Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the applications of biotechnology in agriculture?
What is one of the applications of biotechnology in agriculture?
- Improved pest control using traditional methods
- Increased use of chemical fertilizers only
- Reducing crop yields
- Genetically modified crops (correct)
The Green Revolution was fully successful in feeding the growing human population.
The Green Revolution was fully successful in feeding the growing human population.
False (B)
What is the term for the ability of a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant from any part?
What is the term for the ability of a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant from any part?
totipotency
Biotechnology uses genetically modified ______ for various applications.
Biotechnology uses genetically modified ______ for various applications.
Match the following biotechnological applications with their descriptions:
Match the following biotechnological applications with their descriptions:
What technology was developed because traditional breeding techniques could not keep pace with demand?
What technology was developed because traditional breeding techniques could not keep pace with demand?
Agrochemicals are always affordable for farmers in developing countries.
Agrochemicals are always affordable for farmers in developing countries.
The optimum conditions for a catalyst in biotechnology are created through ______.
The optimum conditions for a catalyst in biotechnology are created through ______.
What is a potential source of insulin if human insulin is not available?
What is a potential source of insulin if human insulin is not available?
Insulin extracted from animal sources does not cause any allergic reactions in patients.
Insulin extracted from animal sources does not cause any allergic reactions in patients.
What are the two polypeptide chains that make up insulin called?
What are the two polypeptide chains that make up insulin called?
The C peptide is removed during the maturation of __________ into insulin.
The C peptide is removed during the maturation of __________ into insulin.
What significant development in 1983 changed insulin production?
What significant development in 1983 changed insulin production?
Insulin can be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients.
Insulin can be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients.
What is gene therapy attempting to address?
What is gene therapy attempting to address?
Match the following components with their roles in insulin production:
Match the following components with their roles in insulin production:
What technique is commonly used to detect very low amounts of DNA?
What technique is commonly used to detect very low amounts of DNA?
Transgenic animals can only be produced from mice.
Transgenic animals can only be produced from mice.
What is the primary purpose of using PCR in the context of detecting pathogens?
What is the primary purpose of using PCR in the context of detecting pathogens?
Transgenic animals are primarily used to study how genes contribute to the development of __________.
Transgenic animals are primarily used to study how genes contribute to the development of __________.
Match the following techniques with their descriptions:
Match the following techniques with their descriptions:
Which statement about ELISA is correct?
Which statement about ELISA is correct?
Transgenic technology can be used to study normal physiology and development.
Transgenic technology can be used to study normal physiology and development.
What is one potential benefit of producing transgenic animals?
What is one potential benefit of producing transgenic animals?
Which transgenic animal was the first to produce human protein-enriched milk?
Which transgenic animal was the first to produce human protein-enriched milk?
Transgenic mice are used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
Transgenic mice are used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
What is α-1-antitrypsin used to treat?
What is α-1-antitrypsin used to treat?
Transgenic animals that are sensitive to toxic substances are used in ______ testing.
Transgenic animals that are sensitive to toxic substances are used in ______ testing.
Match the following diseases with their related transgenic models:
Match the following diseases with their related transgenic models:
What is one of the ethical concerns regarding genetic modification of organisms?
What is one of the ethical concerns regarding genetic modification of organisms?
What organization does the Indian Government set up to regulate genetic modification research?
What organization does the Indian Government set up to regulate genetic modification research?
The introduction of transgenic models for human diseases has eliminated the need for any form of animal testing.
The introduction of transgenic models for human diseases has eliminated the need for any form of animal testing.
What is one of the main reasons for amendments to the Indian Patents Bill?
What is one of the main reasons for amendments to the Indian Patents Bill?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are created only using natural methods.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are created only using natural methods.
What process enables the mass production of safe and effective therapeutics?
What process enables the mass production of safe and effective therapeutics?
___ animals are used as models to understand human diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
___ animals are used as models to understand human diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
Which of the following is a benefit of using GM crops?
Which of the following is a benefit of using GM crops?
Gene therapy involves removing defective genes from an individual's cells.
Gene therapy involves removing defective genes from an individual's cells.
What is the purpose of gene targeting in gene therapy?
What is the purpose of gene targeting in gene therapy?
Match the following biotechnology terms with their definitions:
Match the following biotechnology terms with their definitions:
What is one effect of genetic modification on crops?
What is one effect of genetic modification on crops?
Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is inactive until ingested by insects.
Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is inactive until ingested by insects.
What does the gene cryIAc code for?
What does the gene cryIAc code for?
Genetic modification has enhanced the __________ value of crops, such as golden rice.
Genetic modification has enhanced the __________ value of crops, such as golden rice.
Match the following BT toxins with their target pests:
Match the following BT toxins with their target pests:
Which of the following is NOT a use of genetic modification in crops?
Which of the following is NOT a use of genetic modification in crops?
Genetic modification can lead to early exhaustion of the soil's fertility.
Genetic modification can lead to early exhaustion of the soil's fertility.
Name one crop that has been genetically modified to express the Bt toxin.
Name one crop that has been genetically modified to express the Bt toxin.
What condition did the first clinical gene therapy target in 1990?
What condition did the first clinical gene therapy target in 1990?
Gene therapy can correct genetic defects by removing defective genes from cells.
Gene therapy can correct genetic defects by removing defective genes from cells.
What is the term for the use of engineered lymphocytes in gene therapy?
What is the term for the use of engineered lymphocytes in gene therapy?
The enzyme adenosine deaminase is crucial for the __________ system to function.
The enzyme adenosine deaminase is crucial for the __________ system to function.
Match the following diagnostic techniques with their purpose:
Match the following diagnostic techniques with their purpose:
What is a limitation of enzyme replacement therapy for ADA deficiency?
What is a limitation of enzyme replacement therapy for ADA deficiency?
Early diagnosis of diseases can be effectively achieved using conventional methods like serum analysis.
Early diagnosis of diseases can be effectively achieved using conventional methods like serum analysis.
Which of the following is NOT a critical research area of biotechnology?
Which of the following is NOT a critical research area of biotechnology?
What is one method used in gene therapy to introduce a functional gene into lymphocytes?
