PE5ST 4-6
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a biotic component of the environment?

  • Soil
  • Sunlight
  • Water
  • Plants (correct)

Which of these do plants require from the abiotic environment to perform photosynthesis?

  • Nitrogen and potassium
  • Oxygen and water
  • Oxygen and nitrogen
  • Carbon dioxide and water (correct)

What do animals breathe in from the atmosphere?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • Nitrogen
  • Hydrogen

What do plants obtain from the soil through their roots?

<p>Nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an animal that lives in water, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Crocodile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of energy obtained from food for animals?

<p>To provide power for activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What abiotic factor do some plants depend on for pollination?

<p>Wind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plants primarily depend on animals for?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows plants to produce their own food?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major component used by plants to produce their own food?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals that exclusively consume plants are known as?

<p>Herbivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form do plants store food?

<p>Starch, protein, sugar and fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can food be stored in plants?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do animals primarily depend on plants for?

<p>Food and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a herbivore?

<p>Goat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides carbon dioxide, what else do plants get from animals?

<p>Pollination, seed dispersal and nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas do plants provide to animals?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do animals provide plants with?

<p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of humus?

<p>Dead plants and animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't animals survive without plants?

<p>Plants provide food and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a plant is commonly eaten by animals?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do burrowing animals benefit plants?

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteria and fungi in the soil?

<p>To decompose organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are animals that eat only meat called?

<p>Carnivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is a carnivore?

<p>Hyena (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is commonly eaten by humans?

<p>Chicken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main task assigned to the Standard Five pupils?

<p>To investigate environmental destruction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Juma, what caused the death of fish in the pond?

<p>Pollution from chemical fertilizers and pesticides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Maria observe regarding the trees in her grandmother's village?

<p>Most of the trees had been cleared. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides tree cutting, what other problem did Maria mention?

<p>Prolonged drought. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason Bakari's parents had a reduced maize harvest?

<p>The reason is not mentioned. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence for carnivores when herbivores die due to environmental destruction?

<p>They also may die (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to animals when pasture land is negatively affected by environmental destruction?

<p>They migrate to find new pastures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct result of rivers and dams drying up?

<p>Death of fish and aquatic plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to herbivores that cannot migrate when their food source disappears?

<p>They suffer starvation and die (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the clearing or burning of forests affect animals like monkeys and birds?

<p>It causes them to lose their habitat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a shortage of food for carnivores?

<p>The death of herbivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might carnivores do in response to a food shortage?

<p>Migrate in search of food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of environmental destruction on grasslands, woodlands and forests?

<p>Lack of food for the majority of animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the death of fish and aquatic plants lead to?

<p>The starvation and death of animals that feed on them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When environmental destruction causes animals to lose their habitats, what is one example of an animal particularly affected?

<p>Monkeys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely consequence if a non-migratory herbivore population's primary food source is eliminated due to environmental destruction?

<p>The herbivores will experience starvation and a decline in population size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the drying up of rivers and dams most directly affect the local ecosystem?

<p>It results in the death of aquatic organisms like fish and plants, disrupting the food chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a forest ecosystem experiences widespread burning, what is the most immediate impact on the animal population?

<p>The loss of habitat for animals such as monkeys and birds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most probable initial response of carnivores to a significant decrease in the herbivore population due to starvation?

<p>Carnivores will migrate to areas with more abundant prey. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the cascading effect of environmental destruction on a food web?

<p>The decline or displacement of multiple species, starting with primary producers or consumers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants primarily utilize carbon dioxide from the abiotic environment?

<p>As a raw material in the process of photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does wind play for some plants?

<p>It acts as an agent for pollination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oxygen from the abiotic environment essential for animals?

<p>It's needed to convert food into energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can changes in temperature, an abiotic factor, affect plants?

<p>Plants grown well under favorable temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of burrowing animals like mice and rats in relation to plants?

<p>Breaking down soil particles and increasing soil aeration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way animals interact with the abiotic environment to obtain energy?

<p>Inhaling oxygen to facilitate the breakdown of food for energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the availability of water, an abiotic factor, most directly limit the survival of animals?

<p>Water constitutes a major component inside animal bodies and it's use to regulate temperature, and transport nutrients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi contribute to plant growth?

<p>By decomposing dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients back into the soil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates the connection between plants and abiotic factors for nutrient acquisition?

<p>Plants absorbing minerals from the soil through their roots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants contribute to the survival of animals?

<p>By providing shelter and building materials like grass and leaves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animals contribute to the survival of plants?

<p>By exhaling carbon dioxide that plants use for food production, and through decomposition, providing essential nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how plants and animals maintain a balanced atmosphere?

<p>Plants produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide; animals consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence for birds if there is a significant loss of trees and grass in an environment?

<p>Loss of habitat, which could lead to a decline in their population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the release of nutrients back into the soil from dead plants and animals?

<p>Decomposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates the interdependence between plants and animals regarding gases in the atmosphere?

<p>Plants absorb carbon dioxide, which animals release; animals absorb oxygen, which plants release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could the destruction of a forest affect animals like monkeys and chimpanzees?

<p>It could lead to a loss of habitat, making it difficult for them to survive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding behavior best describes sharks in an aquatic environment?

<p>They are exclusively carnivores, preying on smaller fish and other animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key adaptation that allows some plants to thrive by growing on other, larger plants?

<p>Physical support and improved access to sunlight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants that creep or twine around other plants typically obtain their nourishment?

<p>By directly extracting food from the host plant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies do plants employ to maximize their exposure to sunlight?

<p>Growing on larger plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does humus contribute to the nutritional needs of plants?

<p>It supplies essential minerals and organic matter necessary for growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes animals, like mosquitoes, that feed on the blood of other animals?

<p>Parasites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do worms play when they reside inside larger animals like cows?

<p>They obtain food from inside the animal's stomach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a new predator is introduced into an ecosystem, which of the following is most likely to happen initially?

<p>The predator population will rapidly increase, potentially destabilizing the ecosystem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the ecological role of an omnivore in an ecosystem?

<p>Consumers that feed on both plants and animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might deforestation impact the nutrient cycle in a forest ecosystem?

<p>Reduce nutrient availability as the organic matter decomposes more rapidly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between carnivores and herbivores in an ecosystem?

<p>Carnivores rely on herbivores as a primary food source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a significant decrease in the population of antelopes likely affect the population of lions in the same area?

<p>The lion population would likely decrease due to a reduced food supply. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following feeding relationships demonstrates an animal obtaining energy by consuming another animal?

<p>A lion preying on a zebra in the savanna. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of carnivores in maintaining the health and balance of an ecosystem?

<p>To control the population of herbivores, preventing overgrazing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a disease were to significantly reduce the population of chickens, which of the following would most likely occur?

<p>A decrease in the availability of meat for human consumption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the consumption of both plants and animals by humans impact the flow of energy within an ecosystem?

<p>It allows humans to obtain energy from multiple trophic levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of humans increasingly relying on animals like cattle for food?

<p>Increased pressure on land and resources due to grazing needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between how lions and antelopes obtain energy?

<p>Lions obtain energy by consuming other animals, while antelopes get energy by consuming plants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trophic level would eagles primarily occupy in a food chain?

<p>Secondary or tertiary consumer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might alterations to the food chain affect animals that are both eaten by other animals and also eat other animals?

<p>They would be vulnerable since changes at lower trophic levels affect their food sources and predator populations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining a large area with many plants important for ecological balance?

<p>It ensures sufficient food and reproduction for herbivores, supporting the entire food web. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely consequence if the carnivore population significantly exceeds the herbivore population in an ecosystem?

<p>Carnivores will experience starvation and a population decline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term effect of herbivores exceeding the plant population in a given area?

<p>The death of herbivores followed by a decline in carnivore populations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how uncontrolled fires contribute to environmental destruction?

<p>Fires can lead to habitat loss, shortage of pastures, climate change and ultimately impact the animal population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does environmental degradation leading to unreliable rainfall and drought most directly affect terrestrial animals that rely on plants for food?

<p>It leads to starvation and death of terrestrial animals due to food scarcity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants utilize carbon dioxide and water from the abiotic environment. What is the primary purpose of this interaction?

<p>To facilitate the process of photosynthesis and produce food. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the dependency of aquatic weeds on water differ from that of land plants on soil?

<p>Aquatic weeds depend on water both as a habitat and for nutrient absorption, whereas land plants primarily use soil for nutrient absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text mentions that plants depend on wind for pollination. Which characteristic would most likely be observed in such plants?

<p>Lightweight pollen that can be easily carried by the wind. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms in the biotic environment include microorganisms. What roles do microorganisms play in an ecosystem?

<p>Decompose organic material, recycle nutrients, and play roles in various cycles like the nitrogen cycle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals breathe in oxygen from the atmosphere to perform various activities. What is the direct result of this process?

<p>Burning food to release energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of animals breathing in oxygen and plants using carbon dioxide demonstrate an interdependent relationship?

<p>Animals release the carbon dioxide that plants need, while plants release the oxygen that animals need. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the amount of sunlight available to plants decreases significantly, what would be the most likely immediate consequence?

<p>Reduced rate of photosynthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the interdependence between plants and animals?

<p>Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, and animals depend on plants for food and oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the flow of energy in an ecosystem, what is the primary role of plants?

<p>Producers converting inorganic substances into food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a new species of fast-growing plant that stores large amounts of starch in its roots is introduced to an area, which of the following would most likely occur?

<p>An increase in the population of herbivores that can consume the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecosystem, if herbivores disappear, what would be the most likely direct consequence for plants?

<p>Decreased seed dispersal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the decay of animals contribute to the survival of plants?

<p>By releasing nutrients into the soil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the interdependence of living organisms, what would be the most likely long-term effect of a significant decrease in the population of bees in an ecosystem?

<p>A decrease in the diversity of plant species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes herbivores from other types of animals in terms of their food source?

<p>Herbivores consume only plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a farmer plants a field with only one type of crop, what might be a potential consequence regarding herbivores?

<p>An increase in the vulnerability of the crop to specific herbivores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the feeding strategy of a mosquito?

<p>Feeding on the blood of other animals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants ensure they have the resources needed to sustain both their growth and the needs of the animals that depend on them?

<p>Through their ability to produce food from inorganic substances and store it in various parts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do plants gain by growing on larger trees?

<p>Increased exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do worms living inside the stomachs of animals like cows obtain their food??

<p>They absorb nutrients from the digested food in the stomach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of nutrients like nitrate and phosphorus for plants that come from humus?

<p>Decomposed organic matter from dead plants and animals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an environment where both plants and animals thrive, what role do omnivores play in the ecosystem's energy flow?

<p>They obtain energy from both plant and animal sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the introduction of a new, aggressive plant species that competes for sunlight affect existing plants in an ecosystem?

<p>The existing plants that are shaded will be less able to produce food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely initial effect on a shark population if their primary food source, smaller fish, declines due to pollution?

<p>The shark population would likely decrease due to starvation or migration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the decomposition of plant and animal matter contribute to plant growth?

<p>It returns essential nutrients to the soil, which plants can absorb. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a certain species of plant that relies on another plant for physical support is removed from an ecosystem, what is the most likely outcome for the supporting plant?

<p>The supporting plant will likely benefit from reduced competition for resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ecological role of large fish, like sharks, in aquatic environments?

<p>To control populations of smaller fish and other animals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do aquatic plants benefit animals living in oceans and lakes?

<p>By providing shelter and producing oxygen through photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do animals play in maintaining soil fertility, impacting the abiotic environment?

<p>Animal waste decomposes, enriching the soil with nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the decomposition of living organisms contribute to the abiotic environment?

<p>By converting into humus, enriching the soil's composition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of human activities such as the use of industrial fertilizers on the abiotic environment?

<p>Altered soil composition due to changes in salinity and acidity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mining and quarrying directly contribute to the formation of soil, an abiotic component?

<p>By breaking down large rocks into smaller particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of plant roots, such as those of grass and trees, in maintaining the abiotic environment?

<p>Holding soil firmly to prevent erosion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do forests contribute to the water cycle, an important aspect of the abiotic environment?

