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What is one clinical implication of cause-probing research?
What is one clinical implication of cause-probing research?
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Study Notes
Bivariate Statistical Tests Overview
- Provides a quick guide for understanding bivariate statistical tests in research.
- Essential for analyzing the relationship between two variables.
Acknowledgments and Contributions
- The tenth edition built on 35 years of prior editions and feedback from faculty and students.
- Special thanks given to various contributors, including reviewers and family support.
New Features and Updates
- Introduction of two new chapters:
- Clinical significance in Chapter 20.
- Design and conduct of pilot studies in Chapter 28.
- Enhancements reflect recent methodological innovations in nursing and social sciences.
Organization of the Textbook
- Structured into six main parts focusing on foundations, planning, conducting research, and evidence-based practice.
- Each chapter includes online supplements with detailed material and additional resources.
Key Content Areas
- Part I: Foundations introduce nursing research history, qualitative vs. quantitative methodologies, and steps in the research process.
- Part II: Concepts like research questions formulation, literature review, and ethical considerations are discussed.
- Part III: Quantitative study design topics include sampling, measurement reliability, and statistical analyses.
- Part IV: Focuses on qualitative research approaches, including design types and data analysis methods.
- Part V: Discusses mixed methods research strategies and the significance of pilot studies.
- Part VI: Links research findings with clinical practice, covering systematic reviews and research proposal development.
Critical Features
- Encourages interactive learning through research examples and critiquing guidelines at the end of chapters.
- Writing style emphasizes accessibility and clarity for beginners in research methods.
- Provides practical tips for conducting research and appraising research findings.
Additional Supplements
- Each chapter features an online supplement to elaborate on specific topics, such as recruitment strategies, randomization, and item response theory.
- Examples of research studies often include access links to open-access articles for deeper insights.
Call to Action
- Reinforces the importance of developing research skills critical to the nursing profession and enhancing evidence-based practice.### Overview of the Textbook
- Practical guidance provided to bridge the gap between theoretical research methods and real-life application.
- Each chapter features tips for applying lessons to practical research scenarios.
- Learning aids include bulleted summaries, tables, figures, study suggestions, a glossary, and a comprehensive index.
Resource Manual
- Accompanies the textbook with exercises corresponding to each chapter; critiques of actual studies included.
- Contains 12 full research journal articles covering various nursing research methodologies.
- Features critiques that serve as models for research evaluation.
Toolkit for Research
- Available online with customizable Word documents for researchers.
- Includes informed consent forms, demographic questionnaires, validity assessment forms, and meta-analysis coding sheets.
- Provides direct links to relevant websites and open-access articles.
Instructor Resources
- PowerPoint slides for each chapter summarizing key points are included.
- Test questions available for automated test generation.
Foundations of Nursing Research
- Emphasizes the importance of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing, involving the integration of best evidence, clinical judgment, and patient preferences.
- Defined nursing research as systematic inquiry aimed at generating credible evidence relevant to nursing practice, education, administration, and informatics.
Growth of Nursing Research
- Significant growth in nursing research over the last three decades.
- Commitment to integrating research findings into nursing practice to enhance quality of care.
Research Questions Examples
- Evaluating effectiveness of pressurized irrigation vs. swabbing methods for wound cleansing.
- Studying experiences of women in Zimbabwe with advanced HIV infection.
Importance of Research in Nursing
- Research findings serve as strong evidence for clinical decision-making and actions.
- ANCC's Magnet Recognition Program rewards excellence in nursing care through EBP adoption.
- Magnet hospitals have shown better patient outcomes compared to non-Magnet hospitals.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Changes
- EBP has led to practice transformations, such as the widespread adoption of kangaroo care in neonatal intensive care.
- Clinical trials continue exploring benefits of evidence-driven interventions.
Research Participation Continuum
- Nurses engage on a continuum from consumers (those reading and utilizing research) to producers (those conducting studies).
- Numerous opportunities for involvement beyond formal research, including data gathering, client advisement, and problem-solving through research.
Historical Perspective of Nursing Research
- Began in the 1850s with Florence Nightingale’s analysis of soldier mortality; research priorities evolved over time.