What is one method used in gene therapy to introduce a functional gene into lymphocytes?
Organic agriculture is one of the options for increasing food production.
Organic agriculture is one of the options for increasing food production.
What technique allows the regeneration of whole plants from plant parts under sterile conditions?
What technique allows the regeneration of whole plants from plant parts under sterile conditions?
The ability of a plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant is known as ______.
The ability of a plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant is known as ______.
What was a major factor in the success of the Green Revolution?
What was a major factor in the success of the Green Revolution?
Agrochemicals are always affordable and accessible for farmers in developing countries.
Agrochemicals are always affordable and accessible for farmers in developing countries.
The mass production of biopharmaceuticals is primarily achieved using ______ organisms.
The mass production of biopharmaceuticals is primarily achieved using ______ organisms.
Which of the following technologies is used to detect very low concentrations of DNA?
Which of the following technologies is used to detect very low concentrations of DNA?
Transgenic animals are solely produced from mice.
Transgenic animals are solely produced from mice.
What is one primary purpose of using ELISA?
What is one primary purpose of using ELISA?
Transgenic animals can serve as models for studying __________ diseases.
Transgenic animals can serve as models for studying __________ diseases.
Match the following techniques with their applications:
Match the following techniques with their applications:
What is an important application of PCR in medicine?
What is an important application of PCR in medicine?
Transgenic animals are only produced to enhance agricultural productivity.
Transgenic animals are only produced to enhance agricultural productivity.
What is a primary benefit of using transgenic animals in biomedical research?
What is a primary benefit of using transgenic animals in biomedical research?
What is the primary reason that crystals of Bt toxin do not kill the bacteria that produce them?
What is the primary reason that crystals of Bt toxin do not kill the bacteria that produce them?
What term refers to the unauthorized use of bio-resources by companies?
What term refers to the unauthorized use of bio-resources by companies?
Gene therapy aims to correct defective genes within a person's cells.
Gene therapy aims to correct defective genes within a person's cells.
What are Cry proteins and which organism produces them?
What are Cry proteins and which organism produces them?
Basmati rice is exclusively grown in several countries worldwide.
Basmati rice is exclusively grown in several countries worldwide.
The process of micropropagation allows for the production of _____ plants.
The process of micropropagation allows for the production of _____ plants.
What is the main concern regarding companies getting patents for products derived from rice?
What is the main concern regarding companies getting patents for products derived from rice?
The American company obtained patent rights on Basmati rice in ______.
The American company obtained patent rights on Basmati rice in ______.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which of the following statements about traditional knowledge and bio-resources is true?
Which of the following statements about traditional knowledge and bio-resources is true?
Rice has around 200,000 varieties in India.
Rice has around 200,000 varieties in India.
Name one traditional herbal medicine mentioned that has faced patent applications.
Name one traditional herbal medicine mentioned that has faced patent applications.
What is the primary purpose of creating transgenic mice for vaccine safety testing?
What is the primary purpose of creating transgenic mice for vaccine safety testing?
The transgenic cow named Rosie produced human protein-enriched milk that was beneficial for human babies.
The transgenic cow named Rosie produced human protein-enriched milk that was beneficial for human babies.
Name one disease for which transgenic models have been developed.
Name one disease for which transgenic models have been developed.
Match the following biological products with their functions:
Match the following biological products with their functions:
Which organization was established by the Indian Government to evaluate genetic modification research?
Which organization was established by the Indian Government to evaluate genetic modification research?
Ethical standards are unnecessary in the manipulation of living organisms.
Ethical standards are unnecessary in the manipulation of living organisms.
What is one potential risk of introducing genetically modified organisms into the ecosystem?
What is one potential risk of introducing genetically modified organisms into the ecosystem?
What is one benefit of genetic modification in crops?
What is one benefit of genetic modification in crops?
Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against a wide range of insects without modification.
Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against a wide range of insects without modification.
What type of protein does the Bt toxin form during a specific growth phase of Bacillus thuringiensis?
What type of protein does the Bt toxin form during a specific growth phase of Bacillus thuringiensis?
The gene cryIAc codes for a specific _____ that targets cotton bollworms.
The gene cryIAc codes for a specific _____ that targets cotton bollworms.
Match the following crops with their associated Bt toxin:
Match the following crops with their associated Bt toxin:
Which of the following is a result of genetic modification in terms of soil health?
Which of the following is a result of genetic modification in terms of soil health?
The Bt toxin is activated in the gut of insects by alkaline pH.
The Bt toxin is activated in the gut of insects by alkaline pH.
Name one crop that has been genetically modified to produce Bt toxin.
Name one crop that has been genetically modified to produce Bt toxin.
What is the primary purpose of gene therapy?
What is the primary purpose of gene therapy?
The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is not crucial for the immune system.
The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is not crucial for the immune system.
What was the first condition treated by clinical gene therapy in 1990?
What was the first condition treated by clinical gene therapy in 1990?
Gene therapy involves introducing a _____ gene to compensate for a non-functional gene.
Gene therapy involves introducing a _____ gene to compensate for a non-functional gene.
Match the following therapies with their descriptions:
Match the following therapies with their descriptions:
Which of the following techniques helps in early diagnosis of diseases?
Which of the following techniques helps in early diagnosis of diseases?
Gene therapy can provide a permanent cure if performed at early embryonic stages.
Gene therapy can provide a permanent cure if performed at early embryonic stages.
What is one disadvantage of bone marrow transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy?
What is one disadvantage of bone marrow transplantation and enzyme replacement therapy?
What is a significant challenge when producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
What is a significant challenge when producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
Insulin extracted from animal sources has no risk of allergic reactions in patients.
Insulin extracted from animal sources has no risk of allergic reactions in patients.
What are the two polypeptide chains that make up insulin?
What are the two polypeptide chains that make up insulin?
Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, linked by __________.
Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, linked by __________.
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to insulin production:
Match the following terms with their descriptions related to insulin production:
Which of the following statements about the oral administration of insulin is correct?
Which of the following statements about the oral administration of insulin is correct?
The C peptide is present in the mature form of insulin.