<p>By contributing to high levels of water vapor through transpiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of a high level of water vapor in the atmosphere, influenced by living organisms, affect the abiotic environment?

<p>It reduces the risk of droughts by increasing the amount of rain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in maintaining the balance between abiotic and biotic components?

<p>They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the interdependence between abiotic and biotic factors in an aquatic ecosystem?

<p>Consistent sunlight leads to increased algae blooms benefiting small fish. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals that exclusively consume meat are referred to as herbivores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lions are examples of carnivores.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eagles consume only plants for sustenance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans do not eat animals, only plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology studies how living things interact with each other and their environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antelopes are commonly preyed upon by carnivores such as lions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology only focuses on living things and ignores non-living things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ecosystem is formed when living and non-living things interact as a system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment includes only the plants and animals around us.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Studying ecology helps us understand the importance of conserving the environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology is not related to environmental conservation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living and non-living things do not affect one another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment is divided into biotic and abiotic components.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Macroscopic organisms can only be seen with a microscope.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals and plants are considered macroorganisms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are examples of macroorganisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms can be seen without any aid.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abiotic component of the environment includes living things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Air is an example of a biotic component.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sun is the main source of light energy in the environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humus is formed from decayed non-living material.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human beings can survive without plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants produce carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals breathe out oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants depend on animals to help break down soil particles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant roots use carbon dioxide in the soil during breathing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants benefit from nutrients found in animal dung.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi cause the decomposition of plants and animals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nutrients released from decomposed plants and animals are never re-used by other plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some birds build their nests on trees using grass and tree leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forests are poor habitats for animals like monkeys and chimpanzees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The biotic component of the environment refers to non-living things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants and fungi are major groups of living things that constitute the biotic component of the environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The biotic component provides the abiotic component with energy and nutrients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses and protozoa are two groups of microorganisms within the biotic environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants depend on the abiotic environment for food and nutrients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis uses oxygen and carbon dioxide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nitrogen, sulfur and potassium are nutrients plants get from the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wind can be an agent of pollination for some plants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals breathe in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fish, crocodiles, and whales obtain oxygen and water from the biotic environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental destruction leading to habitat loss primarily affects plant species, with minimal impact on animal populations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a drought causes aquatic plants to die, it will have no impact on animals that consume those plants

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Herbivores migrating due to lack of pasture will have no effect on the populations of carnivores in the abandoned region.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deforestation primarily impacts soil composition and has minimal correlation with immediate animal migrations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a specific carnivore species cannot migrate, then the loss of herbivores will likely result in their extinction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals obtain carbon dioxide from plants, which they then use to perform photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The decay of plants contributes solely to the non-living (abiotic) parts of the environment, providing no benefit to animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Herbivores obtain all necessary nutrients, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, directly from consuming plants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a population of plants in an area drastically declines, herbivore populations will likely increase due to more available resources.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants play a role in seed dispersal, where animals gain nutrients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The abiotic environment influences the distribution and behavior of living organisms, but it does not dictate their specific adaptations or evolutionary pathways.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecosystem, plants and animals solely depend on each other for survival, with no reliance on other organisms or the abiotic environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can survive independently of plants, relying solely on animal products for sustenance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants and animals maintain atmospheric gas balance, where plants consume oxygen and animals produce carbon dioxide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soil aeration, facilitated by burrowing animals, inhibits plant root respiration by reducing oxygen availability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Decomposition, a process driven by large insects, directly converts dead organic matter into energy-rich compounds usable by plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nutrient cycling involves plants absorbing nutrients from the soil, which are then returned when animals extract them from the environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of trees and grass is inconsequential to the nesting habits and survival of most bird species.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reforestation efforts have no impact on wildlife habitats, especially for species like monkeys and chimpanzees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining a small area with few plants is generally sufficient to ensure a stable ecological balance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both plants and animals release vital minerals into the soil upon decay, fostering a sustainable environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced ecosystem ensures a consistent level of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, facilitating the respiration of plants and animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the number of carnivores significantly exceeds the number of herbivores in an ecosystem, the carnivore population will likely thrive due to abundant food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced ecosystem requires that the population of herbivores is significantly higher than the population of plants to ensure herbivores have enough to eat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a population of herbivores drastically decreases due to disease, the carnivore population that depends on them will likely increase.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are examples of human activities that cause environmental destruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Controlled forest fires are generally beneficial for maintaining ecological balance and preventing environmental destruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental destruction, such as deforestation, has no direct impact on the availability of pastures for domestic and wild animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Climate change, which can be exacerbated by environmental degradation, can lead to more consistent and reliable rainfall patterns.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Severe drought conditions have a greater impact on terrestrial carnivores than terrestrial herbivores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable agriculture practices, which focus on soil health and reduced chemical inputs, generally contribute to environmental destruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a lake ecosystem, algae provide oxygen and serve as a food source for small fish, which are in turn eaten by larger fish; this illustrates a direct interdependence between different species.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The decomposition of dead organisms into humus is an example of biotic factors influencing abiotic factors, specifically increasing soil fertility.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The application of chemical pesticides in agriculture primarily benefits environmental biodiversity by promoting the growth of various plant species.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mining activities contribute significantly to the reduction of soil formation by compacting surface material and increasing organic matter.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deforestation, the clearing of forests, generally leads to an increase in local rainfall due to enhanced water vapor production.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of forests plays a crucial role in the water cycle by facilitating the condensation of water vapor into clouds, leading to precipitation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ocean currents have no effects on the distribution of nutrients and heat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The roots of plants, such as grasses and trees, help in preventing the process of soil erosion, thereby securing the land.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide always has a detrimental effect on the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The conversion of living organisms into fossil fuels is a biological process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology is the study of how living things interact with the weather.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology helps us understand the relationship between living and non-living things.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When living and non-living things interact as a system, they form a society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ecosystem includes only living things like animals and plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment includes only things that are man-made.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecology focuses solely on the negative impacts of environmental destruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals can survive without plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals eat only one part of a plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Burrowing animals have no impact on plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants and animals exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria and fungi always harm the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carnivores eat only meat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eagles only eat plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans never eat animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living organisms can survive independently of their environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals rely on the abiotic environment for food and shelter.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals can produce their own food using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants are not a significant source of food for animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seed dispersal is one way that animals depend on plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants depend on animals when they decay for key nutrients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elephants and wildebeest are examples of carnivores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals breathe out oxygen, which is taken up by plants during photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insects and burrowing animals help to break down soil.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants do not depend on nutrients from animal dung.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi cause the decomposition of plants and animals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nutrients released from decomposed plants and animals are not used by plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some animals, like birds, build their nests on trees.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The forest environment is not a habitat for animals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants and animals do not maintain the right proportion of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals that eat only plants are called omnivores.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sharks are large fish that eat smaller fish and other aquatic animals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mosquitoes depend on plant nectar as their primary food source.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some worms live inside larger animals like cows to obtain food.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants never depend on each other for support or food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes adaptation in living things?

<p>Developing features that suit an organism to its habitat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural living environment of an organism called?

<p>Habitat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences the adaptation of living things?

<p>Behaviour and structural features (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment do some plants grow?

<p>Wet environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the activities that water is required for within a plant?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive water loss in plants lead to?

<p>Wilting or drying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key adaptation of plants growing in dry environments?

<p>Special structures to maintain stored water and prevent water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaf adaptations helps plants in dry environments reduce water loss?

<p>Hairy, spiny, and waxy leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of roots do plants in dry environments typically have?

<p>Deep roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of aquatic plants that are completely submerged in water?

<p>Special adaptation features depending on whether the plant is floating or partially submerged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do floating plants, such as water lilies, spread their leaves?

<p>To get optimal exposure to sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants has roots that are exposed to the surface of water?

<p>Mangroves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are chloroplasts primarily located in floating plants like water lilies?

<p>Only on the surface of leaves exposed to the sun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of covering the lower part of the potted plant with a plastic sheet in the investigation?

<p>To ensure no vapour can escape from the soil within the pot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of breathing roots in aquatic plants?

<p>To help the plant breathe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the investigation, what is expected to be observed on the walls of the transparent bottle after a few hours?

<p>Water droplets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the features that help animals survive in their environment?

<p>Adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a basic adaptive mechanism for animals?

<p>Pollination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is the most likely cause of the water accumulation inside the bottle during the investigation?

<p>Transpiration from the plant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of aquatic plants is described as having strong roots that are well anchored to the bottom of water bodies?

<p>Floating plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals that live in water are said to live in what kind of environment?

<p>Aquatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adaptation of plants that live in dry areas?

<p>Thick leaves with a waxy layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants in dry environments often have a waxy layer on their leaves?

<p>To reflect light and decrease leaf temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of succulent leaves in plants that grow in dry areas?

<p>To store water for future use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these plants is known for storing water in its leaves?

<p>Sisal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness of leaves help plants in dry environments?

<p>It decreases the amount of water lost through the leaf's surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of small, narrow leaves for plants in dry environments?

<p>They decrease water loss through transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic helps water lilies survive in water?

<p>Floating leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of broad leaves in some aquatic plants?

<p>To lose much water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The waxy layer on leaves in dry areas primarily helps in...

<p>Reflecting light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the chloroplasts located on the leaves of aquatic plants like water lilies?

<p>Only on the parts of the leaves exposed to the sun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason plants in dry environments develop small leaves?

<p>To minimize water loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the flowers of water lilies raised above the water?

<p>For pollination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics helps reduce water loss in plants adapted to dry conditions?

<p>Small leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant adaptation allows it to conserve water by reflecting light and reducing leaf temperature?

<p>Waxy leaf layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a plant with broad leaves that grows in water?

<p>Taro (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation helps plants survive in permanently wet soils?

<p>Breathing roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of environment are swamps and wetlands?

<p>Permanently wet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text mentions 'aquatic environments'. What does 'aquatic' mean?

<p>Relating to water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of plants adapted to aquatic environments?

<p>Floating leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would most likely happen to a water lily if its floating leaves were consistently covered in mud?

<p>It would struggle to perform photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness of succulent leaves directly aid plants in dry environments?

<p>By decreasing the amount of water lost through the leaf surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the waxy layer found on the leaves of some plants in dry areas?

<p>To facilitate the reflection of light, decreasing leaf temperature and reducing water loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do plants like sisal and aloe gain by storing water in their leaves?

<p>They can survive extended periods of drought. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants in dry environments often develop small and narrow leaves?

<p>To decrease water loss through transpiration by minimizing surface area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do small leaves with fewer stomata prevent water loss in plants adapted to dry conditions?

<p>By minimizing the surface area through which water can be lost during transpiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST significant benefit of adaptation for living organisms?

<p>It enables them to defend against predators and thrive in various habitats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a combined effect of thick, waxy leaves on plants in arid climates?

<p>Decreased leaf temperature and reduced water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between leaf surface area and water loss in plants adapted to dry conditions?

<p>Smaller surface area leads to decreased water loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ability of an animal to change its appearance contribute to its survival?

<p>It enables the animal to blend with its surroundings, offering protection from predators or aiding in hunting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics would BEST aid a plant's survival in a desert environment with limited water?

<p>Extensive root systems to absorb more water and small, waxy leaves to reduce water loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an organism that fails to adapt adequately to its environment face a high risk of mortality?

<p>Without adaptation, organisms are more susceptible to environmental threats and less able to secure resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels store fat in their humps. How does this adaptation help the camel survive in its environment?

<p>The fat is converted into energy and water when resources are scarce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to dry conditions were introduced into a wet, humid environment, which of its adaptations would likely be LEAST beneficial?

<p>High rates of water absorption in its leaves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Certain animals, like the millipede, roll their bodies into a tight coil when threatened. How does this behavior enhance their survival?

<p>Rolling into a coil protects their soft underparts and presents a hardened exterior to potential predators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adaptations is LEAST likely to be found in plants adapted to dry environments?

