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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes ethics from morals?
What distinguishes ethics from morals?
Public views of morals remain unchanged over time.
Public views of morals remain unchanged over time.
False
Ethics is often described as a _______-based discipline.
Ethics is often described as a _______-based discipline.
dilemma
Match the ethical issues with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the ethical issues with their appropriate descriptions:
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What is the primary focus of the deontological (Kantian) ethical approach?
What is the primary focus of the deontological (Kantian) ethical approach?
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The deontological approach is flexible and considers the consequences of actions.
The deontological approach is flexible and considers the consequences of actions.
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Who primarily developed the deontological approach?
Who primarily developed the deontological approach?
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According to Kant, we should treat others as ends in themselves, and not as means to an ______.
According to Kant, we should treat others as ends in themselves, and not as means to an ______.
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Match the ethical approaches with their characteristics:
Match the ethical approaches with their characteristics:
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What is the primary focus of Utilitarianism?
What is the primary focus of Utilitarianism?
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What is a major disadvantage of the deontological approach?
What is a major disadvantage of the deontological approach?
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Deontology emphasizes the outcomes of actions rather than the intentions behind them.
Deontology emphasizes the outcomes of actions rather than the intentions behind them.
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Who developed the Utilitarian Approach in ethics?
Who developed the Utilitarian Approach in ethics?
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What is an example of virtue ethics?
What is an example of virtue ethics?
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The phrase 'the ends justify the means' is associated with __________.
The phrase 'the ends justify the means' is associated with __________.
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Virtue ethics is widely accepted and used in modern decision-making.
Virtue ethics is widely accepted and used in modern decision-making.
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Match the following ethical theories with their characteristics:
Match the following ethical theories with their characteristics:
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What is a significant advantage of the Utilitarian Approach?
What is a significant advantage of the Utilitarian Approach?
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Utilitarianism is considered a form of Deontological ethics.
Utilitarianism is considered a form of Deontological ethics.
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Name one disadvantage of the Utilitarian Approach.
Name one disadvantage of the Utilitarian Approach.
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Which definition of death is considered the traditional view?
Which definition of death is considered the traditional view?
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A fetus is considered to have moral standing due to possessing self-awareness.
A fetus is considered to have moral standing due to possessing self-awareness.
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What happens to a person's moral standing at the point of death?
What happens to a person's moral standing at the point of death?
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The cessation of an integrated system must be __________ for a person to be considered dead.
The cessation of an integrated system must be __________ for a person to be considered dead.
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Match the definitions of death with their descriptions:
Match the definitions of death with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a principle of bioethics that focuses on not causing harm?
Which of the following is a principle of bioethics that focuses on not causing harm?
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The principle of beneficence includes the action of preventing harm.
The principle of beneficence includes the action of preventing harm.
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What does the principle of justice advocate for?
What does the principle of justice advocate for?
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Nonautonomous individuals include _____ and children.
Nonautonomous individuals include _____ and children.
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Match the ethical principles to their definitions:
Match the ethical principles to their definitions:
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Which of the following defines moral standing?
Which of the following defines moral standing?
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All humans have full moral standing regardless of their condition.
All humans have full moral standing regardless of their condition.
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What are the important components of being autonomous?
What are the important components of being autonomous?
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What defines death according to the whole-brain definition?
What defines death according to the whole-brain definition?
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The higher-brain definition of death is legally adopted in most jurisdictions.
The higher-brain definition of death is legally adopted in most jurisdictions.
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At what gestational age do proponents of the higher-brain definition believe full moral standing begins?
At what gestational age do proponents of the higher-brain definition believe full moral standing begins?
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The whole-brain death definition partakes in the law of the majority of __________.
The whole-brain death definition partakes in the law of the majority of __________.
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Match the definitions of death with their characteristics:
Match the definitions of death with their characteristics:
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Which definition suggests that full moral standing begins earlier in the development process?
Which definition suggests that full moral standing begins earlier in the development process?
