Biotechnology in the 20th Century

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the objectives upon completion of the module?

  • Discuss the history of genetic engineering
  • Identify genetically modified organisms (correct)
  • Analyze the impact of genetic engineering on the environment
  • Identify different breeds of animals

What does the modern practice of genetic engineering involve?

  • Creating entirely new species from scratch
  • Using chemicals to alter an organism's DNA structure
  • Taking DNA from unrelated organisms and inserting it into another organism's DNA (correct)
  • Only crossbreeding species

What does genetic engineering aim to achieve in terms of plants and animals?

  • Making all plants and animals identical
  • Decreasing the plant yield but increasing tolerance to pests
  • Creating weaker plants but with enhanced colors
  • Creating stronger plants and healthier animals (correct)

What aspect of humanity does genetic engineering help address according to the text?

<p>Food sustainability and medicine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inserting unrelated DNA into an organism's DNA?

<p>To reduce the effects of disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consideration regarding genetic engineering mentioned in the text?

<p>It has several disadvantages that must be taken into account (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism was the first genetically engineered human insulin produced in?

<p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose behind engineering the Flavr Savr tomato?

<p>To have a longer shelf life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In genetic engineering, how is the process different from traditional animal and plant breeding?

<p>Involves transferring genes directly between organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about GloFish, the first genetically modified organism designed as a pet?

<p>It was designed to be a pet fish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were genetically modified foods first sold commercially?

<p>1994 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding in terms of gene transfer?

<p>Genetic engineering involves direct transfer of genes between organisms but traditional breeding involves indirect transfer through environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of artificial selection as described in the text?

<p>To select organisms with specific traits for breeding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture in the text?

<p>Reduced need for water in agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what is the purpose of developing crops that mature faster and tolerate environmental stressors?

<p>To allow plants to grow in harsh conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetically conferred trait does soybean possess according to the text?

<p>Herbicide tolerance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism listed in the text has resistance to plum pox virus?

<p>Plum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic change led to high laurate levels in Canola, as per the text?

<p>Insertion of a gene for ACP thioesterase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term came to refer more specifically to methods of gene cloning in the latter part of the 20th century?

<p>Recombinant DNA technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered restriction enzymes in 1968?

<p>Werner Arber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of type II restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

<p>Cleave a specific site within the DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who helped advance the technique of DNA recombination in 1970–71?

<p>Daniel Nathans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which American biochemists pioneered genetic engineering based on recombination in 1973?

<p>Stanley N.Cohen and Herbert W.Boyer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme type allows cutting DNA into fragments, rejoining different fragments, and inserting new genes into E.coli bacteria?

<p>Type II restriction enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmids in genetic engineering?

<p>They can reproduce and pass on to the bacterium's progeny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 differ from previous recombinant DNA technology?

<p>CRISPR-Cas9 allows for customizing an organism's genetic sequence through specific changes to DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the insertion of a functional gene into a bacterium significant in genetic engineering?

<p>It allows for the production of specific proteins by the modified bacterium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plasmids and the bacterium's chromosome?

<p>Plasmids are not part of the bacterium's chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene editing?

<p>It provides a tool for making precise and specific alterations to an organism's DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the incorporation of foreign DNA into a bacterium contribute to genetic engineering?

<p>It enables obtaining multiple copies of the inserted gene for protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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