The C peptide is present in the mature form of insulin.
What innovation in 1983 significantly changed insulin production?
What innovation in 1983 significantly changed insulin production?
What is biopiracy?
What is biopiracy?
Basmati rice has been grown in India for only a few decades.
Basmati rice has been grown in India for only a few decades.
Name one of the unique characteristics of Basmati rice.
Name one of the unique characteristics of Basmati rice.
In 1997, an American company received patent rights on __________ rice.
In 1997, an American company received patent rights on __________ rice.
Which of the following resources are primarily found in developing and underdeveloped countries?
Which of the following resources are primarily found in developing and underdeveloped countries?
The patenting of traditional herbal medicines has not been a contentious issue.
The patenting of traditional herbal medicines has not been a contentious issue.
What action should be taken to counter potential patent applications on traditional resources?
What action should be taken to counter potential patent applications on traditional resources?
What is one of the primary benefits of using genetically modified crops?
What is one of the primary benefits of using genetically modified crops?
Transgenic animals are primarily created for agricultural purposes only.
Transgenic animals are primarily created for agricultural purposes only.
What does gene therapy aim to treat?
What does gene therapy aim to treat?
Recombinant DNA technology enables the creation of __________ organisms.
Recombinant DNA technology enables the creation of __________ organisms.
What is a significant advantage of recombinant therapeutics?
What is a significant advantage of recombinant therapeutics?
Gene targeting in gene therapy involves amplifying defective genes.
Gene targeting in gene therapy involves amplifying defective genes.
Name one application of biotechnology in healthcare.
Name one application of biotechnology in healthcare.
What is the term used to describe plants that are genetically identical to the original plant they were grown from?
What is the term used to describe plants that are genetically identical to the original plant they were grown from?
Meristem tissue is typically free from viruses, allowing for the recovery of healthy plants from diseased ones.
Meristem tissue is typically free from viruses, allowing for the recovery of healthy plants from diseased ones.
What is the process called where isolated protoplasts from different plant varieties are fused to create hybrid plants?
What is the process called where isolated protoplasts from different plant varieties are fused to create hybrid plants?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have been beneficial in improving crop __________.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have been beneficial in improving crop __________.
Match the following crops with their application in tissue culture:
Match the following crops with their application in tissue culture:
Which of the following is a potential drawback in cultivating GM crops?
Which of the following is a potential drawback in cultivating GM crops?
Pomato is a successful commercially utilized hybrid combining the characteristics of tomato and potato.
Pomato is a successful commercially utilized hybrid combining the characteristics of tomato and potato.
The application of micro-propagation allows for the rapid __________ of a large number of plants.
The application of micro-propagation allows for the rapid __________ of a large number of plants.
What is the primary method by which RNA interference (RNAi) silences specific mRNA?
What is the primary method by which RNA interference (RNAi) silences specific mRNA?
Transgenic plants can survive nematode infestations due to the action of RNA interference.
Transgenic plants can survive nematode infestations due to the action of RNA interference.
What is the term for the genetically engineered insulin used in the management of diabetes?
What is the term for the genetically engineered insulin used in the management of diabetes?
The method used to introduce nematode-specific genes into host plants is through ______ vectors.
The method used to introduce nematode-specific genes into host plants is through ______ vectors.
Match the following types of RNA with their roles in RNA interference:
Match the following types of RNA with their roles in RNA interference:
What is a potential impact of recombinant therapeutics in healthcare?
What is a potential impact of recombinant therapeutics in healthcare?
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use globally.
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use globally.
What is the effect of introducing a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific to nematodes in host plants?
What is the effect of introducing a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific to nematodes in host plants?
What issue is associated with the patenting of Basmati rice?
What issue is associated with the patenting of Basmati rice?
Biopiracy refers to the proper use of bio-resources with authorization and compensatory payment.
Biopiracy refers to the proper use of bio-resources with authorization and compensatory payment.
What term is used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies without authorization?
What term is used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies without authorization?
In India, there are an estimated _____ varieties of rice.
In India, there are an estimated _____ varieties of rice.
Match the following biological resources with their examples:
Match the following biological resources with their examples:
What is one of the reasons industrialized nations are poor in biodiversity?
What is one of the reasons industrialized nations are poor in biodiversity?
What is a distinct characteristic of Basmati rice?
What is a distinct characteristic of Basmati rice?
The first clinical gene therapy was provided to a child with cystic fibrosis.
The first clinical gene therapy was provided to a child with cystic fibrosis.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can only be used for historical research and cannot be commercialized.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can only be used for historical research and cannot be commercialized.
What technique involves the introduction of a functional gene into lymphocytes in gene therapy?
What technique involves the introduction of a functional gene into lymphocytes in gene therapy?
Gene therapy can be considered a method for correcting ______________ defects.
Gene therapy can be considered a method for correcting ______________ defects.
Match the following methods with their purpose in treatment.
Match the following methods with their purpose in treatment.
Which of the following methods serves the purpose of early diagnosis of diseases?
Which of the following methods serves the purpose of early diagnosis of diseases?
Lymphocytes infused into patients after gene therapy are immortal cells.
Lymphocytes infused into patients after gene therapy are immortal cells.
What is the role of a retroviral vector in gene therapy?
What is the role of a retroviral vector in gene therapy?
What was the main challenge in producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
What was the main challenge in producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
Insulin from animal sources does not elicit any immune response in humans.
Insulin from animal sources does not elicit any immune response in humans.
Insulin is synthesized in mammals as a pro-hormone that contains an extra stretch called the ______ peptide.
Insulin is synthesized in mammals as a pro-hormone that contains an extra stretch called the ______ peptide.
Which bacterium was used to produce human insulin in 1983?
Which bacterium was used to produce human insulin in 1983?
Insulin can be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients without any issues.
Insulin can be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients without any issues.
What method is primarily used to detect very low concentrations of pathogens?
What method is primarily used to detect very low concentrations of pathogens?
Transgenic animals are primarily produced from a variety of species with mice being the least common.
Transgenic animals are primarily produced from a variety of species with mice being the least common.
What is the principle behind ELISA?