<p>Broad, thin leaves to maximize surface area for photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher observes a plant species with leaves that have chloroplasts concentrated only on the upper surface. In what type of environment is this plant most likely to thrive?

<p>A floating aquatic environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the investigation activity, what is the purpose of covering the lower part of the plant with a plastic sheet?

<p>To ensure that any observed water vapor comes only from the plant, not the soil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the transparent bottle in the activity is not completely sealed, how would it most likely affect the outcome of the investigation?

<p>It would lead to an underestimation of water loss due to vapor escape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maria is designing a self-watering system for potted plants using the principles of water conservation observed in desert plants. Which adaptation would be most effective for her to incorporate into the design?

<p>A reservoir that slowly releases water directly to a deep root system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a floating aquatic plant community, several species compete for sunlight. Which adaptation would give a plant the GREATEST competitive advantage?

<p>Leaves that spread out to form a dense canopy on the water's surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant is found to have a waxy coating on its leaves. This adaptation is most likely a response to which environmental challenge?

<p>Water scarcity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do aquatic plants like water lilies have floating leaves?

<p>To anchor part of the stem and roots in water and expose the leaf to sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of broad leaves in plants that grow in water?

<p>To lose much water and control the amount of water in the plant's body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant's leaves are entirely submerged underwater, what is the most likely challenge it would face?

<p>Reduced exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does raising flowers above the water level benefit aquatic plants?

<p>It exposes the flowers for effective pollination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts are present on the parts of water lily leaves that are exposed to the sun. Which process is directly supported by this adaptation?

<p>Photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a plant in a permanently wet environment NOT have thick, waxy leaves?

<p>To prevent over-absorption of water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might increased water turbidity (cloudiness) affect aquatic plants with floating leaves?

<p>It would decrease their exposure to sunlight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a non-aquatic plant was placed in a swampy area, what would be the most likely reason for its struggle to survive?

<p>Roots not adapted to waterlogged soil, leading to suffocation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Farmers sometimes introduce non-native aquatic plants into rice paddies to help control weeds. What is a potential risk of this practice related to biodiversity?

<p>Outcompeting native aquatic plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new disease causes the floating leaves of water lilies to sink. What would be the most immediate consequence for the water lily population?

<p>Reduced photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does camouflage primarily aid animals in their environment?

<p>By enabling them to blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators or capture prey. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of aerial roots in aquatic plants like mangroves?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange and enable the plant to breathe in oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best describes the adaptive mechanism of migration?

<p>A bird species flying south for the winter to find food and warmer temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the development of body coverings aid animals in adapting to their environments?

<p>By providing insulation against extreme temperatures or protection against predators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding animal adaptations important in the context of environmental changes?

<p>It allows us to understand how animals might respond to new challenges and environmental pressures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely consequence if an animal's camouflage is no longer effective due to environmental changes?

<p>The animal may experience increased predation or reduced hunting success. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does estivation, as an adaptive mechanism, primarily benefit animals?

<p>By allowing them to conserve energy and survive in hot, dry conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a terrestrial animal that hibernates experiences unusually warm temperatures during its hibernation period, what is the most likely result?

<p>It may prematurely awaken, depleting its energy reserves and reducing its chances of survival. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might climate change, leading to prolonged droughts, affect animals that rely on migration as an adaptive strategy?

<p>It could disrupt traditional migration routes and reduce the availability of essential resources at destination sites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario would describe an animal adapting to life in a terrestrial environment?

<p>An insect developing a waxy exoskeleton to reduce water loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a waxy layer on succulent leaves help plants survive in dry areas?

<p>It facilitates the reflection of light, decreasing leaf temperature and reducing water loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of thick leaves for plants living in dry environments?

<p>They decrease the amount of water lost through the leaf surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants in dry environments develop small and narrow leaves?

<p>To provide less surface area with stomata, thus preventing excessive water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation allows plants like sisal and aloe to survive periods of water scarcity?

<p>Storing water in their fleshy leaves for later use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined effect of thick and waxy leaves on a plant's ability to conserve water?

<p>They decrease water loss and reflect sunlight, reducing leaf temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants with small leaves benefit in environments with limited water availability?

<p>They lose less water because the reduced surface area decreases transpiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species possessing thin leaves and lacking a waxy surface were introduced to a desert environment, what would be the most likely outcome?

<p>It would quickly dehydrate and struggle to survive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST significant advantage of adaptation for living things in their environment?

<p>It helps them protect themselves from threats and colonize diverse conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the chameleon's ability to change skin color enhance its survival?

<p>It protects it from danger by providing camouflage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do frogs hide in burrows during the dry season, and what survival advantage does this provide?

<p>To conserve moisture; it helps them survive desiccation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant is introduced to a desert environment. Which adaptation would BEST improve its chances of survival?

<p>Thick cuticles on leaves to minimize water loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of reduced leaves like those found on pine trees?

<p>Decreased water loss in dry environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the millipede's defense mechanism of rolling into a tight coil contribute to its survival against predators?

<p>It presents a hard, armored exterior, protecting its vulnerable underside. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main advantage of succulent stems in desert plants like cacti?

<p>Efficient water storage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The baobab tree stores water in its thick stem. How does this adaptation primarily aid the tree's survival?

<p>By providing a reserve of water during dry periods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of wilting in plant leaves?

<p>Insufficient water and excessive transpiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does leaf wilting help plants in hot, dry environments?

<p>By minimizing water loss through transpiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the leaves of some plants, like maize, return to their normal appearance during cooler parts of the day?

<p>The lower temperature reduces the rate of transpiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation would be most beneficial for a plant living in a desert with infrequent rainfall?

<p>Succulent stems for water storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant species exhibits severe wilting during the day but recovers overnight. What does this indicate about the plant's environment?

<p>The environment has fluctuating temperatures and limited water availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a farmer in a dry region modify their agricultural practices to address the issue of wilting in crops like maize?

<p>Implement irrigation techniques to ensure consistent water supply. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural adaptation primarily enables water lilies to thrive in aquatic environments?

<p>Floating leaves that anchor the stem and roots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do broad leaves help plants that grow in water to maintain homeostasis?

<p>They help to control the amount of water within the plant's body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential that the flowers of water lilies are raised above the water surface?

<p>To allow for efficient pollination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the distribution of chloroplasts in water lily leaves relate to their adaptation to aquatic environments?

<p>Chloroplasts are only present on the parts of the leaves exposed to the sun, maximizing photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT an adaptation that enables plants to thrive in aquatic environments?

<p>Needle-like leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to wetlands was transplanted to a desert environment, what would be its most likely initial challenge?

<p>Inability to regulate excessive water loss. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of 'breathing roots' in plants adapted to swampy or wetland conditions?

<p>To absorb oxygen directly from the atmosphere. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist discovers a new aquatic plant species with extremely small leaves. What might be a reasonable hypothesis about its habitat?

<p>It lives in deep, shaded water where light is limited. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might increased water turbidity (cloudiness) due to pollution affect the survival of submerged aquatic plants like water lilies?

<p>It would reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the plants, hindering photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant with floating leaves also developed a thick, waxy coating on those leaves, what environmental condition might this adaptation indicate?

<p>Exposure to intense sunlight, requiring protection from water loss and overheating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how a camel's hump helps it survive in the desert?

<p>It stores fat that can be converted into energy and water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments often have thick layers of fat under their skin. What is the primary purpose of this adaptation?

<p>To prevent the body from losing heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs are susceptible to dehydration. Which of the following is a behavioral adaptation they use to minimize water loss?

<p>Hiding under rocks or in the ground during the dry season. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does camouflage help animals like chameleons survive?

<p>It allows them to blend in with their environment and avoid enemies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit for a tortoise to hide its head and legs under its hard shell?

<p>To protect itself from predators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits would be least helpful for an animal living in a very cold environment?

<p>Thin, soft skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A certain species of frog lives in an area that frequently experiences droughts. Which adaptation would be most beneficial for its survival?

<p>The ability to burrow deep into the soil to avoid dehydration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a population of chameleons lived in a forest where the trees were primarily brown, what color would natural selection likely favor over time?

<p>Brown, for better camouflage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes roll up their bodies when threatened. How does this behavior contribute to their survival?

<p>It protects their vulnerable underside and makes them look like inedible objects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might climate change, leading to increased temperatures and drier conditions, impact animals that rely on camouflage for survival?

