Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do Bivariate Correlations measure?
What do Bivariate Correlations measure?
What is the Pearson Correlation used for?
What is the Pearson Correlation used for?
When can you use Spearman Rank-Order Correlation?
When can you use Spearman Rank-Order Correlation?
Define Monotonic.
Define Monotonic.
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What is the purpose of a Scatterplot?
What is the purpose of a Scatterplot?
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The first step in a correlational analysis involving interval or ratio scale variables is to form a _________________.
The first step in a correlational analysis involving interval or ratio scale variables is to form a _________________.
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What is the Chi-Square Test of Association used for?
What is the Chi-Square Test of Association used for?
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Shapiro-Wilk Test is recommended if you are not particularly familiar with statistics and/or if you have a _________________.
Shapiro-Wilk Test is recommended if you are not particularly familiar with statistics and/or if you have a _________________.
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The Coefficient of Determination is the proportion of variance in one variable that is __________ by the other variable.
The Coefficient of Determination is the proportion of variance in one variable that is __________ by the other variable.
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The Chi-Square Test of Association is used to assess the statistical significance of the relationship between two _________________.
The Chi-Square Test of Association is used to assess the statistical significance of the relationship between two _________________.
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The chi-square test for association tests whether two categorical variables are ________________.
The chi-square test for association tests whether two categorical variables are ________________.
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Study Notes
Bivariate Correlations
- Measure strength and statistical significance of relationships between two variables.
Pearson Correlation
- Assesses strength of linear relationship between two variables measured at the interval or ratio scale.
Spearman Rank-Order Correlation
- Applicable for nonlinear and monotonic relationships or when variables are measured at the ordinal level.
Monotonic Relationships
- Continuous increase or decrease in scores of one variable as the other variable changes, regardless of linearity.
Chi-Square Test of Association
- Evaluates relationships between two nominal scale variables using Cramer's V statistic for strength measurement.
Scatterplot
- Initial step for correlational analysis with interval or ratio scale variables, helps visualize data.
Uses of Scatterplots
- Identify outliers.
- Assess linearity of relationships.
- Note issues with heteroscedasticity (unequal spread of data).
Assumptions of Pearson Correlation
- Variables should be measured at interval or ratio level (continuous).
- Assumes linear relationship exists between variables, typically verified through scatterplots.
- Significant outliers should be absent, as they can distort correlation results.
- Variables should display approximate normal distribution; normality can be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test.
Shapiro-Wilk Test
- Recommended for testing normality, especially with small sample sizes, to ensure validity of correlations.
Coefficient of Determination
- Represents the proportion of variance in one variable explained by the other variable, calculated as the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r²).
Chi-Square Test of Association
- Utilized to determine statistical significance of relationships between two nominal scale variables, with Cramer's V indicating strength.
Chi-Square Test for Independence
- Examines whether two categorical variables are associated or independent, commonly applied in nominal or dichotomous variables.
X2 Test Explanation
- Further elaboration needed for detailed understanding, currently incomplete.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to bivariate correlations with this flashcard quiz. Understand various methods used to measure the relationship between two variables, including Pearson and Spearman correlations. Perfect for statistics students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
