Bivariate Correlation Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What do Bivariate Correlations measure?

The average of two groups

The strength and statistical significance of the relationship between two variables (correct)

The strength of the relationship between two nominal variables

The causation between two variables

What is the Pearson Correlation used for?

To measure the relationship between two nominal variables

To assess the mean differences between two groups

To measure the strength of the linear relationship between two interval or ratio scale variables (correct)

To evaluate the trend of data over time

When can you use Spearman Rank-Order Correlation?

When both variables are nominal

When assessing causation

When the relationship between two variables is nonlinear and monotonic (correct)

When both variables are measured at the interval level

Define Monotonic.

A relationship in which scores on one variable show a continuous increase or decrease as scores increase or decrease on a second variable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Scatterplot?

To visually assess the relationship between two variables. Signup and view all the answers

The first step in a correlational analysis involving interval or ratio scale variables is to form a _________________.

scatterplot Signup and view all the answers

What is the Chi-Square Test of Association used for?

To assess the relationship between two nominal scale variables Signup and view all the answers

Shapiro-Wilk Test is recommended if you are not particularly familiar with statistics and/or if you have a _________________.

small sample size Signup and view all the answers

The Coefficient of Determination is the proportion of variance in one variable that is __________ by the other variable.

explained Signup and view all the answers

The Chi-Square Test of Association is used to assess the statistical significance of the relationship between two _________________.

nominal scale variables Signup and view all the answers

The chi-square test for association tests whether two categorical variables are ________________.

associated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bivariate Correlations

Measure strength and statistical significance of relationships between two variables.

Pearson Correlation

Assesses strength of linear relationship between two variables measured at the interval or ratio scale.

Spearman Rank-Order Correlation

Applicable for nonlinear and monotonic relationships or when variables are measured at the ordinal level.

Monotonic Relationships

Continuous increase or decrease in scores of one variable as the other variable changes, regardless of linearity.

Chi-Square Test of Association

Evaluates relationships between two nominal scale variables using Cramer's V statistic for strength measurement.

Scatterplot

Initial step for correlational analysis with interval or ratio scale variables, helps visualize data.

Uses of Scatterplots

Identify outliers.
Assess linearity of relationships.
Note issues with heteroscedasticity (unequal spread of data).

Assumptions of Pearson Correlation

Variables should be measured at interval or ratio level (continuous).
Assumes linear relationship exists between variables, typically verified through scatterplots.
Significant outliers should be absent, as they can distort correlation results.
Variables should display approximate normal distribution; normality can be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test.

Shapiro-Wilk Test

Recommended for testing normality, especially with small sample sizes, to ensure validity of correlations.

Coefficient of Determination

Represents the proportion of variance in one variable explained by the other variable, calculated as the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r²).

Chi-Square Test of Association

Utilized to determine statistical significance of relationships between two nominal scale variables, with Cramer's V indicating strength.

Chi-Square Test for Independence

Examines whether two categorical variables are associated or independent, commonly applied in nominal or dichotomous variables.

X2 Test Explanation

Further elaboration needed for detailed understanding, currently incomplete.

Description

Explore key concepts related to bivariate correlations with this flashcard quiz. Understand various methods used to measure the relationship between two variables, including Pearson and Spearman correlations. Perfect for statistics students looking to reinforce their knowledge.