<p>They will need to develop new camouflage strategies to match their changing environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants lose water through their roots in a process called transpiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is when plants lose water through their leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments may develop succulent leaves to prevent water loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing thinner leaves is a way for plants in dry environments to prevent water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants will often shed their roots to conserve water during a drought.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Waxy cuticles on leaves help plants conserve water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants absorb more water during a drought.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Narrow plant leaves increase water loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chameleon adapts to its environment by changing the colour of its skin.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pines and cedar are examples of plants with reduced leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants have stems that store water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hump enables camels to survive for a long time without food or water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sisal is an example of a plant that stores water in its leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cactus plants typically have thin, fragile stems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes roll up their bodies to protect themselves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The baobab tree has a stem that can store water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wilting is the process where leaves become plump and rigid due to overwatering.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive transpiration can lead to leaf wilting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting reduces the surface area exposed to the sun, minimizing water loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting is an adaption of plants in humid and cold environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The leaves of maize plant undergo leaf wilting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taro leaves are parts of mangrove trees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mangroves possess aerial roots that help them to breathe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants have breathing roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants lose water through their leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting is a response that can help plants conserve water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only part of a plant that can store water is the roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation helps animals survive in their environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflage is an adaptive mechanism that helps animals attract mates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estivation is a period of inactivity in animals during hot and dry periods.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All animals live in either aquatic or terrestrial environments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural and behavioral characteristics are considered features of organisms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels store water in their humps.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs thrive in dry environments due to their thick skin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chameleons use camouflage to avoid enemies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes defend themselves by standing tall and appearing larger to predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tortoises use camouflage to blend in with their surroundings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments often have thin layers of fat to stay cool.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels need to drink water daily to survive in the desert.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs avoid dehydration by staying out in the sun during the dry season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavioural adaptation for desert animals includes their short legs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation in living things is exclusively influenced by their behavior, with structural features playing a negligible role.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary reason plants require water is solely for the purpose of photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive water loss in plants invariably leads to immediate death rather than wilting or drying.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terrestrial environments are limited to deserts and grasslands. Aquatic environments include oceans, lakes, rivers, streams and ponds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant will increase the size and number of its leaves specifically to enhance water loss in hot environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'habitat' refers to an organism's ability to change its physical characteristics to match its surroundings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation of living things to their environment mainly involves changes in their external appearance, such as coloration, without affecting internal functions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments commonly possess spines and hairy leaves primarily to maximize sunlight absorption.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants, regardless of whether they are floating, submerged, or partially submerged, share identical adaptation features.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water lilies maintain strong roots primarily for nutrient absorption from the water column.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In floating plants like water lilies, chloroplasts are uniformly distributed throughout all leaf tissues to ensure even photosynthesis rates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary purpose of covering the soil with a plastic sheet in the plant investigation is to prevent water from entering the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaves with a thick waxy coating are an adaptation to conserve water by increasing the rate of transpiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If, after three hours, there are significantly fewer water droplets on the inside of the bottle without the plastic wrap, it indicates that the plant is not losing water through its leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The observation of water droplets inside the transparent bottle in the investigation is primarily due to evaporation from the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant's leaves are completely submerged underwater, they will have chloroplasts on the both sides of their leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chameleon adapts to its surrounding by changing the texture of its skin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hump enables camels to survive for a long time without food due to increased surface area for cooling.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having succulent leaves with a waxy layer is a rare characteristic of plants thriving in arid environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thick leaves in plants from dry regions help increase the rate of water loss through the leaf surface.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The waxy layer on succulent leaves promotes water absorption by increasing the leaf's temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sisal and aloe are examples of plants that retain water in their roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water stored in the fleshy leaves of plants like aloe can be utilized during periods of water scarcity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels store water in their humps to survive long periods without drinking.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments often have large, broad leaves to maximize photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments have thin layers of fat and long legs to efficiently lose heat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smaller leaves of a plant increase the area of the leaves used for transpiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs' thick, tough skin helps them retain water in dry environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments develop very large and wide leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of stomata impacts on the surface area of leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavioral adaptations for frogs include remaining active during the dry season to maximize water intake.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A waxy layer in plants in dry environments increases the absorption of light.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflage is an animal behavior where they change their skin to attract mates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes avoid predators by running away as fast as possible.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tortoise's shell provides no protective advantage against predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal's ability to metabolize fat for water is an example of a behavioral adaptation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a chameleon did not change color, it might be more vulnerable to predators.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terrestrial environments encompass deserts, grasslands, bushes, and forests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic environments consist solely of oceans and lakes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms develop traits that hinder their survival in a particular habitat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A habitat is the term used to describe the non-living components of an organism's environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in hot environments absorb water through their leaves to facilitate cooling.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive water loss in plants invariably leads to increased photosynthetic activity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ephebophytes, characterized by crassulescent farina and hypogeal stemmata, exemplify a highly specialized adaptation for the optimization of atmospheric nitrogen fixation in xeric environments; therefore, inhibiting photorespiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels store water in their humps, allowing them to survive long periods without drinking.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments have thick fat layers and long legs to conserve heat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs avoid dehydration by having thick skin that prevents water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes utilize a complex chemical defense mechanism involving the release of toxic compounds to deter predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The metabolic rate of hibernating arctic ground squirrels decreases to approximately 1% of its normal active rate, allowing them to survive for extended periods with minimal energy expenditure.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is the process by which plants absorb water through their roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments never shed their leaves, even in extreme drought conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Succulent leaves help plants in dry environments by providing a water storage mechanism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A waxy cuticle on leaves increases water loss by creating a slippery surface.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with large stems are commonly found in extremely arid environments because the stems facilitate rapid transpiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Narrow or small leaves can be an adaptation to reduce water loss in dry environments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Folding leaves increases the surface area exposed to the sun, which helps in photosynthesis during dry conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a drought, plants increase water absorption from the soil to compensate for the increased water loss through leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants in the desert shed all of their leaves simultaneously at the onset of the dry season to ensure maximum water conservation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation $\frac{dV}{dt} = -kS$, where $V$ is the water volume of a plant, $t$ is time, $k$ is a transpiration constant, and $S$ is the leaf surface area, suggests that a larger leaf surface area decreases the rate of water volume reduction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with floating leaves, such as water lilies, have chloroplasts present only on parts of the leaves exposed to sunlight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All aquatic plants have flowers which are raised above the water surface to facilitate pollination.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants like taro, adapted to aquatic environments, use narrow leaves to minimize water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants anchor their stem and root using floating leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The orientation of maize leaves changes throughout the day to optimize water absorption.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in permanently wet soils lack specialized adaptations, relying solely on environmental conditions for survival.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating leaves of aquatic plants always have stomata on both the upper and abaxial (lower) surfaces for enhanced gas exchange.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of broad leaves in aquatic plants is to enhance the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the surrounding water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants that thrive in wetland environments possess aerenchyma tissue to facilitate oxygen transport to submerged roots.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant's ability to thrive in specific environment is solely determined by a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern involving single allele.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants adapted to dry environments typically have thin, delicate leaves to maximize water absorption.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants do not require any special adaptation features to survive in or on water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating plants, such as water lilies, typically have weakly developed root systems that float freely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water lilies spread their leaves to form canopies in order to minimize exposure to direct sunlight.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating plants have chloroplasts distributed evenly throughout all layers of their leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the plant investigation, covering the lower part of the plant with plastic ensures that any observed water vapor comes directly from the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If no condensation is observed inside the transparent bottle after five hours in the sun, it definitively proves the plant is not transpiring.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant's ability to thrive is solely dependent on its root structure; leaf adaptations play no significant role in its overall survival strategy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the experiment is conducted on a day with $99%$ relative humidity, significantly more water accumulation will be observed on the walls of the transparent bottle, compared to a day with $10%$ relative humidity, assuming identical temperature and light conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the natural living environment of an organism?

<p>Habitat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when an organism develops features that help it survive in its environment?

<p>Adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a terrestrial environment?

<p>Desert (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an aquatic environment?

<p>River (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the cooling of a plant?

<p>Loss of water through the leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to a plant if it loses too much water?

<p>It will wilt or dry out. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the special structures that plants in dry environments possess?

<p>To maintain stored water and prevent water loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way animals can protect themselves from threats?

<p>Changing their appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adaptation help living things do in their environment?

<p>Colonize and survive in different conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if an organism does NOT adapt to its environment?

<p>It may die (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common leaf adaptation for plants in dry environments?

<p>Thick, fleshy leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the chameleon adapt to its environment?

<p>By changing the color of its skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants in dry environments have narrow leaves?

<p>To reduce the amount of water loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the camel's hump?

<p>To help camels survive for a long time without food or water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having hairy or spiny leaves in plants adapted to dry climates?

<p>To reduce water loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants in dry environments often have waxy leaves?

<p>To reduce water loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature helps floating plants like water lilies get optimal sunlight exposure?

<p>Leaves that spread and form canopies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are chloroplasts primarily located in the leaves of floating plants?

<p>Only on the surface of leaves exposed to the sun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the plastic sheet in the activity primarily prevent from escaping the pot?

<p>Vapour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the activity, what is observed on the walls of the transparent bottle after a few hours?

<p>Water droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of adaptation in animals?

<p>To help them survive in their environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptive mechanism involves animals moving to a different region?

<p>Migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of plants growing in dry areas that helps them conserve water?

<p>Thick leaves with a waxy layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the waxy layer on the leaves of some plants in dry environments?

<p>To reflect light and decrease leaf temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an adaptive mechanism where animals develop protective outer layers?

<p>Development of body coverings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the type of root that some aquatic plants, like mangroves, use to breathe?

<p>Breathing roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants in dry environments have smaller leaves?

<p>To decrease water loss through transpiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation helps plants like sisal and aloe survive in dry conditions?

<p>Storing water in their leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of environment do mangroves commonly grow?

<p>Coastal areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thickness of leaves in plants adapted to dry climates?

<p>Decreasing the amount of water lost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of leaf wilting in plants?

<p>To reduce water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptive mechanism allows an animal to blend in with its environment?

<p>Camouflage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adaptation that helps plants minimize water loss?

<p>Developing small and narrow leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when an animal becomes inactive during hot, dry periods?

<p>Estivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stomata in the context of water loss in plants?

<p>They allow water to be released from the leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is the process of water loss from a plant. How does a waxy layer on leaves reduce transpiration?

<p>By reflecting light, which decreases leaf temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common threat that causes animals to develop protective mechanisms?

<p>Being eaten by others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is well-known for storing water in its fleshy leaves?

<p>Mshubiri (Aloe vera) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for places where animals live?

<p>Environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is well known for growing in dry environments?

<p>Sisal (Mkonge) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of thick, fleshy leaves for plants adapted to dry environments?

<p>Reducing water loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aquatic plants like water lilies, what is the purpose of having strong roots that are well-anchored to the bottom of water bodies?

<p>To provide stability against currents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the formation of canopies by the leaves of floating aquatic plants primarily benefit the plant?

<p>It maximizes exposure to sunlight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do floating plants typically have chloroplasts only on the surface of their leaves exposed to the sun?

<p>To maximize light absorption for photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of covering the lower part of the potted plant with a plastic sheet in the described activity?

<p>To prevent water vapor from escaping from the soil. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the activity, if water droplets are observed on the walls of the transparent bottle, what process is primarily responsible for this?

<p>Condensation of water transpired by the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many plants in dry environments have narrow or spiny leaves. How does this adaptation aid their survival?

<p>By reducing the amount of surface area exposed to air, thus reducing water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ability to metabolize fat stored in its hump primarily benefit a camel?

<p>It provides the camel with a reserve of energy and water during periods of scarcity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do animals living in cold environments typically have thick layers of fat under their skin?

<p>To insulate their bodies and minimize heat loss to the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason frogs are vulnerable to dehydration?

<p>They have thin, soft skin that easily loses moisture to the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does camouflage, as exhibited by chameleons, primarily aid in their survival?

<p>It provides them with protection from predators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What survival advantage does the tortoise gain by withdrawing its head and legs into its shell?

<p>Protection from predators by creating a hard, impenetrable exterior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which plants lose water to the environment?

<p>Transpiration through the leaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation is most effective for a plant in a dry environment to minimize water loss?

<p>Shedding leaves during dry seasons to reduce transpiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition would a plant most likely shed its leaves as an adaptation?

<p>When the soil has a shortage of water, such as during a drought. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does developing a waxy cuticle on leaves aid plants in adapting to dry environments?

<p>It reduces water loss by creating an impermeable layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of a plant having narrow or small leaves in a dry environment?

<p>It reduces the surface area available for water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants in dry environments develop large stems?

<p>To store water and nutrients for use during dry periods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of plants folding their leaves in response to dry conditions?

<p>To reduce exposure to wind and lower the rate of transpiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the continuous absorption of water from the soil help plants compensate for water loss through leaves?

<p>It replaces the water lost during transpiration, maintaining hydration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plant adaptation, what is the relationship between water availability in the soil and the rate of plant transpiration?

<p>Transpiration decreases as water availability decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation primarily helps plants in dry areas reduce water loss through their leaves?

<p>Possessing small and narrow leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a waxy layer on succulent leaves help plants survive in dry climates?

<p>By facilitating the reflection of light, thus decreasing leaf temperature and reducing transpiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thick leaves found on some plants in dry environments?

<p>To decrease the amount of water lost through the leaf surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants like sisal and aloe store water in their leaves?

<p>To have a water reserve during times of scarcity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adaptation that allows water lilies to thrive in aquatic environments?

<p>Floating leaves that anchor the stem and roots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants that grow in water possess broad leaves?

<p>To lose more water and control its internal water level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environmental challenges is directly addressed by plants having small leaves?

<p>Water Scarcity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does decreasing a leaf’s temperature contribute to water conservation in plants adapted to dry conditions?

<p>By reducing water loss through transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In water lilies, where are chloroplasts primarily located?

<p>Only on the parts of the leaves exposed to sunlight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do water lilies raise their flowers above the water surface?

<p>To facilitate pollination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of minimizing the surface area of leaves with stomata for plants in arid environments?

<p>Preventing water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plants adapted to dry climates, what is the relationship between leaf size and water loss?

<p>Larger leaves increase water loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key adaptation that allows certain plants to survive in soils that are permanently wet, such as swamps and wetlands?

<p>Breathing roots. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the adaptation of broad leaves help plants like taro control their water content?

<p>By increasing water loss through transpiration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond water storage, how else might succulent leaves with a waxy layer benefit plants in hot, dry environments?

<p>By protecting against intense sunlight and reducing heat absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes how floating leaves aid aquatic plant survival?

<p>They ensure the plant receives adequate sunlight for photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sisal and aloe plants have fleshy leaves, which adaptation allows them to thrive in specific conditions?

<p>Dry or arid climates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to aquatic environments was introduced into a very dry area, what would most likely happen?

<p>It would struggle to survive due to increased water loss and dehydration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the location of chloroplasts primarily on the leaves that are exposed to the sun such an important adaptation for water lilies?

<p>It allows efficient photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the adaptations of aquatic plants, what would be the most significant disadvantage for a typical land plant placed in a wetland environment?

<p>Lack of adaptations for dealing with excessive water and potentially anaerobic soil conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thick fur found on animals in cold environments primarily aid their survival?

<p>By minimizing heat loss from their bodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains why frogs are typically found in moist environments?

<p>They have thin skin that makes them susceptible to water loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chameleon changes its skin color to match its environment when threatened. What survival advantage does this adaptation provide?

<p>It helps the chameleon to avoid detection by predators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does storing fat in its hump help a camel survive in the desert?

<p>It can be converted into energy and water when needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes curl into a tight ball when threatened. What is the primary benefit of this behavior?