What is the principle behind ELISA?
Transgenic animals are used as models for studying __________ diseases.
Transgenic animals are used as models for studying __________ diseases.
What is the role of a radioactive probe in the detection of genetic mutations?
What is the role of a radioactive probe in the detection of genetic mutations?
Match the following types of transgenic animals with their primary research purposes:
Match the following types of transgenic animals with their primary research purposes:
PCR can only be used to amplify DNA and not RNA.
PCR can only be used to amplify DNA and not RNA.
What is one key application of PCR in medical diagnostics?
What is one key application of PCR in medical diagnostics?
What is the primary goal of the Indian Patents Bill amendment regarding bio-resources?
What is the primary goal of the Indian Patents Bill amendment regarding bio-resources?
Gene therapy can replace a defective mutant allele with a functional one.
Gene therapy can replace a defective mutant allele with a functional one.
Name a technique utilized for manipulating plants in vitro to produce new varieties.
Name a technique utilized for manipulating plants in vitro to produce new varieties.
Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the mass production of safe and effective __________.
Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the mass production of safe and effective __________.
Match the following types of biotechnology with their focuses:
Match the following types of biotechnology with their focuses:
Which of the following describes genetically modified crops?
Which of the following describes genetically modified crops?
Transgenic animals are exclusively used for agricultural purposes.
Transgenic animals are exclusively used for agricultural purposes.
What is the benefit of using recombinant therapeutics over non-human sourced products?
What is the benefit of using recombinant therapeutics over non-human sourced products?
What does PCR stand for in the context of detecting pathogens?
What does PCR stand for in the context of detecting pathogens?
What is one primary purpose of using ELISA in detecting infections?
What is one primary purpose of using ELISA in detecting infections?
What is one possible source of insulin when human insulin is not available?
What is one possible source of insulin when human insulin is not available?
Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to study how genes affect the normal functions of the body including _______.
Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to study how genes affect the normal functions of the body including _______.
Insulin extracted from animal sources is always safe and does not cause allergic reactions.
Insulin extracted from animal sources is always safe and does not cause allergic reactions.
What are the two polypeptide chains that compose human insulin?
What are the two polypeptide chains that compose human insulin?
What is the main benefit of producing transgenic animals?
What is the main benefit of producing transgenic animals?
Bacteria can be engineered using __________ techniques to produce human insulin.
Bacteria can be engineered using __________ techniques to produce human insulin.
PCR can only detect pathogens when symptoms of the disease are visible.
PCR can only detect pathogens when symptoms of the disease are visible.
What type of biological material is typically used as a probe in PCR?
What type of biological material is typically used as a probe in PCR?
Which year was a significant breakthrough in the production of insulin using recombinant DNA technology?
Which year was a significant breakthrough in the production of insulin using recombinant DNA technology?
Gene therapy aims to remove defective genes from an individual's cells to treat hereditary diseases.
Gene therapy aims to remove defective genes from an individual's cells to treat hereditary diseases.
Why can't insulin be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients?
Why can't insulin be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients?
What process is used to silence specific mRNA in plants to prevent nematode infestation?
What process is used to silence specific mRNA in plants to prevent nematode infestation?
Transgenic plants can survive nematode infestations by expressing specific interfering RNA.
Transgenic plants can survive nematode infestations by expressing specific interfering RNA.
What is the primary benefit of recombinant therapeutics compared to similar products from non-human sources?
What is the primary benefit of recombinant therapeutics compared to similar products from non-human sources?
Meloidegyne incognitia is a type of ______ that infects tobacco plant roots.
Meloidegyne incognitia is a type of ______ that infects tobacco plant roots.
Which of the following is a significant outcome of the introduction of dsRNA in host plants?
Which of the following is a significant outcome of the introduction of dsRNA in host plants?
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide.
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide.
What is the role of Agrobacterium in the process of creating pest-resistant plants?
What is the role of Agrobacterium in the process of creating pest-resistant plants?
What is one of the benefits of genetically modified crops?
What is one of the benefits of genetically modified crops?
Recombinant DNA technology is used exclusively for agricultural purposes.
Recombinant DNA technology is used exclusively for agricultural purposes.
What is gene therapy primarily designed to do?
What is gene therapy primarily designed to do?
Transgenic ______________ are organisms that have been genetically modified to contain a gene from another species.
Transgenic ______________ are organisms that have been genetically modified to contain a gene from another species.
Match the following biotechnological applications with their benefits:
Match the following biotechnological applications with their benefits:
Which of the following statements about gene targeting is correct?
Which of the following statements about gene targeting is correct?
Genetically modified organisms can cause allergic reactions due to their similar structure to natural products.
Genetically modified organisms can cause allergic reactions due to their similar structure to natural products.
The Indian Government introduced the Indian Patents Bill to address issues related to ________ and benefit sharing.
The Indian Government introduced the Indian Patents Bill to address issues related to ________ and benefit sharing.
Which statement is true regarding the action of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria?
Which statement is true regarding the action of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria?
Gene therapy can correct genetic defects by adding functional genes to a patient's cells.
Gene therapy can correct genetic defects by adding functional genes to a patient's cells.
The process of removing defective genes from an individual's cells is known as __________.
The process of removing defective genes from an individual's cells is known as __________.
Match the following components with their roles in plant propagation:
Match the following components with their roles in plant propagation:
Transgenic mice are currently being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
Transgenic mice are currently being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
What human protein is produced by transgenic animals to treat emphysema?
What human protein is produced by transgenic animals to treat emphysema?
Transgenic animals are made more sensitive to ______ substances for toxicity testing.
Transgenic animals are made more sensitive to ______ substances for toxicity testing.
Match the following human diseases with their corresponding transgenic model applications:
Match the following human diseases with their corresponding transgenic model applications:
What is the purpose of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) in India?
What is the purpose of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) in India?
Genetic modifications of organisms always have predictable results.
Genetic modifications of organisms always have predictable results.
What ethical concern is associated with the manipulation of living organisms?
What ethical concern is associated with the manipulation of living organisms?
What was the primary aim of the first clinical gene therapy conducted in 1990?
