Biotechnology in the 20th Century
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What is one of the objectives upon completion of the module?

  • Discuss the history of genetic engineering
  • Identify genetically modified organisms (correct)
  • Analyze the impact of genetic engineering on the environment
  • Identify different breeds of animals

    • What does the modern practice of genetic engineering involve?

  • Creating entirely new species from scratch
  • Using chemicals to alter an organism's DNA structure
  • Taking DNA from unrelated organisms and inserting it into another organism's DNA (correct)
  • Only crossbreeding species

    • What does genetic engineering aim to achieve in terms of plants and animals?

  • Making all plants and animals identical
  • Decreasing the plant yield but increasing tolerance to pests
  • Creating weaker plants but with enhanced colors
  • Creating stronger plants and healthier animals (correct)

    • What aspect of humanity does genetic engineering help address according to the text?

    <p>Food sustainability and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inserting unrelated DNA into an organism's DNA?

    <p>To reduce the effects of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consideration regarding genetic engineering mentioned in the text?

    <p>It has several disadvantages that must be taken into account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism was the first genetically engineered human insulin produced in?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose behind engineering the Flavr Savr tomato?

    <p>To have a longer shelf life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetic engineering, how is the process different from traditional animal and plant breeding?

    <p>Involves transferring genes directly between organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about GloFish, the first genetically modified organism designed as a pet?

    <p>It was designed to be a pet fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were genetically modified foods first sold commercially?

    <p>1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding in terms of gene transfer?

    <p>Genetic engineering involves direct transfer of genes between organisms but traditional breeding involves indirect transfer through environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of artificial selection as described in the text?

    <p>To select organisms with specific traits for breeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture in the text?

    <p>Reduced need for water in agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what is the purpose of developing crops that mature faster and tolerate environmental stressors?

    <p>To allow plants to grow in harsh conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetically conferred trait does soybean possess according to the text?

    <p>Herbicide tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism listed in the text has resistance to plum pox virus?

    <p>Plum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic change led to high laurate levels in Canola, as per the text?

    <p>Insertion of a gene for ACP thioesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term came to refer more specifically to methods of gene cloning in the latter part of the 20th century?

    <p>Recombinant DNA technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered restriction enzymes in 1968?

    <p>Werner Arber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of type II restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

    <p>Cleave a specific site within the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who helped advance the technique of DNA recombination in 1970–71?

    <p>Daniel Nathans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which American biochemists pioneered genetic engineering based on recombination in 1973?

    <p>Stanley N.Cohen and Herbert W.Boyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme type allows cutting DNA into fragments, rejoining different fragments, and inserting new genes into E.coli bacteria?

    <p>Type II restriction enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmids in genetic engineering?

    <p>They can reproduce and pass on to the bacterium's progeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 differ from previous recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>CRISPR-Cas9 allows for customizing an organism's genetic sequence through specific changes to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the insertion of a functional gene into a bacterium significant in genetic engineering?

    <p>It allows for the production of specific proteins by the modified bacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plasmids and the bacterium's chromosome?

    <p>Plasmids are not part of the bacterium's chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene editing?

    <p>It provides a tool for making precise and specific alterations to an organism's DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the incorporation of foreign DNA into a bacterium contribute to genetic engineering?

    <p>It enables obtaining multiple copies of the inserted gene for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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