<p>It protects their soft underbellies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation is LEAST likely to be found in plants living in dry environments?

<p>Broad, thin leaves to maximize sunlight capture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do floating aquatic plants, like water lilies, primarily have chloroplasts on the upper surface of their leaves?

<p>To maximize exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary benefit do strong, well-anchored roots provide to floating aquatic plants?

<p>Helping the plant remain stable against currents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to a dry environment were grown in a consistently wet environment, what would MOST likely occur over time?

<p>It might develop root rot and struggle to survive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the activity described, what is the purpose of covering the lower part of the potted plant with a plastic sheet?

<p>To ensure that any observed water vapor comes from the plant, not the soil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the activity, what process primarily leads to the appearance of water droplets on the inside of the transparent bottle?

<p>Condensation of water vapor released by the plant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the MOST important control measure to add to the described activity to ensure the results are valid?

<p>Including a bottle with just soil and plastic cover, but no plant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary advantage of reduced leaves in plants like pines and cedars?

<p>Reduction of water loss in dry conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adaptive advantage of succulent stems, like those found in cacti?

<p>Effective water storage in arid environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thick stem of a baobab tree primarily contribute to its survival?

<p>By storing water to withstand dry periods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants, like maize, show leaf wilting during the day and recover at night?

<p>To reduce water loss during the hottest part of the day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation is most effective for plants in hot, dry environments to conserve water?

<p>Undergoing leaf wilting to minimize surface area exposed to the sun. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does leaf wilting help plants survive in dry environments?

<p>By minimizing water loss through transpiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation for water conservation in plants?

<p>Large, broad leaves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to a desert environment were moved to a tropical rainforest, which of its adaptations would likely be least beneficial?

<p>Thick, water-storing stems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plant adaptations to environmental conditions, how does a cactus differ from a maize plant?

<p>A cactus stores water in its stem, while maize wilts to reduce water loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do succulent leaves with a waxy layer help plants thrive in dry areas?

<p>They reduce water loss and reflect excess light, maintaining lower leaf temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness of leaves contribute to the survival of plants in dry environments?

<p>It decreases the amount of water lost through the surface of the leaf. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage for plants like sisal and aloe to store water in their leaves?

<p>It provides a reserve to use when water is scarce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do small and narrow leaves help plants in dry environments?

<p>By minimizing the surface area through which water can be lost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way the waxy layer on leaves of some plants helps them survive in hot climates?

<p>It reflects light, which helps keep the leaf cooler. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation allows plants to efficiently conserve water by minimizing the number of stomata exposed to the environment?

<p>Having very small and narrow leaves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is reducing a leaf’s temperature important for plants in dry environments?

<p>It reduces water loss through transpiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a plant with thick, waxy leaves respond differently to increased sunlight compared to a plant with thin leaves and no waxy coating?

<p>It would maintain a lower leaf temperature and lose less water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant species adapted to dry environments were transplanted to a wet, humid environment, which of its adaptations might be least beneficial?

<p>All of the above might be less beneficial. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does camouflage primarily aid animals in their survival?

<p>By enabling them to blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators or ambush prey. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of breathing roots in aquatic plants like mangroves?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange, allowing the plant to obtain oxygen in a waterlogged environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptive mechanism involves animals moving from one region to another, often in response to seasonal changes?

<p>Migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of animals developing specialized body coverings?

<p>To regulate internal body temperature and provide protection from predators or environmental hazards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes estivation from hibernation as an adaptive mechanism?

<p>Estivation is a period of inactivity in response to hot and dry conditions, while hibernation is a response to cold conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the timing of watering plants important for their health and survival?

<p>Watering plants in the early morning or late evening reduces water loss due to evaporation, allowing better absorption by the roots. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does leaf wilting serve as an adaptive mechanism for plants?

<p>It reduces water loss through transpiration by decreasing the surface area exposed to the air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how animals adapt to terrestrial environments?

<p>Developing strong limbs and efficient respiratory systems to thrive on land. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might an animal living in an aquatic environment adapt to maintain buoyancy?

<p>By increasing the production of insulating fat layers and swim bladders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do terrestrial animals face that aquatic animals typically do not?

<p>Conserving water and dealing with gravity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living things can only occupy terrestrial environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oceans are an example of a terrestrial environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation refers to the features an organism develops to suit its surroundings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A habitat is an artificial environment where organisms are kept in a controlled setting.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation is only influenced by structural features, not behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants require water for processes such as photosynthesis and cooling.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive water retention always benefits plants, leading to healthier growth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of losing water through leaves is called transportation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is the process of plants losing water through their leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments have no adaptations to reduce water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing succulent leaves helps plants prevent water loss in dry areas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants shed leaves in wet seasons in order to conserve water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing leaves with waxy cuticles is an adaptation to prevent water loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Having large leaves helps plants prevent water loss in dry environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants absorb substantially more water during a drought.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Narrow plant leaves reduce water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chameleon adapts to its environment by changing the pattern of its fur.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hump enables camels to survive for a long time with food but not water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cactus is an example of a plant that stores water in its leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural and behavioural aspects are not considered features of living things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments often have thin layers of fat under their skin to stay cool.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs thrive in dry, desert environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs address water loss issues through morphological and behavioural adaptations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chameleons use camouflage to attract mates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflage involves changing appearance to resemble the environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in aquatic environments may have floating leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes defend themselves by attacking their enemies directly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water lilies have floating roots that anchor them in the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tortoises can protect themselves by retracting into their shells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts in floating leaves are found on all parts of the leaf.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic flowers are raised above water for pollination.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments typically have long legs to help them move faster through snow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taro plants are adapted to lose water because of their narrow leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in wetlands never have broad leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with floating leaves do not need roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing roots are an adaptation for plants in dry environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants that live in water have the same adaptations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with broad leaves conserve water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments commonly have thin leaves to maximize water absorption from the air.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants, regardless of whether they are floating or submerged, lack unique adaptation features.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water lilies have weak roots that are poorly anchored to the bottom of water bodies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating plants such as water lilies strategically spread their leaves to form a canopy to maximize exposure to sunlight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants that float on the surface usually have chloroplasts distributed evenly throughout all leaf layers for photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the plant investigation experiment, covering the soil is crucial to ensure that any observed water vapor comes exclusively from the plant.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation refers to the process where an organism enhances features to thrive in a specific habitat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an aquatic plant is fully submerged it still needs adaptations in order to survive.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants, regardless of their environment, lose water at the same rate through their leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive water loss in plants invariably leads to enhanced photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The plastic sheet in the investigation is there to encourage more vapours to escape from the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaves are primarily composed of endoplasts on the surfaces that are exposed to sunlight.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Terrestrial environments are exclusively limited to deserts and grasslands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental safety is not related to the adaptation of living things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic environments are restricted to only oceans and lakes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments sometimes lack specific structures that help them retain water and reduce water loos.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chameleon's adaptation involves altering its skin color to blend with its environment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels store water directly in their humps for use in arid environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sisal plants are characterized by specialized roots designed for efficient water storage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments typically have long legs and thin fur to dissipate heat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes utilize a defense mechanism that involves extending their bodies to appear larger to potential predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camels rely on the hump as a primary means of long-term survival by preserving excess fat, which can be metabolized into energy and water when resources get depleted.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs minimize water loss by developing thick, impermeable skin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflage involves an animal changing its appearance to blend with its surroundings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with narrow leaves tend to decrease water loss through transpiration, which increases their survival rate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes defend themselves by emitting a noxious odor.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural and behavioral adaptations are mutually exclusive; an organism exhibits one or the other, but not both.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a tortoise to retract its head and legs into its shell represents a behavioral adaptation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal's adaptation mechanism to its environment is an instantaneous change, not a gradual development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavioural adaptations in frogs involve remaining active during the dry season to maximize foraging opportunities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal's capacity to adapt to its surroundings is predominantly influenced by acquired traits rather than inherited characteristics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mangrove trees utilize aerial roots to facilitate gas exchange in terrestrial environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting is a mechanism employed by plants to minimize water loss, thereby aiding in their survival during periods of drought or limited water availability.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants primarily store water in their leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Watering plants during the hottest part of the day maximizes water absorption efficiency due to increased transpiration rates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflaging is an adaptive mechanism where animals change color to attract mates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Migration is an adaptive strategy predominantly used by animals in tropical regions to avoid seasonal changes in temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hibernation always involves lowering of body temperature and slowing of metabolic processes for energy conservation during periods of food scarcity or cold weather.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estivation is a state of dormancy similar to hibernation, but it is specifically an adaptation to withstand extremely cold temperatures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of body coverings, such as scales on fish or fur on mammals, serves solely as a means of protection against predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic animals lack specific adaptations for buoyancy, relying solely on muscle power to stay afloat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A habitat is the natural living environment of an organism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation is a condition in which an organism develops features that suits it to a habitat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants require the same amount of water regardless of their environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is when plants gain water through their stems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis does not require water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structures that help plants maintain stored water are adaptations to dry condition.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in wetlands do not have specific adaptations to survive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with large, thick stems are commonly found in aquatic environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water lilies have floating leaves.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acacia tree is known for having a large and thick stem that can store water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taro plants have small, narrow leaves to prevent water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts in floating leaves are present equally throughout the leaf.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting is when plant leaves experience drying, and withering due to insufficient water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wilting of leaves increases the surface area exposed to the sun.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in wetlands only grow in dry soils.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting is a mechanism to maximize water loss in dry environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flowers of aquatic plants are typically submerged underwater.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broad leaves help plants conserve water in aquatic environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting only happens once a day.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wilting is a sign of healthy hydration of the plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants can survive on the surface of water without special adaptations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maize plant is able to undergo leaf wilting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating leaves anchor the entire plant above the water surface.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structural and behavioural aspects are not considered features of organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals in cold environments have thin layers of fat under their skin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs thrive in dry environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frogs avoid dehydration by staying active during the dry season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chameleons use camouflage to blend in with their surroundings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Millipedes attract enemies by rolling up their bodies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tortoises cannot protect themselves from enemies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal's features do not help it to survive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals adapt to their surroundings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation solely relies on behavioral changes in organisms, with structural features playing a negligible role.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A habitat is best described as a condition in which an organism develops features that suits it to reside in a specific environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All terrestrial environments are characterized by an abundance of water resources that support diverse plant life without any adaptation mechanisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in hot environments exclusively absorb water through their leaves to facilitate cooling, regardless of water availability in the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive water loss in plants is a beneficial process that enhances the structural integrity and overall health of the plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants that thrive in dry environments, also known as hydrophytes, are well known for lacking specialized structuctures to maintain or conserve water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis depends on water and is not affected by the environmental temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Animals' ability to adapt ensures their vulnerability to environmental threats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chameleon's adaptation involves altering its size to blend seamlessly into its surroundings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The camel's hump stores primarily water, enabling it to traverse arid landscapes for extended periods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with smaller, broader leaves are typically well-suited to conserve water in arid environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A millipede's primary defense mechanism involves injecting venom into its predators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through their roots.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants in dry environments often develop succulent leaves as an adaptation to store water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of waxy cuticles on leaves increases the rate of transpiration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Large, broad leaves are typical adaptations of plants in dry environments to maximize water absorption.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shedding leaves during a drought helps plants conserve more water than retaining them.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During periods of drought, plants increase water absorption to compensate for water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant experiences continuous water absorption, it will never need to shed its leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing large stems helps plants in dry environments by allowing them to store more water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Folding leaves increases the surface area exposed to sunlight, helping plants in dry environments photosynthesize more efficiently.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Floating leaves of aquatic plants like water lilies contain chloroplasts throughout, ensuring maximum photosynthesis even in submerged parts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broad leaves in plants like taro help in conserving water by reducing the surface area exposed to the air.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants with floating leaves typically have their roots anchored in the soil beneath the water, providing stability.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of broad leaves in aquatic plants is to enhance nutrient absorption from the water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic plants exclusively rely on underwater pollination due to their adaptation to aquatic environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants adapted to aquatic environments never develop specialized roots as their water needs are directly met.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The size of a leaf has no impact to the survival of a plant in aquatic environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants like water lilies are able to survive in water because they have very narrow leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taro leaves, as depicted, are an example of an adaptation that allows plants to thrive in extremely arid environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing roots, such as those found in mangroves, are primarily responsible for nutrient absorption from the soil.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts in water lilly leaves, are found on all parts of the leaf, especially those exposed to the dark.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taro plants conserve water due to their small leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf wilting in plants is a mechanism to increase the rate of photosynthesis during periods of high water availability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All plants store water exclusively in their leaves to ensure quick access during photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Watering plants during the hottest part of the day is the most effective way to ensure maximum water absorption and minimize water loss.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptation is a process by which animals modify their immediate behavior to respond to a sudden environmental change. This is always reversible.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Camouflage is an adaptive mechanism where animals develop bright, contrasting colors to warn predators of their toxicity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Migration is primarily driven by the animal's desire to explore new territories, rather than by seasonal resource availability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hibernation is a state of increased metabolic activity that allows animals to actively hunt during the coldest months.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estivation, similar to hibernation, is an adaptive strategy employed by animals as a response to extremely low temperatures and icy conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biotic Component

The living components of an environment, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Microorganism examples

Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are key parts of the biotic environment.