What was the primary aim of the first clinical gene therapy conducted in 1990?
Gene therapy can permanently cure all genetic diseases.
Gene therapy can permanently cure all genetic diseases.
What is the technique used to introduce a functional gene into a patient's lymphocytes for treating ADA deficiency?
What is the technique used to introduce a functional gene into a patient's lymphocytes for treating ADA deficiency?
Using __________, the diagnosis of a disease can occur much earlier than with conventional methods.
Using __________, the diagnosis of a disease can occur much earlier than with conventional methods.
Match the following treatments with their relevant diseases:
Match the following treatments with their relevant diseases:
Which method is NOT mentioned as a treatment for ADA deficiency?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a treatment for ADA deficiency?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used for early disease diagnosis.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used for early disease diagnosis.
What is the main reason bone marrow transplantation is considered a treatment method for ADA deficiency?
What is the main reason bone marrow transplantation is considered a treatment method for ADA deficiency?
Indian Basmati rice is known for its unique aroma and flavor.
Indian Basmati rice is known for its unique aroma and flavor.
What year did an American company obtain patent rights on Basmati rice?
What year did an American company obtain patent rights on Basmati rice?
The diversity of rice in India is considered one of the richest in the world, with an estimated _______ varieties.
The diversity of rice in India is considered one of the richest in the world, with an estimated _______ varieties.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the patenting of bio-resources?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the patenting of bio-resources?
Developing countries are typically poorer in biodiversity compared to industrialized nations.
Developing countries are typically poorer in biodiversity compared to industrialized nations.
What impact can patent applications have on traditional herbal medicines?
What impact can patent applications have on traditional herbal medicines?
What is the primary function of Cry proteins produced by certain bacteria?
What is the primary function of Cry proteins produced by certain bacteria?
Transgenic bacteria are capable of carrying and expressing genes from another organism.
Transgenic bacteria are capable of carrying and expressing genes from another organism.
Name one ethical concern raised by the manipulation of microbes, plants, and animals.
Name one ethical concern raised by the manipulation of microbes, plants, and animals.
The major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation is __________.
The major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation is __________.
Match the following biotechnological processes with their definitions:
Match the following biotechnological processes with their definitions:
What does raising transgenic animals offer in terms of vaccine safety testing?
What does raising transgenic animals offer in terms of vaccine safety testing?
Transgenic cows can be engineered to produce milk that is nutritionally superior to cow milk.
Transgenic cows can be engineered to produce milk that is nutritionally superior to cow milk.
What protein used to treat emphysema is produced by transgenic animals?
What protein used to treat emphysema is produced by transgenic animals?
Transgenic models exist for various human diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ______.
Transgenic models exist for various human diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ______.
Match the following transgenic animal applications with their purposes:
Match the following transgenic animal applications with their purposes:
Which organization is responsible for regulating genetic modification research in India?
Which organization is responsible for regulating genetic modification research in India?
Transgenic animals are created solely through natural breeding methods.
Transgenic animals are created solely through natural breeding methods.
What significant ethical issue arises from the manipulation of living organisms?
What significant ethical issue arises from the manipulation of living organisms?
Which of the following is a primary reason traditional breeding techniques struggled to keep up with food demand?
Which of the following is a primary reason traditional breeding techniques struggled to keep up with food demand?
Genetically modified crops are exclusively produced using organic agriculture methods.
Genetically modified crops are exclusively produced using organic agriculture methods.
What is the technique developed in the 1950s that allows whole plants to be regenerated from plant parts?
What is the technique developed in the 1950s that allows whole plants to be regenerated from plant parts?
The ability of a plant cell to generate a whole plant from any part is known as __________.
The ability of a plant cell to generate a whole plant from any part is known as __________.
Match the following agricultural methods with their descriptions:
Match the following agricultural methods with their descriptions:
Which area of biotechnology focuses on improving organisms for catalysis?
Which area of biotechnology focuses on improving organisms for catalysis?
The Green Revolution completely addressed the issue of food scarcity worldwide.
The Green Revolution completely addressed the issue of food scarcity worldwide.
What is the first step in the micro-propagation process?
What is the first step in the micro-propagation process?
Name one critical area of biotechnology related to processing and purification.
Name one critical area of biotechnology related to processing and purification.
Micro-propagation can result in plants that are genetically different from the original plant.
Micro-propagation can result in plants that are genetically different from the original plant.
What is the term used to describe plants created through the fusion of protoplasts from two different varieties?
What is the term used to describe plants created through the fusion of protoplasts from two different varieties?
The process of creating genetically modified organisms is often abbreviated as ______.
The process of creating genetically modified organisms is often abbreviated as ______.
Match the following applications of tissue culture with their descriptions:
Match the following applications of tissue culture with their descriptions:
Which of the following plants has NOT been mentioned as successfully produced through tissue culture?
Which of the following plants has NOT been mentioned as successfully produced through tissue culture?
Meristematic tissue is typically infected by viruses.
Meristematic tissue is typically infected by viruses.
Name one method through which farmers can achieve maximum yield while minimizing environmental impact.
Name one method through which farmers can achieve maximum yield while minimizing environmental impact.
What effect does genetic modification have on crops in relation to abiotic stresses?
What effect does genetic modification have on crops in relation to abiotic stresses?
The Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis can kill insects without affecting the bacteria itself.
The Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis can kill insects without affecting the bacteria itself.
Genetic modification has increased the __________ value of food, such as golden rice enriched with Vitamin A.
Genetic modification has increased the __________ value of food, such as golden rice enriched with Vitamin A.
Which gene is specifically identified for providing resistance to cotton bollworms?
Which gene is specifically identified for providing resistance to cotton bollworms?
Genetic modification reduces the efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
Genetic modification reduces the efficiency of mineral usage by plants.
What is the main purpose of incorporating the Bt toxin gene into crops?
What is the main purpose of incorporating the Bt toxin gene into crops?
What is the primary use of PCR in medical diagnostics?
What is the primary use of PCR in medical diagnostics?
Transgenic animals are primarily created to improve agricultural productivity.
Transgenic animals are primarily created to improve agricultural productivity.
What do the initials ELISA stand for?