- Notable milestones include establishing nursing research centers, foundational journals, and increasing international collaboration.
Current and Future Directions
- Continuous funding growth; determined pursuit of innovative practice improvement ideas.
- Emerging trends include a sustained focus on EBP, systematic reviews, translational research, and confirmation of research findings through replication studies.### Systematic Reviews and Innovation
- Systematic reviews synthesize research information to draw evidence-based conclusions, forming the foundation for clinical guidelines.
- There's a significant emphasis on innovation in nursing, with events like the 2013 conference focused on "Innovative Approaches to Symptom Science."
- Future nursing research will increasingly incorporate innovative interventions and study methods to address recurring practice problems.
Expanded Local Research
- Growth of small-scale studies addressing local healthcare issues as hospitals seek Magnet status in the U.S. and abroad.
- Development of mechanisms is required to share findings from these small projects across nursing research alliances.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
- Anticipated increase in collaborations between nurses and researchers in related fields to tackle fundamental health care problems.
- Nurse researchers may gain influence in health care policies, aligning with Institute of Medicine's recommendation for nurses to be full partners with other health professionals.
Dissemination of Research Findings
- Advances in technology facilitate the rapid and widespread dissemination of research results, promoting evidence-based practice (EBP).
Cultural Issues and Health Disparities
- Health disparities have become a pressing concern, necessitating culturally sensitive interventions in nursing practice.
- Research must address the health beliefs and behaviors of diverse populations.
Clinical Significance and Patient Input
- Research must focus on clinical significance, incorporating patient preferences into clinical decision-making.
- Challenges ahead include aligning research evidence with patient preferences and understanding the decision-making process.
Broad Research Priorities
- Nursing organizations outline research priorities, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, health disparities, and self-management.
- Specific interests by nursing organizations like NINR and Sigma Theta Tau International underscore the need for research targeting vulnerable populations and EBP implementation.
Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice
- Nurses derive knowledge from various sources, but not all are evidence-based; reliance on tradition, authority, and personal experience carries inherent limitations.
Tradition and Authority
- Decisions can be influenced by tradition and unchallenged authority, risking the perpetuation of unverified practices.
- Analysis of nursing textbooks reveals that unsupported assumptions persist, needed updates to reflect current evidence.
Clinical Experience, Trial and Error, and Intuition
- Clinical experience offers practical knowledge, but it is often too limited to provide generalizable insights.
- Trial and error may yield practical solutions, but lacks systematic structure; intuition cannot serve as a policy foundation.
Logical Reasoning
- Logical reasoning combines experience and structured thought; it involves both inductive and deductive reasoning to understand nursing phenomena.
Assembled Information
- Clinical decisions utilize various assembled data, such as cost and quality improvement information, yet they do not directly indicate patient outcomes.
Disciplined Research
- Research in nursing follows a disciplined framework, generating reliable evidence that informs EBP, prioritizing rigorous research over tradition or intuition.
Paradigms in Nursing Research
- Nursing inquiry is framed largely by positivist and constructivist paradigms, each guiding research methodology in distinct, fundamental ways.
Positivist Paradigm
- Dominated nursing research historically, emphasizing objectivity, reality, and measurable phenomena; researchers seek to understand causes behind phenomena.
- The postpositivist approach recognizes the limitations of complete objectivity while still striving for neutrality in research.
Constructivist Paradigm
- Emerged as a reaction to positivism, viewing reality as constructed by individuals within contexts; emphasizes subjective interactions in understanding research phenomena.
- Knowledge is seen as maximized through close researcher-participant interactions, thus prioritizing personal insights in data collection.
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research aligns with positivism through structured, numerical evidence gathering, while qualitative research aligns with constructivism, focusing on subjective insights.
- Both paradigms have their strengths and limitations, particularly regarding ethical questions and capturing the complexity of human experiences.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of bivariate statistical tests, which are crucial for analyzing the relationship between two variables. It covers key concepts, methods, and applications, helping you understand how to interpret data effectively. Perfect for anyone studying statistics at a higher level.