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Manipulating sperm or eggs is considered less controversial than dealing with fetuses.
Manipulating sperm or eggs is considered less controversial than dealing with fetuses.
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What is one of the controversies surrounding the higher-brain definition of death?
What is one of the controversies surrounding the higher-brain definition of death?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course name: BIOTECH 4BS3/SEPT 6BS3: Biotechnology Regulations
- Instructor: Dr. Rashid Abu-Ghazalah
- Email: [email protected]
- TA: Mr. Nicholas Damjanovic
- Email: [email protected]
- Office hours: Schedule a meeting by email.
- Course materials: Consult the course outline and Avenue To Learn for course dates, expectations, and deadlines.
Topics
- Bioethics
- Research & Development in Industry
- Regulations (Canada, U.S., international)
- Documentation
- Quality Systems
- Safety regulations
Expectations
- Read the course outline
- Attend online lectures
- During discussions, respectful debates are expected; no right or wrong answers.
- Three assignments
- One project
- One midterm
- One final exam (details to follow)
Ethical Decision-Making
-
Utilitarian Approach: Developed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
- Focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number.
- "The ends justify the means."
- Values and quantifies everything.
- Consequentialism: One route to making ethical decisions focusing on impact or outcome. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism.
-
Deontological Approach: Developed primarily by Immanuel Kant.
- Focuses on absolute principles and duties (rules that cannot be broken).
- The "means" are as important as the "ends."
- Based on the motivation behind an action.
-
Virtue Ethics: Originated from Aristotle.
- Focuses on character traits.
- The decision-maker must have good character.
What is Ethics?
- Derived from the Greek word "ethos," meaning "custom" or "habit."
- The philosophical study of principles in moral decision-making.
- Considers life's "big" questions through logic, reflection, and critical reasoning.
- A "dilemma-based discipline."
- Differs from morals, as ethics is the theory driving right/wrong while morals are personal.
Bioethics
- A subspecialty of ethics specifically focused on biotechnology and biological research.
- Examines the ethical, social, and potential outcomes of biological and medical technologies.
- Includes important issues such as:
- Research
- Euthanasia
- Human cloning
- Genetic engineering
- Assisted reproduction
- Consent and confidentiality of patients
- Life and death
Ethical Decision-Making Examples
-
Example 1: Is stealing food morally acceptable?
- Considerations: Desperate hunger; loaf of bread visible.
- Utilitarian: Beneficial outcome outweighs minor cost to store..
- Deontological: Wrong to steal.
-
Example 2: Whose life is more valuable?
- Considerations: Firefighter arriving at scene of a car accident in a river; various victims with differing needs.
- Utilitarian: Prioritize saving the most lives..
- Deontological: Cannot cause harm to any life no matter the consequence.
-
Example 3: Full Disclosure vs. Profit
- Considerations : Biotech merger with a larger company; CEO knowing risk to the technology being merged.
- Utilitarianism : Benefit of a deal that saves the small company and the jobs.
- Deontology : Obligation to disclose the truth.
Moral Principles for Bioethics
- Principlism: Use of established principles (autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice) to support decision-making.
- Autonomy: Individual's right to make choices.
- Nonmaleficence: Avoid causing harm.
- Beneficence: Do good.
- Justice: Treat people fairly and equitably.
Moral Standing
- To whom moral norms apply?
- Depends on the individual or entity.
- Questions regarding moral standing for those who are not human, fetuses, or those lacking mental capacity.
Defining Death
- Somatic death : Cessation of all bodily functions.
- Whole-brain death: Cessation of all brain functions is irreversible including the brainstem.
- Higher-brain death: Irreversible cessation of higher brain function.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Biotechnology Regulations in this quiz. Covering topics like bioethics, industry research and development, and international safety regulations, this quiz aims to enhance your understanding of the regulatory landscape. Perfect for students enrolled in BIOTECH 4BS3/SEPT 6BS3.