What do the initials ELISA stand for?
PCR can detect very low concentrations of ______ in the body.
PCR can detect very low concentrations of ______ in the body.
Which of the following is a benefit of using transgenic animals?
Which of the following is a benefit of using transgenic animals?
PCR can only detect viruses, not bacteria.
PCR can only detect viruses, not bacteria.
Transgenic mice are often used as models for understanding human ______ diseases.
Transgenic mice are often used as models for understanding human ______ diseases.
What was the first condition treated by gene therapy in 1990?
What was the first condition treated by gene therapy in 1990?
Gene therapy can be a complete cure when performed on embryonic cells.
Gene therapy can be a complete cure when performed on embryonic cells.
What does ADA stand for in the context of gene therapy?
What does ADA stand for in the context of gene therapy?
Gene therapy involves the insertion of a normal gene into a person's ______.
Gene therapy involves the insertion of a normal gene into a person's ______.
Match the following techniques with their purposes in diagnosis:
Match the following techniques with their purposes in diagnosis:
Which treatment options are typically NOT considered curative for ADA deficiency?
Which treatment options are typically NOT considered curative for ADA deficiency?
What is the primary method used to grow lymphocytes for gene therapy development?
What is the primary method used to grow lymphocytes for gene therapy development?
Early diagnosis of diseases is possible through conventional methods only.
Early diagnosis of diseases is possible through conventional methods only.
Which of the following is NOT an area of biotechnology research?
Which of the following is NOT an area of biotechnology research?
Tissue culture technology allows regeneration of a whole plant from any part of the plant.
Tissue culture technology allows regeneration of a whole plant from any part of the plant.
What is the term used for improved organisms in biotechnology that act as catalysts?
What is the term used for improved organisms in biotechnology that act as catalysts?
The process of using genetically modified organisms in agriculture is often referred to as ______ based agriculture.
The process of using genetically modified organisms in agriculture is often referred to as ______ based agriculture.
Match the following biotechnological applications with their corresponding areas:
Match the following biotechnological applications with their corresponding areas:
What was one of the main outcomes of the Green Revolution?
What was one of the main outcomes of the Green Revolution?
What product did the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produce?
What product did the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produce?
The ability of a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant is called ______.
The ability of a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant is called ______.
Genetic modification of organisms has no unpredictable results when introduced into the ecosystem.
Genetic modification of organisms has no unpredictable results when introduced into the ecosystem.
What is the purpose of transgenic mice in vaccine testing?
What is the purpose of transgenic mice in vaccine testing?
Transgenic animals created for toxicity testing are made to be more sensitive to ______ substances.
Transgenic animals created for toxicity testing are made to be more sensitive to ______ substances.
Which organization has been established by the Indian Government to regulate GM research?
Which organization has been established by the Indian Government to regulate GM research?
Transgenic models for human diseases completely eliminate the necessity for animal testing.
Transgenic models for human diseases completely eliminate the necessity for animal testing.
The human protein used to treat emphysema is called ______.
The human protein used to treat emphysema is called ______.
What is the main purpose of recombinant DNA technology?
What is the main purpose of recombinant DNA technology?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) can be created using only natural methods.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) can be created using only natural methods.
What is gene therapy primarily used to treat?
What is gene therapy primarily used to treat?
___ is a genetically modified plant known for increased nutritional value, often called 'golden rice'.
___ is a genetically modified plant known for increased nutritional value, often called 'golden rice'.
Match the following biotechnological applications with their primary benefits:
Match the following biotechnological applications with their primary benefits:
What role do transgenic animals play in biotechnology?
What role do transgenic animals play in biotechnology?
Recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins and are safe for human use.
Recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins and are safe for human use.
What is one of the implications of the Indian Patents Bill amendments regarding bio-resources?
What is one of the implications of the Indian Patents Bill amendments regarding bio-resources?
What is the process called when hybrid protoplasts are formed from cells of different plant varieties?
What is the process called when hybrid protoplasts are formed from cells of different plant varieties?
Micro-propagation results in genetically diverse plants.
Micro-propagation results in genetically diverse plants.
What is the main benefit of using meristem to recover plants?
What is the main benefit of using meristem to recover plants?
Plants that have been genetically altered through methods like genetic modification are known as ______.
Plants that have been genetically altered through methods like genetic modification are known as ______.
Match the following food plants with their method of mass propagation:
Match the following food plants with their method of mass propagation:
Which growth regulators are mentioned as important for nutrient medium in tissue culture?
Which growth regulators are mentioned as important for nutrient medium in tissue culture?
Pomato, a hybrid of tomato and potato, successfully combines all desirable characteristics.
Pomato, a hybrid of tomato and potato, successfully combines all desirable characteristics.
Name one application of genetically modified crops.
Name one application of genetically modified crops.
What is a benefit of using Bt toxin in genetically modified crops?
What is a benefit of using Bt toxin in genetically modified crops?
The toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is active before ingestion by insects.
The toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is active before ingestion by insects.
What does the cryIAc gene code for?
What does the cryIAc gene code for?
Genetic modification has helped develop pest-resistant crops, which reduce reliance on ______.
Genetic modification has helped develop pest-resistant crops, which reduce reliance on ______.
Match the following crops with the pests they are engineered to resist:
Match the following crops with the pests they are engineered to resist:
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic modification in agriculture?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic modification in agriculture?
The proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to all insect types.
The proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to all insect types.
What are the primary products of genetically modified plants developed using Bt toxin?
What are the primary products of genetically modified plants developed using Bt toxin?
Which component of the medium is essential for the propagation of an explant in vitro?
Which component of the medium is essential for the propagation of an explant in vitro?
Transgenic organisms can only be created using bacteria as vectors.
Transgenic organisms can only be created using bacteria as vectors.
What is gene therapy?
What is gene therapy?
The proteins produced by the bacterium, ________, are used to protect plants from pests.
The proteins produced by the bacterium, ________, are used to protect plants from pests.
Developed nations are typically rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
Developed nations are typically rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
What unique characteristics make Basmati rice distinct?
What unique characteristics make Basmati rice distinct?
