30 Questions
What is one of the objectives upon completion of the module?
Identify genetically modified organisms
What does the modern practice of genetic engineering involve?
Taking DNA from unrelated organisms and inserting it into another organism's DNA
What does genetic engineering aim to achieve in terms of plants and animals?
Creating stronger plants and healthier animals
What aspect of humanity does genetic engineering help address according to the text?
Food sustainability and medicine
What is the primary purpose of inserting unrelated DNA into an organism's DNA?
To reduce the effects of disease
What is a major consideration regarding genetic engineering mentioned in the text?
It has several disadvantages that must be taken into account
Which organism was the first genetically engineered human insulin produced in?
Bacteria
What was the main purpose behind engineering the Flavr Savr tomato?
To have a longer shelf life
In genetic engineering, how is the process different from traditional animal and plant breeding?
Involves transferring genes directly between organisms
What was significant about GloFish, the first genetically modified organism designed as a pet?
It was designed to be a pet fish
When were genetically modified foods first sold commercially?
1994
How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding in terms of gene transfer?
Genetic engineering involves direct transfer of genes between organisms but traditional breeding involves indirect transfer through environment
What is the main purpose of artificial selection as described in the text?
To select organisms with specific traits for breeding.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of genetic engineering in agriculture in the text?
Reduced need for water in agriculture
In the context of the text, what is the purpose of developing crops that mature faster and tolerate environmental stressors?
To allow plants to grow in harsh conditions
What genetically conferred trait does soybean possess according to the text?
Herbicide tolerance
Which organism listed in the text has resistance to plum pox virus?
Plum
What genetic change led to high laurate levels in Canola, as per the text?
Insertion of a gene for ACP thioesterase
What term came to refer more specifically to methods of gene cloning in the latter part of the 20th century?
Recombinant DNA technology
Who discovered restriction enzymes in 1968?
Werner Arber
What is the main function of type II restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
Cleave a specific site within the DNA
Who helped advance the technique of DNA recombination in 1970–71?
Daniel Nathans
Which American biochemists pioneered genetic engineering based on recombination in 1973?
Stanley N.Cohen and Herbert W.Boyer
Which enzyme type allows cutting DNA into fragments, rejoining different fragments, and inserting new genes into E.coli bacteria?
Type II restriction enzymes
What is the function of plasmids in genetic engineering?
They can reproduce and pass on to the bacterium's progeny
How does gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 differ from previous recombinant DNA technology?
CRISPR-Cas9 allows for customizing an organism's genetic sequence through specific changes to DNA
Why is the insertion of a functional gene into a bacterium significant in genetic engineering?
It allows for the production of specific proteins by the modified bacterium
What is the main difference between plasmids and the bacterium's chromosome?
Plasmids are not part of the bacterium's chromosome
What is a key advantage of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene editing?
It provides a tool for making precise and specific alterations to an organism's DNA
How does the incorporation of foreign DNA into a bacterium contribute to genetic engineering?
It enables obtaining multiple copies of the inserted gene for protein synthesis
Explore the advancements in biotechnology during the latter part of the 20th century, focusing on recombinant DNA technology and gene cloning methods. Understand how DNA molecules are combined from multiple sources and inserted into host organisms for propagation.
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