Plant's food source

Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis.

Plant Soil Nutrients

Plants get vital nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil via their roots.

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Plant's Abiotic Needs

The abiotic environment provides crucial elements like water, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and suitable temperatures for plant growth.

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Animal's Oxygen Intake

Animals breathe in oxygen from the atmosphere, which is essential for energy production for activities.

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Aquatic Animals

Fish, crocodiles, and whales live in water which provides shelter and other support for these organisms.

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Abiotic Environment

Non-living factors in an environment.

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Interdependence

A relationship where organisms rely on each other.

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Carbon Dioxide

Animals get this from plants; plants get this from animals.

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Pollination

To carry pollen from one flower to another, enabling fertilization.

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Seed Dispersal

To spread seeds away from the parent plant.

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Nutrients

Substances from decaying organisms that plants need to grow.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants make their own food.

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Herbivores

Animals that only eat plants.

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Examples of herbivores

Cattle, goats, antelopes, elephants and wildebeest.

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Water Pollution

When harmful substances enter a body of water, negatively affecting aquatic life.

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Pesticides and Herbicides

Chemicals used to kill pests and weeds, which can contaminate water sources.

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Deforestation

The removal of trees from a forested area.

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Drought

A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.

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Crop Yield

The amount of crop produced per unit area (e.g., per acre).

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Oxygen

A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis and used by animals for respiration.

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Carnivores

Animals that consume only meat.

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How Animals Obtain Food

Eating plants and/or other animals for sustenance.

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Plant-Animal Gas Exchange

Animals eat plants, while plants use carbon dioxide from animals.

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Animal Migration

The movement of animals from one region to another, often in search of food or resources.

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Habitat Loss

The loss of a natural environment due to various factors, impacting living organisms.

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Starvation

The state of not having enough food to survive.

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Habitat

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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Natural Disaster

A natural event, like drought, that negatively impacts the environment

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Environmental Destruction

Negative changes to an environment.

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Carnivore food shortage

Death of herbivores leads to food shortage for carnivores.

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Forest clearing effects

Clearing forests destroys homes for animals.

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Drought's aquatic impact

Rivers drying up can kill fish and plants.

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Migration cause

Moving to find food or resources during scarcity.

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Environmental Destruction: Food

Damaging the environment leads to a lack of food for animals.

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Plant's Environmental Dependence

Abiotic factors like water, wind, light, and temperature needed for plants to survive

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Nutrients from Soil

Plants get these from the soil through their roots.

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Oxygen for Animals

The gas that animals breathe in from the atmosphere, vital for energy production.

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Omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and other animals.

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Shark's Diet

Large fish that prey on smaller aquatic animals.

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Mosquito's Food Source

Some insects, like mosquitoes, rely on this blood as their food source.

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Plant Dependency

Plants depend on one another for support and also creep/twine around for their food.

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Plants Growing on Plants

Plants that grow on other plants to be exposed to sunlight.

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Plant Nutrients from Humus

Important substances plants obtain which come from decomposed plants.

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Meat eating animals

Eat only meat.

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Plant eating animals

Eat plants only.

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Animal consumption

Animals eat each other.

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Nutrient adding animals

Add nutrients.

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Human Food Source

Plants or plant products consumed by humans, like vegetables and fruits.

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Plants and Atmospheric Gases

Plants create oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, crucial for animal respiration.

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Animal-Plant Gas Exchange

Animals release carbon dioxide during respiration which plants use during photosynthesis.

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Burrowing Animals Benefit

Breaking down soil particles, increasing soil aeration for plant roots.

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Animal Dung

Animal waste provides essential nutrients to the soil for plant growth.

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Decomposers Role

Organisms that decompose dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

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Decomposition

The process where dead organisms are broken down into simpler substances.

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Microorganisms

Microscopic organisms, like bacteria and fungi, that break down organic matter.

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Habitat Loss (Birds)

Loss of shelter due to the absence of grass and trees.

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Humus origin

Waste products and remains of dead organisms decomposed

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Animal reliance on plants

Animals depend on plants for food and the oxygen released during photosynthesis.

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Edible plant parts

Roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds are consumed by animals.

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O2 & CO2 exchange

Plants use carbon dioxide produced by animals, and animals use oxygen released by plants in a continuous cycle.

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Soil bacteria/fungi function

They break down dead organic matter into nutrients that plants can use.

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Carnivore examples

Lions, leopards, hyenas, and cheetahs.

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Eagle's diet

Eagles eat smaller birds and small animals like chicks, rats and rabbits.

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Animals eaten by humans

Ducks, chickens, cattle, and goats.

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Ecological Balance

A state where the number of plants, herbivores, and carnivores are balanced in an environment.

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Carnivore-Herbivore Ratio

If carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores, carnivores won't get enough food and may die.

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Human Activities

Activities such as mining, agriculture, uncontrolled tree cutting, and uncontrolled fires.

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Animal Impact on Soil

Animals eat plants and produce dung to increase soil fertility.

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Humus Formation

Decomposed living things turn into humus, part of fertile soil.

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Human impact on soil

Human activities (fertilizers) can change soil acidity and salinity.

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Mining and Soil Formation

Mining/quarrying helps break down rocks into soil.

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Roots Preventing Erosion

Plant roots hold soil firmly, preventing erosion.

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Forests and Rain

Forests increase water vaper in the air, making rain.

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Abiotic Dependence

Rain depends on living things like trees.

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Humus function

Dead plants and animals decompose and add minerals beneficial to plant growth.

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Living Organisms

Living organisms help to maintain the abiotic environment.

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Breaking Rocks into Soil

Mining breaks rocks down facilitating soil formation.

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Abiotic Factors

Gases from the atmosphere, water, and the sun's light are non-living things in an environment.

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Key Soil Nutrients

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are elements absorbed from the soil which allow plants to grow.

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Favorable Temperature

The temperature and exposure to elements can affect plants; what is the weather like?

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Oxygen Consumption

Animals breathe in oxygen from the atmosphere, which is used in the body to produce power.

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Oxygen and Water

Gas from air and water are two key elements needed by organisms to survive.

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Mosquito Food

Insects that feed on human blood.

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Plant Support

Some plants use others for physical support, climbing or twining around them.

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Plants and food

Plants that directly obtain nutrients from other plants.

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Humus

A substance formed from decomposed organic matter.

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Sunlight access

Plants grow on trees to reach sunlight.

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Nitrate Source

Plants receive them by absorbing through their roots.

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Nutrient Source

These nutrients come from humus formed from decaying plants.

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Animal Dependence

Some animals live inside others to obtain their food.

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Abiotic Environment Dependence

Non-living components of an environment which organisms need to survive.

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Environmental Interdependence

Living organisms depend on each other to survive in their environment.

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Animal Dependence on Plants

Animals rely on plants as a source of sustenance.

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Plants as Food Source

Plants are a primary source of nutrition, providing energy.

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Plant Food Storage

Stored in different structures such as roots, stems and fruits.

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Plant Food Ingredients

Water, carbon dioxide, and light energy from the sun.

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Plant food production

The process by which plants create their own food using light, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Plant dependence on animals

Carbon dioxide, pollination, seed dispersal and nutrients when they decay.

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Predator

An animal that eats other animals.

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Prey

Animals hunted by other animals for food.

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Prey Examples

Antelopes, impala, wildebeest, giraffe and zebra.

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Ecology Definition

The study of interactions between living things and their environment.

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Ecology Focus

Living things interacting with each other and their non-living surroundings.

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Ecosystem

When living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors interact as a unit.

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Environment

Everything surrounding us, including both living and non-living components.

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Ecosystem Formation

A system formed by living and non-living things interacting.

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Ecology Benefit

Teaches the importance of protecting natural resources.

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Living things Interaction

Includes plants, animals, and microorganisms interacting

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Sunlight

The main source of light energy for the environment.

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Examples of Macro Fauna

Animals such as birds, lizards, snakes, frogs, fish, lions, and insects.

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Examples of Macro Flora

Includes different types of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses

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Insect Examples

Include cockroaches, locusts, grasshoppers, butterflies, bees, ants and termites.

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Abiotic from Biotic

Using living things to derive a nonliving component from the biotic component is called:

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CO2 for Photosynthesis

Plants depend on this non-living atmospheric gas for photosynthesis.

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NPK Nutrients

Plants need these 3 elements from soil to thrive.

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Wind Pollination

Some plants rely on this element in order to spread their pollen

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Animals and Oxygen

The atmospheric gas that animals breathe in to burn food for energy.

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Abiotic for Animals

Gas in atmosphere & Water.

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Abiotic factors for plant

Abiotic elements vital for plant's environmental dependence.

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Water

The environment aquatic animals live in.

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Human Plant Consumption

Humans consume plants or plant products like vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, taro, groundnuts, beans, maize, sorghum, and fruits for sustenance.

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Plant Oxygen Production

Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis, which is then used by animals for breathing.

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Animal Carbon Dioxide Release

Animals breathe out carbon dioxide, which plants use during photosynthesis.

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Animal Soil Aeration

Burrowing animals mix and aerate the soil, providing air for plant roots.

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Animal Dung as Fertilizer

Animal dung provides essential nutrients to the soil, supporting plant growth.

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Decomposition Nutrient Release

When plants and animals decompose, nutrients are released back into the soil.

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Microorganism Decomposition Role

Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi decompose dead organisms, enriching the soil.

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Nutrient Recycling

Decomposed plants and animals release nutrients used by plants for growth.

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Birds Nesting Materials

Birds use grass and tree leaves for building nests, relying on these materials for shelter.

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Forest Habitat

Forests provide habitats for animals like monkeys and chimpanzees.

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Abiotic Reliance

Living organisms rely on the non-living environment for things like food and shelter.

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Plants to Animals

Plants provide animals with food and oxygen.

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Dead plant nutrients

When plants decay, they provide nutrients to the soil that animals can use.

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Animals Eat Plants

Animals that consume plants.

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Animal Dung Benefit

Animal waste that enriches soil.

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Human Actitivies Effect

Human actions that alter the environment.

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Quarrying & Soil

Rock breakdown aiding soil creation.

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Roots Prevent Soil Erosion

Prevent soil displacement in the ground.

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Forests and Water Vapor

Increases the water concentration of the atmosphere.

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Rain Formation

Water falling from the sky due to high condensation.

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Herbivore drought impact

Animals that eat plants may die due to lack of food during drought.

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Drought: Aquatic Organisms

Drought causes bodies of water to dry up, killing aquatic life.

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Migration or Death

Environmental damage can cause animals to migrate in search of food or die if food is unattainable.

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Habitat loss: forests

Forest destruction leads to animals losing their habitats.

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Carnivore's plight

Carnivores may migrate or die due to a lack of food when herbivores die. Environmental destruction can cause the death of herbivores.

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Photosynthesis Function

The process where plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to create their own food (glucose) and release oxygen.