The American company received patent rights on Basmati rice in _____ through the US Patent and Trademark Office.
The American company received patent rights on Basmati rice in _____ through the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Match the traditional herbal medicine with its known use:
Match the traditional herbal medicine with its known use:
What could happen if patent applications related to bio-resources are not properly countered?
What could happen if patent applications related to bio-resources are not properly countered?
What factor contributes to the rich diversity of rice in India?
What factor contributes to the rich diversity of rice in India?
What is the role of the complementary dsRNA molecule in the RNA interference process?
What is the role of the complementary dsRNA molecule in the RNA interference process?
A patent can restrict others from selling Basmati rice even if they are selling genetically similar varieties.
A patent can restrict others from selling Basmati rice even if they are selling genetically similar varieties.
Transgenic plants expressing specific interfering RNA can survive nematode infestations.
Transgenic plants expressing specific interfering RNA can survive nematode infestations.
What is the primary purpose of RNA interference in plants?
What is the primary purpose of RNA interference in plants?
The introduction of __________ genes into plants can help them resist nematode infestations.
The introduction of __________ genes into plants can help them resist nematode infestations.
Match the following applications of recombinant DNA technology with their benefits:
Match the following applications of recombinant DNA technology with their benefits:
Which organism is commonly used as a vector in the introduction of DNA into host plants?
Which organism is commonly used as a vector in the introduction of DNA into host plants?
Currently, there are 12 recombinant therapeutics approved in India for human use.
Currently, there are 12 recombinant therapeutics approved in India for human use.
Name one method of cellular defense that occurs in eukaryotic organisms.
Name one method of cellular defense that occurs in eukaryotic organisms.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are created exclusively through traditional breeding methods.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are created exclusively through traditional breeding methods.
What type of animals are used as models to study human diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s?
What type of animals are used as models to study human diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s?
The introduction of __________ is aimed at addressing the inadequate compensation and benefit sharing between countries regarding bio-resources.
The introduction of __________ is aimed at addressing the inadequate compensation and benefit sharing between countries regarding bio-resources.
Match the following biotechnology applications with their corresponding uses:
Match the following biotechnology applications with their corresponding uses:
What has recombinant DNA technology achieved in healthcare?
What has recombinant DNA technology achieved in healthcare?
GM crops have contributed to a reduction in reliance on chemical pesticides.
GM crops have contributed to a reduction in reliance on chemical pesticides.
What significant impact does gene targeting have in gene therapy?
What significant impact does gene targeting have in gene therapy?
What is the primary function of RNA interference (RNAi) in plants?
What is the primary function of RNA interference (RNAi) in plants?
Recombinant therapeutics sourced from non-human origins often cause unwanted immunological responses.
Recombinant therapeutics sourced from non-human origins often cause unwanted immunological responses.
What type of RNA is introduced into host plants to trigger RNA interference against nematodes?
What type of RNA is introduced into host plants to trigger RNA interference against nematodes?
A nematode called __________ infects the roots of tobacco plants.
A nematode called __________ infects the roots of tobacco plants.
Which of the following is a benefit of transgenic plants that express interfering RNA?
Which of the following is a benefit of transgenic plants that express interfering RNA?
All recombinant therapeutics approved for human use are derived from human sources.
All recombinant therapeutics approved for human use are derived from human sources.
What is the main purpose of producing recombinant DNA therapeutics?
What is the main purpose of producing recombinant DNA therapeutics?
What is the primary goal of gene therapy?
What is the primary goal of gene therapy?
Gene therapy can be a permanent cure if a functional gene is introduced at the early embryonic stages.
Gene therapy can be a permanent cure if a functional gene is introduced at the early embryonic stages.
What disorder was the first clinical gene therapy aimed at treating in 1990?
What disorder was the first clinical gene therapy aimed at treating in 1990?
The first clinical gene therapy was administered to a ____ year old girl.
The first clinical gene therapy was administered to a ____ year old girl.
Match the following treatments with their descriptions:
Match the following treatments with their descriptions:
Which technique is NOT commonly associated with early diagnosis of diseases?
Which technique is NOT commonly associated with early diagnosis of diseases?
The presence of a pathogen is often detected before any symptoms appear.
The presence of a pathogen is often detected before any symptoms appear.
What was the first transgenic animal to produce human protein-enriched milk?
What was the first transgenic animal to produce human protein-enriched milk?
Name one technique that aids in early diagnosis of diseases.
Name one technique that aids in early diagnosis of diseases.
Transgenic mice are being developed for testing the safety of vaccines.
Transgenic mice are being developed for testing the safety of vaccines.
Match the following human diseases with their related transgenic models:
Match the following human diseases with their related transgenic models:
Which organization has been set up by the Indian Government to regulate GM research?
Which organization has been set up by the Indian Government to regulate GM research?
The introduction of transgenic models for human diseases has completely eliminated the need for animal testing.
The introduction of transgenic models for human diseases has completely eliminated the need for animal testing.
Which human protein was produced by the first-ever transgenic cow?
Which human protein was produced by the first-ever transgenic cow?
What term describes the unauthorized use of bio-resources by companies without compensatory payment?
What term describes the unauthorized use of bio-resources by companies without compensatory payment?
The patent on Basmati rice was granted to an Indian company.
The patent on Basmati rice was granted to an Indian company.
Name one element that makes Indian rice varieties distinct.
Name one element that makes Indian rice varieties distinct.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources is often exploited to develop __________ applications.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources is often exploited to develop __________ applications.
Match the following rice varieties with their description:
Match the following rice varieties with their description:
Which of the following issues has been raised regarding patents granted on traditional crops?
Which of the following issues has been raised regarding patents granted on traditional crops?
India has a rich biodiversity that includes approximately 200,000 varieties of rice.
India has a rich biodiversity that includes approximately 200,000 varieties of rice.
What is one of the major concerns with patenting traditional herbal medicines, such as turmeric?
What is one of the major concerns with patenting traditional herbal medicines, such as turmeric?
What potential issue arose from using insulin extracted from animals?
What potential issue arose from using insulin extracted from animals?
Human insulin can be orally administered without any complications.
