Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of nonce in the process of proof-of-work?
What is the purpose of nonce in the process of proof-of-work?
- To validate new blocks using headers
- To act as a counter for miners to modify and get the desired hash (correct)
- To store actual data in a block
- To prevent email spamming
How does Hashcash system prevent email spamming?
How does Hashcash system prevent email spamming?
- By verifying sender identity
- By encrypting email content
- By blocking all incoming emails
- By requiring senders to perform computational work (correct)
In a blockchain, what is used to resolve disagreements or chain forks?
In a blockchain, what is used to resolve disagreements or chain forks?
- Shortest chain rule
- Longest chain rule and Proof-of-work (correct)
- Random selection of the chain
- Proof-of-stake algorithm
What is the purpose of payload in a block?
What is the purpose of payload in a block?
How do miners decide which chain to work on when multiple chains exist?
How do miners decide which chain to work on when multiple chains exist?
What role does Proof-of-work play in ensuring trust among miners?
What role does Proof-of-work play in ensuring trust among miners?
What happens in a tie situation when multiple chains have equal work done?
What happens in a tie situation when multiple chains have equal work done?
What is the main motivation for miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
What is the main motivation for miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
What do miners modify to achieve the desired hash in proof-of-work?
What do miners modify to achieve the desired hash in proof-of-work?
How does blockchain validate new blocks using headers?
How does blockchain validate new blocks using headers?
What is the purpose of the nonce in the process of proof-of-work?
What is the purpose of the nonce in the process of proof-of-work?
How does the blockchain resolve disagreements or chain forks?
How does the blockchain resolve disagreements or chain forks?
What motivates miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
What motivates miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
What is included in a blockchain to enable checking the validity of a new block using headers?
What is included in a blockchain to enable checking the validity of a new block using headers?
Which element serves as a counter and is usually initialized at zero in hash cash?
Which element serves as a counter and is usually initialized at zero in hash cash?
In blockchain, what happens when there is a tie situation where multiple chains have equal work done?
In blockchain, what happens when there is a tie situation where multiple chains have equal work done?
What impacts a miner's decision on which chain to work on when multiple chains exist?
What impacts a miner's decision on which chain to work on when multiple chains exist?
How does Hashcash system prevent email spamming?
How does Hashcash system prevent email spamming?
What is the role of payload in a block?
What is the role of payload in a block?
How do miners achieve the desired hash in proof-of-work?
How do miners achieve the desired hash in proof-of-work?
What is the purpose of the nonce in hash cash?
What is the purpose of the nonce in hash cash?
How does the blockchain handle chain forks when multiple chains have equal work done?
How does the blockchain handle chain forks when multiple chains have equal work done?
What prevents email spamming through the Hashcash system?
What prevents email spamming through the Hashcash system?
What is the role of payload in a block within a blockchain?
What is the role of payload in a block within a blockchain?
How do miners select which chain to work on in blockchain when multiple chains exist?
How do miners select which chain to work on in blockchain when multiple chains exist?
What motivates miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
What motivates miners to perform computational work in blockchain?
In a blockchain, what enables checking the validity of a new block using headers?
In a blockchain, what enables checking the validity of a new block using headers?
What is used to resolve disagreements or chain forks in blockchain?
What is used to resolve disagreements or chain forks in blockchain?
How does Hashcash prevent email spamming?
How does Hashcash prevent email spamming?
What differentiates Hashcash from Proof-of-work in blockchain?
What differentiates Hashcash from Proof-of-work in blockchain?
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Study Notes
Bitcoin Mining and Blockchain
- Miners are motivated by self-interest to earn rewards and transaction fees by successfully adding a new block to the blockchain.
- Miners verify transactions within a block to ensure they are valid, then spread the newly created block to the rest of the network.
- Each node verifies the new block before starting to mine.
- Miners are rewarded with newly created bitcoins for successfully mining a new block (initially 12BTC, then 6.25BTC, halving every 210,000 blocks).
Bitcoin Block Structure
- Bitcoin uses a transaction-based ledger, where the sender signs the transaction to prove ownership of the funds being transferred.
- A transaction consists of an output (first) and input (then).
- Input is a reference to an output from a previous transaction.
- Multiple inputs are often listed in a transaction, and all new transaction's input values are added up.
- Previous tx is a hash of a previous transaction.
- Index is the specific output in the referenced transaction (0 or 1).
- ScriptSig is the first half of a script, verifying the provided public key and checking the signature against the public key.
Transaction Types
- Pay-to-script-hash: enhances flexibility and security of Bitcoin transactions, enabling more complex spending conditions.
- Pay-to-multi signature: allows users to lock coins with a requirement for multiple parties to sign the scriptSig before coins can be spent.
- Proof-of-burn: sends coins to a burn account, which cannot spend or redeem the coins sent to it.
Node Types
- Fully-validating nodes: permanently connected, store entire block chain, hear and forward every node/transaction.
- Lightweight nodes: store block headers, verify the puzzle was solved correctly, but cannot verify every transaction in each block.
Blockchain Resolving Disagreements
- Uses Proof-of-work and the longest chain rule to resolve disagreements.
- When the chain forks, Blockchain takes the fork with most work (i.e., longest chain).
- When there's a tie, Blockchain keeps working until one of the chains has the most work.
Nonce and Hash Cash
- Nonce is a number used in the process of proof-of-work, modified by miners to get the hash that satisfies the puzzle.
- Hash cash is a system that prevents email spamming by making email senders perform a small amount of computational work to send an email.
- The nonce acts as a counter in hash cash, usually starting from zero.
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