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Decomposition Definition

The process of breaking down dead plants and animals into simpler substances.

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Decomposer Organisms

Tiny organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil.

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Nutrients Definition

Substances released during decomposition that plants need to grow.

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Burrowing Animals Effect

Animals that dig in the soil and help mix it, increasing air flow for plant roots.

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Soil Aeration Function

The air spaces in soil that allow plant roots to breathe.

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Ecological Balance Importance

Maintaining a balanced number of plants, herbivores, and carnivores in an area.

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Carnivore Population

Carnivores will starve if they greatly outnumber herbivores.

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Herbivore Population

Herbivores will die if they greatly outnumber the plants.

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Environmental Destruction Consequence

Results in a shortage of pastures for domestic and wild animals.

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Environmental Degradation Effect

Leads to unreliable rainfall and drought.

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Drought Defined

When there's not enough rain for an extended period of time

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Drought Result

Terrestrial animals that depend on plants may die.

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Destruction

Any negative change to an environment.

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Ecology

The study of interactions between living things and their environment.

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Ecosystem defined

A natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and microorganisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment

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Ecology defined

Ecology studies how living things interact with each other, and with their environment.

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Environment defined

The sum of all the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism.

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Importance of ecology

Understanding these interactions helps us protect ecosystems and their components.

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Prey Animals

Antelopes, impala, wildebeest, giraffe, and zebra are consumed by carnivores.

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Animal Interdependence

The way different animals rely on each other for survival.

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Dependence

Animals like lions, leopards and cheetahs depend on other animals like Antelopes and zebras.

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Hyena source of food

Hyenas rely on other animals such as zebras and antelopes for survival.

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Animal Interaction

The relationship between organisms within an environment.

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Parasitism

A feeding relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another (the host).

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Nutrients from Humus

Nutrients released from decaying matter that plants require to grow.

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Epiphytes

Interaction where some plants grow on other trees to gain a better position for sunlight exposure.

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Abiotic Environment Importance

Non-living parts of the environment provide necessities.

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Abiotic environment roles

Provide water, support, and other life necessities.

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Ecological Dependence

Organisms rely on each other for survival.

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Animals Need Plants

Animals get food and oxygen from plants.

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Plants Need Animals

Plants get carbon dioxide, pollination, and nutrients from animals.

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Plant Food Storage Regions

Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.

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Plant Nutrients to Animals

Animals obtain essential elements from plants by consuming their structure.

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Edible Plant Products

Sugarcane, cassava, and fruits which humans eat.

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Soil Aeration by Animals

Mice and rats mix the soil, making the soil airy.

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Nutrients from Animal Dung

Animal waste that is required for plant growth.

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Decomposers

Bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms.

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Nutrient Cycle

Nutrients go back into the soil after being decomposed by microorganisms to be used by plants.

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Grass and Tree Leaves

Birds use it to build nests.

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Animal Use of Oxygen

Oxygen gas is used by animals in breathing.

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Living Thing Environments

Occupying either land or water environments.

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Terrestrial Environments

Deserts, grasslands, bushes and forests.

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Aquatic Environments

Oceans, lakes, rivers, streams and ponds.

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Adaptation

A condition where an organism develops traits suitable for its habitat.

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Plant Adaptations (Dry)

Features that help them survive in dry conditions.

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Plant Structure Purpose

To maintain stored water and prevent unnecessary water loss.

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Dry Environment Adaptations

Plants in dry areas have adaptations to minimize water loss.

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Adaptations to reduce water loss

Thick, fleshy leaves, narrow or spiny leaves, and waxy leaf coverings.

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Deep Roots

Long roots that reach deep to gather water.

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Aquatic Plant Adaptations

Special traits allowing them to thrive in or on water.

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Anchored Roots

Roots are strongly attached to the bottom.

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Leaf Canopies

Leaves spread out to capture as much sunlight as possible.

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Chloroplast Placement

Chloroplasts are found only on the sun-exposed upper surface.

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Transpiration

A process by which plants lose water through leaves.

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Soil Cover Purpose

Cover soil to prevent evaporation affecting experiment results

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Thick Leaves

Plants in dry areas often have thicker leaves.

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Waxy Leaf Layer

A waxy layer on leaves reflects light and lowers leaf temperature.

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Leaf Temperature Control

Reducing leaf temperature to decrease water loss.

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Succulent Leaves

Storing water in their leaves for later use.

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Water-Storing Plants examples

Sisal and Aloe store water in their fleshy leaves.

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Small Leaves (Dry Climate)

Plants that conserve water.

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Small Leaves & Stomata

Minimizing the surface area to reduce water loss through stomata.

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Leaf Shape in Dry Areas

Small and narrow leaves.

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Small Leaves Advantage

Preventing water loss from the plant.

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Desert Plant Adaptations

A plant adaptation to decrease water loss.

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Leaf Wilting

Leaves losing significant moisture, causing them to droop.

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Breathing Roots

Special roots that grow above water to help plants breathe.

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Mangrove

A tree with aerial roots commonly found in coastal areas.

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Animal Adaptation

How animals adjust to survive in their environment.

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Camouflage

Blending in with the environment for protection.

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Floating Leaves

Plants adapted to live on the water's surface by anchoring their stems and roots.

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Broad Leaves

These leaves allow the plant to lose excess water, helping to maintain balance.

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Chloroplast exposure

Leaves that float allow exposure to sun so they can perform their function.

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Flowers above Water

Prevents leaves from being submerged, ensuring pollination can occur.

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Aquatic Plants

Plants that are adapted to survive and thrive in or on water.

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Wetlands

Environments where the soil is constantly saturated with water.

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Aquatic Adaptation

The ability of a plant to thrive in an aquatic setting.

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Floating Leaves Function

Leaves on aquatic plants that assist in anchoring and keeping the plant afloat.

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Leaf adaptations

Thick, fleshy, narrow, hairy, spiny, or waxy leaves to minimize water evaporation.

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Leaf canopy

Floating plants have leaves that spread across the surface to maximize sunlight.

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Thick, Waxy Leaves

Plants in dry areas have thick leaves with a waxy layer.

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Thick Leaves Benefit

Thick leaves reduce water loss from the leaf's surface.

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Waxy Layer Function

Waxy layers on leaves reflect light, reducing leaf temperature and water loss.

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Water-Storing Leaves

Plants like aloe store water in their leaves to use during dry periods.

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Small Leaf Benefit

Small leaves reduce the surface area for water loss through transpiration.

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Narrow Leaves

Dry environment plants that decrease the amount of water lost through transpiration by having very small and narrow leaves

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Stomata Leaf

The stomata reduces water loss which are found on the underside of the leaf and controlled by guard cells

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Dry Zone Leaves

Plants that grow in dry environments develop very small and narrow leaves

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Water Loss Factors

This feature enable plants to minimize the surface area of the leaves with stomata, thus prevent water loss

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Adaptive Coloration

Changing appearance to blend with the environment.

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Burrow Hibernation

A survival strategy where animals hide to avoid harsh conditions.

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Camel's Hump Purpose

A body part that can store water and provide nourishment.

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Defensive Body Structures

Rolling into a ball or using a hard shell as shields.

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Adaptation Advantage

Helps living things survive and thrive in various environmental conditions.

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Chloroplasts in Floating Leaves

Cells in leaves enabling plants to make food on parts exposed to sun.

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Aquatic Plant Flowers

Raised above water for exposure during pollination.

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Broad leaves water regulation

Helps the plant control the quantity of water in its body.

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Taro Plant

An example of a plant with broad leaves.

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Wetland Plants

Plants in soils permanently wet (e.g., swamps and wetlands).

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Mangrove Trees

Plants with aerial roots, often found near the coast.

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Migration

An adaptive mechanism where animals move to a different region, often seasonally.

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Hibernation

An adaptive mechanism where animals become inactive during winter.

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Estivation

An adaptive mechanism where animals become inactive during hot, dry periods.

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Body Coverings

Protective layers on animals, like scales or fur.

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Water Storage Leaves

Plants like aloe and sisal store water in their leaves as a backup during dry periods.

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Stomata and Small Leaves

Small leaves found on plants in dry areas prevent water loss by minimizing the surface area with stomata.

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Narrow Leaves Benefit

Narrow leaves reduce the surface area exposed to the environment, which in turn reduces water loss.

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Dry Area Leaf Size

Plants in dry areas have reduced leaf surface area to prevent water loss.

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Reduced Leaves

Plants with smaller leaves to reduce water loss.

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Succulent Stems

Having large, thick stems to hold water.

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Baobab's Water Storage

Baobab trees have stems that store water.

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Wilting

Drying and drooping of leaves due to lack of water.

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Wilting Purpose

Loss of water from the plant to prevent sun exposure.

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Reducing Sunlight Exposure

Minimizing the area exposed to sun to reduce water loss.

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Adaptive Mechanisms

The means by which plants survive in droughts.

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Maize Leaf Wilting

Showing wilting behavior.

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Environmental Camouflage

Changing appearance to match the environment.

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Dry Season Burrowing

A survival strategy where animals hide during dry periods.

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Camel's Hump Importance

A fat reserve that allows camels to survive without food or water for extended durations.

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Millipede's Defense

Rolling into a tight ball to protect the vulnerable body parts.

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Animal Features

Features can be structural (physical) or behavioural (actions).

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Camel Fat Storage

Camels store fat in their hump, which can be converted to energy and water.

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Cold Climate Adaptations

Animals in cold climates have thick fat layers, short legs, and thick fur to conserve heat.

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Frog Behavioral Adaptation

Frogs hide under rocks/ground in the dry season and come out in the wet season to reduce water loss.

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Tortoise Defense

Hiding its head and legs under its shell.

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Frog Skin and Dehydration

Frogs have thin, soft skin that easily loses water and puts them at risk of dehydration.

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Camel's Desert Survival

Camels can survive for extended periods without food and water due to fat storage in their hump.

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Chloroplast Position

Organelles only on leaf parts exposed to sunlight, aiding photosynthesis.

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Flower Positioning

Raising flowers above the water surface for effective pollen transfer.

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Broad Leaves (Aquatic)

Wide leaves that help plants lose excess water.

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Taro plant adaptations

Plants that have broad leaves to control water levels

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Aquatic environments adaptation

Enables plants to survive in aquatic environments with floating leaves, broad leaves and breathing roots.

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Shedding of Leaves

Dropping leaves to conserve water during dry periods.

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Waxy Cuticles

A waxy layer on leaves that reduces water evaporation.

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Narrow/Small Leaves

Smaller leaf surface reduces water loss.

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Water Shortage Impact

When little water is absorbed by plants due to dry soil conditions.

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Wilting of leaves

Wilting happens when plants lose water faster than they can absorb it, causing leaves to droop.

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Wilting Adaptation

Wilting reduces the surface area exposed to the sun, which helps minimize water loss.

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Causes of wilting

A hot, dry environment with inadequate water supply can induce this leaves phenomenon.

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Wilting in dry climates

Plants in dry environments use wilting to cope with water scarcity.

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Leaf recovery

Some plants' leaves return to normal when the temperature drops, or when humidity rises.

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Plant Water Loss

The part of a plant where water loss primarily occurs.

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Leaf Wilting Importance

Reduces water loss by decreasing surface area exposed to the sun.

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Plant Water Storage

Roots, stems and leaves.

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Best time to water plants

Early morning or late evening to reduce water loss through evaporation.

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Environmental Adaptation

Changing appearance to match surroundings for protection.

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Hiding in Burrows

A survival strategy to avoid harsh conditions, like drought.

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Camel's Hump

A fat-filled storage for sustenance when water/food scarce

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Defensive Mechanisms

Rolling into a ball or playing dead.

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Structural Adaptations

Adjustments to physical structures.

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Behavioral Adaptations

Changes in behavior for better survival.

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Camel's Adaptation

Storing fat in its hump to produce energy and water

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Cold Environment Adaptations

Thick fat layers, short legs, and thick fur to retain heat.

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Tortoise's Protection

Hiding its head and legs under its shell.

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Frog's vulnerability

Thin and soft skin that can easily lose water

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Plant Adaptation

Plants have structures that maintain water balance.

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Plant Cooling

Plants lose water through leaves, cooling them down.

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Excessive Water Loss

When plants lose too much water, they may wilt or dry out.

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Leaf Adaptations for Dryness

Narrow, hairy, spiny, or waxy leaves help plants in dry environments minimize water loss.

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Floating Plants

These plants have strong roots anchored to the bottom and broad leaves to capture sunlight.

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Soil Coverage Purpose

Covering the soil prevents water vapor from escaping, isolating the plant's transpiration.

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Experiment Result

Water droplets form inside the bottle due to the plant releasing water vapor.

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Appearance Adaptation

Changing appearance to match the environment.

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Adaptation benefits

Protecting from enemies and colonizing environments.

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Chameleon Adaptation

Changing skin color to blend in, protecting against danger.

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Thick Leaves (Dry Areas)

Plants in dry areas have thick leaves to reduce water loss from the leaf's surface.

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Stomata

Small openings on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and water release.

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Sisal Plant

Sisal is a plant with leaves that store water.

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Structural or Behavioral Features

Features can be either about an organism's structure or its behavior.

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Camel's Hump Function

A camel stores fat in its hump, which can be converted into energy and water.

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Adaptations to Cold Climates

Thick layers of fat, short legs, and thick fur help animals retain heat in cold environments.

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Tortoise Shell Defense

Hiding its head and legs under its shell to protect itself from predators.

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Plant Adaptations in Dry Environments

Plants have structures which help them to maintain stored water and prevent unnecessary water loss.

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Fleshy Leaves

Plants adapted to dry areas with thick, fleshy leaves to reduce water loss.

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Hairy/Spiny Leaves

Plants adapted to dry areas with hairy/spiny leaves to reduce water loss and deter herbivores.

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Waxy Leaves

Plants adapted to dry areas with waxy leaves to prevent water evaporation.

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Surface Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are only on the upper surface of leaves exposed to the sun.

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Adaptations in Dry Environments

Different strategies used by plants to minimize water loss in dry areas.

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Water Replacement in Plants

Replacement of lost water by continuous absorption from the soil.

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Water Shortage in Soil

When plants don't absorb enough water from the soil.

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Conserving Water

Preserving water by getting rid of leaves.

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Prevent water loss.

Particularly during dry season, plants shed to not dry out.

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Reducing Water Loss

Reducing water loss significantly by shedding leaves.

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Having Succulent Leaves

Having fleshy leaves to hold water.

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Developing Leaves With Waxy Cuticles

A waxy protective layer that protects the leaf from outside world and water loss.

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Chloroplasts in Floating Plants

Structures in leaves that convert sunlight into energy.

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Raised Flowers

Flowers positioned above water for pollination.

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Water Loss in Plants

Helps broad-leaved plants control internal water levels.

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Structural vs. Behavioral Features

Features of organisms are either related to their structure or behavior.

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Camel's Desert Adaptation

Storing fat in a hump, which can be converted to energy and water.

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Plant Adaptations to Dry Conditions

Unique features that help plants survive in dry environments.

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Dry Environment Plant Adaptations

Plants in dry areas adapt with thick, fleshy, or spiny leaves.

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Water Conservation in Plants

These features reduce water loss.

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Deep Root Systems

Dry environment adaptation to absorb water effectively, they grow very long.

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Floating Plant Features

Anchored roots and broad leaves for sunlight.

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Plastic Sheet Purpose

Cover the lower part the potted plant.

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Source of the Observed Water

The process is water loss from leaves.

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Small Leaves in Dry Climates

Small leaves reduce the surface area available for water loss through transpiration.

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Waxy Layer Benefits

The waxy layer lowers the temperature of a leaf.

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Transpiration water loss

Plants in dry environments lose water through their leaves.

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Thickness of leaves

The amount of water lost through the surface of the leaf.

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Adaptations to Dryness

Plants in dry areas have features like thick leaves or deep roots.

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Waxy Leaves Function

Reduces water loss from plant leaves.

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Floating Plant Traits

Roots anchored at the bottom, broad leaves.

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Canopy Formation

Leaves spread to maximize light capture.

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Transpiration in Plants

The process where plants lose water through their leaves.

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Waxy Cuticles on Leaves

A waxy coating on leaves that reduces water evaporation.

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Narrow or Small Leaves

Small or narrow leaves reduce the surface area for water loss.

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Developing Large Stems

Large stems store water for the plant to use.

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Folding Leaves

Leaves that curl up to reduce exposure to the sun and wind, minimizing water loss.

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Sun-exposed leaves

Leaves positioned to capture sunlight for photosynthesis.

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Elevated flowers

Raising flowers above water to aid in pollen transfer.

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Water Control

Regulating the water content within the plat.

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Aquatic enviornment.

Plants living in the water and wetlands.

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Broadleaf Adaption

Plants lose access water from their bodies given broad leaves.

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Structural Features

Features that relate to an organism's physical structure.

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Thick Leaves Adaptation

Plants growing in dry areas often have thick leaves to reduce water loss.

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Behavioral Features

Features relating to how an organism acts and behaves.

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Fat Deposits

A thick layer of fat under the skin that prevents heat loss.

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Small Leaf Adaptation

Reduced leaf surface area helps minimize water loss by limiting transpiration.

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Reduced Leaf Surface

Plants minimize water loss by reducing the surface area of their leaves.

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Small and Narrow Leaves

Dry environment plants adapting by developing small, narrow leaves that reduces water loss.

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Minimize Stomata Surface

Minimizing the surface area of leaves with stomata prevents water loss.

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Succulent Leaf Characteristics

Succulent plants in dry areas have thick and waxy leaves.

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Thick Leaf Water Retention

Thick succulent leaves decrease water loss from the leaf surface.

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Dry Environment Leaf Type

Plants in dry areas commonly have small and narrow leaves to survive.

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Rolling Up (Defense)

A way for animals to avoid predators by blending in.

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Small Leaves and Stomata

Small leaves minimize the surface area with stomata to prevent water loss.

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Leaves in Dry Environments

Plants that grow in dry environments often have small, narrow leaves.

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Desert Plant Leaves

Small and narrow leaves to reduce water loss in dry environment.

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Water Loss Reduction

These features reduce water loss in plants adapted to dry environments.

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Anchored Aquatic Plants

Water lilies have strong roots anchored to the bottom of water bodies.

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Floating Leaf Canopies

Floating plants spread leaves to maximize sunlight exposure.

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Plants with Reduced Leaves

Plants such as pines and cedars that have leaves that are reduced in size.

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Water-Storing Stems

Plants that have thick stems to store water.

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Baobab Tree

A plant with has a large and thick stem that can store water.

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Leaf Wilting Adaptation

Leaves that minimize surface area exposed to the sun, reducing water loss.

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Reduced Leaves Adaptation

Reduction in size of leaves is to reduce water loss.

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Water Loss Mechanism

Water leaves a plant in vapour form.

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Maize Plant

A plant that has leaves that undergo leaf wilting.

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Cactus Plants

Plants that have succulent stems that store water

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Adaptations to Dry Habitats

Special structures or features that help plants survive in dry conditions. They prevent water loss.

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Adaptation Importance

Survival is compromised if it is not.

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Large Stems

Developing large water storage structures for water conservation.

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Water Shortage & Leaf Shedding

Diminished water absorption can lead plants to shed their leaves.

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Short Legs and Thick Fur

To prevent heat loss in cold environments.

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Tortoise Defense Mechanism

Hiding its head and legs under its hard shell.

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Frog Adaptation

Moist skin requires behavioral adaptation.

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Chloroplast location

Organelles found only on parts of leaves exposed to sunlight.

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Water Loss Control

Plant adaptation to help control internal water levels.

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Root Anchorage

Roots of aquatic plants allow them to stay in place and access to water.

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Adaptations of plants in dry enviroments

Plants possess these to thrive in dry conditions, helping them retain water and minimize water loss.

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Deep Roots Adaptation

Dry environment plants have these to deeply absorb underground water effectively.

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Aquatic Adaptations Types

Adaptation depends on being floating, completely submerged or partially submerged in water.

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Floating Plant Roots

These plants like water lilies are strongly rooted and well anchored underwater.

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Leaf's Chloroplast Placement

Plants have chloroplasts on the surface of leaves exposed to the sun.

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Plastic Sheet Use

A sheet that keeps the soil and the part of the put covered so that no vapour can escape from the soil.

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Camel's Water Adaptation

Camels can live for extended periods without water by storing fat in their hump, which is metabolized into energy and water.

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Frog's Adaptation to Moisture

Frogs avoid water loss through morphological (thin skin) and behavioral adaptations (hiding).

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Defensive Rolling

Rolling into a ball or playing dead to avoid confrontation.

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Fat Metabolism

Fat can be metabolized to generate energy and water

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Insulating Fur and Hair

Thick fur or long hair can keep animals warm in cold environments.

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Avoiding Water Loss

During the dry season, some animals hide under rocks to avoid losing water.

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Water Storage Structures

Structures that allow plants to store water and reduce water loss in dry climates.

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Maize Plant Leaf Wilting

A plant species whose leaves undergo wilting as an adaptive mechanism to conserve water.

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Plants in deserts

Plants adapted to hot and dry environments.

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Defensive Body Curl

Rolling into a ball or using a hard shell for defense.

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Floating Leaves Adaptation

Leaves that float on the water surface.

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Water Lilies Adaptation

Aquatic plants that have floating leaves which anchor part of the stem and roots in water.

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Broad Leaves Adaptation

Leaves with a wide surface area that help in water loss.

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Broad Leaves' Function

Plants use this to control the amount of water in their bodies.

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Surface Aquatic Plants

Plants thriving on the water's surface.

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Types of Features

Features can be structural (physical) or behavioural (actions).

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Frog's Dry Season Behavior

Frogs hide under rocks or in the ground during the dry season to avoid water loss.

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Animal Adaptation Definition

Changing appearance as a result of changes in their environment.

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Frog: Morphological & Behavioral

Frogs prevent dehydration through morphological and behavioural adaptation.

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Fat as Insulation

Thick fat deposits under their skin, which prevent the body from losing heat.

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Camouflage Examples

Some animals change their appearance to resemble their environment when they are threatened.

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Plants in Dry Environments

Plants in dry areas that have structures to store water.

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Shedding Leaves Definition

Dropping leaves to conserve water, especially during droughts.

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Small Leaves

Having smaller or narrower leaves reduces the surface area for water loss.

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Water Replacement

Water lost through leaves is replenished by absorption from the soil.

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Burrowing

Hiding to avoid harsh conditions.

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Maize Leaf Movement

Leaves change position to control sunlight exposure.

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Water Lily Adaptations

Roots and stems are anchored in the water. Chloroplasts on exposed parts of the leaves. Flowers are raised for pollination.

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Broad Leaf Function

Ability to lose water to control internal water content.

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Chloroplasts

Leaves exposed to the sun have these.

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Study Notes

Additional Information

  • Acquired materials are transported throughout plants due to a process called translocation
  • In dry and hot environments plants adapt by wilting, minimising surface area exposed to the sun, for example wilted maize indicates dry conditions
  • Water lilies have adapted to the environment due to their anchored roots, floating leaves and raised flowers which are exposed for pollination
  • Plants can grow in water up to a certain depth because light must reach the leaves for photosynthesis
  • Water weeds are sustained by water, and other water based organisms are also able to live by or within them
  • Plants have adapted to the environment due to specialized stem, leaf and root structures
  • Mangroves exist due to their aerial roots that are commonly found in coastal areas
  • Estivation is a state where animals go dormant to survive the summer
  • Camels store fat in their hump, which is metabolized into water and energy
  • Animals in colder climates have developed a mechanism of adapting by creating fat layers to prevent heat loss
  • Reptiles avoid enemies by rolling like dead animals (i.e. millipedes) and hiding, for example a tortoise hides its extremities in shell to avoid conflict
  • It improves likelihood of survival as adaptation allows protection from threats and enemies
  • Species colonization is encouraged and enables survival in differing conditions depending on their adaptation

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Ecology: Chapter Four PDF
Adaptation of Living Things PDF

Description

Explore the interplay between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of the environment. Understand the roles of plants and animals. Learn about photosynthesis, food storage in plants, and the significance of herbivores.

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