Human insulin can be orally administered without any complications.
What is the reason that crystals of Bt toxin do not kill the bacteria that produce them?
What is the reason that crystals of Bt toxin do not kill the bacteria that produce them?
What were chains A and B in the context of insulin?
What were chains A and B in the context of insulin?
Gene therapy aims to address genetic disorders by introducing healthy genes into a patient's cells.
Gene therapy aims to address genetic disorders by introducing healthy genes into a patient's cells.
What are Cry proteins?
What are Cry proteins?
Insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone which contains an extra stretch called the ______.
Insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone which contains an extra stretch called the ______.
Match the following components in insulin production with their descriptions:
Match the following components in insulin production with their descriptions:
The process of cloning a gene for growth hormone into a bacteria involves inserting the gene into a _______ vector.
The process of cloning a gene for growth hormone into a bacteria involves inserting the gene into a _______ vector.
What was the main challenge in producing insulin using rDNA techniques?
What was the main challenge in producing insulin using rDNA techniques?
Gene therapy aims to correct hereditary diseases.
Gene therapy aims to correct hereditary diseases.
In 1983, Eli Lilly introduced DNA sequences for the A and B chains of human insulin into ______ to produce insulin.
In 1983, Eli Lilly introduced DNA sequences for the A and B chains of human insulin into ______ to produce insulin.
What is the process called when protoplasts from two different plant varieties are fused to create new hybrid plants?
What is the process called when protoplasts from two different plant varieties are fused to create new hybrid plants?
Plants produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to the original plant.
Plants produced through micro-propagation are genetically identical to the original plant.
What are the two main types of plant growth regulators mentioned in the content?
What are the two main types of plant growth regulators mentioned in the content?
The process of recovering healthy plants from diseased plants involves removing the __________.
The process of recovering healthy plants from diseased plants involves removing the __________.
Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
Pomato is a successful hybrid plant with desirable characteristics for commercial utilization.
Pomato is a successful hybrid plant with desirable characteristics for commercial utilization.
What are the naked protoplasts obtained after digesting the cell walls of plant cells surrounded by?
What are the naked protoplasts obtained after digesting the cell walls of plant cells surrounded by?
What technology is primarily used to detect very low amounts of DNA?
What technology is primarily used to detect very low amounts of DNA?
Transgenic animals can only be produced from bacterial genes.
Transgenic animals can only be produced from bacterial genes.
What is the primary purpose of using PCR in detecting pathogens?
What is the primary purpose of using PCR in detecting pathogens?
Transgenic animals are often used to study ______ diseases.
Transgenic animals are often used to study ______ diseases.
Match the following techniques with their primary purposes:
Match the following techniques with their primary purposes:
What type of probe is used in the PCR method to detect low concentrations of pathogens?
What type of probe is used in the PCR method to detect low concentrations of pathogens?
ELISA detects the presence of pathogens by identifying the human body's response.
ELISA detects the presence of pathogens by identifying the human body's response.
What was significant about the transgenic cow named Rosie?
What was significant about the transgenic cow named Rosie?
Transgenic mice are being developed solely for testing the toxicity of chemicals.
Transgenic mice are being developed solely for testing the toxicity of chemicals.
What is the purpose of introducing specific DNA segments into transgenic animals?
What is the purpose of introducing specific DNA segments into transgenic animals?
Transgenic animals are especially designed to be more sensitive to ______ substances for safety testing.
Transgenic animals are especially designed to be more sensitive to ______ substances for safety testing.
Match the following human diseases with their related transgenic applications:
Match the following human diseases with their related transgenic applications:
Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding genetic modification of organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding genetic modification of organisms?
The Indian Government's Genetic Engineering Approval Committee aims to promote unrestricted GM research.
The Indian Government's Genetic Engineering Approval Committee aims to promote unrestricted GM research.
What type of testing can transgenic mice replace in vaccine safety evaluation?
What type of testing can transgenic mice replace in vaccine safety evaluation?
There are more than 200,000 varieties of rice in India.
There are more than 200,000 varieties of rice in India.
What company received patent rights on Basmati rice in 1997?
What company received patent rights on Basmati rice in 1997?
The distinct aroma of Basmati rice is due to its unique __________.
The distinct aroma of Basmati rice is due to its unique __________.
Which problem is associated with patents on genetic materials?
Which problem is associated with patents on genetic materials?
The patent for Basmati rice was claimed as a new invention despite being derived from Indian farmers' varieties.
The patent for Basmati rice was claimed as a new invention despite being derived from Indian farmers' varieties.
Name one traditional herbal medicine mentioned that is sought for patenting.
Name one traditional herbal medicine mentioned that is sought for patenting.
What is one significant benefit of genetic modification in crops?
What is one significant benefit of genetic modification in crops?
Bt toxin is produced in its active form by Bacillus thuringiensis.
Bt toxin is produced in its active form by Bacillus thuringiensis.
What type of toxins are produced by B. thuringiensis that help protect crops?
What type of toxins are produced by B. thuringiensis that help protect crops?
The protein crystals in Bacillus thuringiensis dissolve in the insect's gut due to its ______ pH.
The protein crystals in Bacillus thuringiensis dissolve in the insect's gut due to its ______ pH.
What does genetic modification of crops like Bt corn aim to achieve?
What does genetic modification of crops like Bt corn aim to achieve?
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses.
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses.
What is one benefit of using genetically modified (GM) crops?
What is one benefit of using genetically modified (GM) crops?
Recombinant DNA technology allows humans to produce therapeutics that can cause unwanted immunological responses.
Recombinant DNA technology allows humans to produce therapeutics that can cause unwanted immunological responses.
What process is used to insert genes into an individual's cells for the treatment of diseases?
What process is used to insert genes into an individual's cells for the treatment of diseases?
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are often created using _______ technology.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are often created using _______ technology.
Match the following therapeutic uses with their relevant aspect of biotechnology:
Match the following therapeutic uses with their relevant aspect of biotechnology:
Which of the following is a consequence of developing laws to regulate bio-resources and traditional knowledge?
Which of the following is a consequence of developing laws to regulate bio-resources and traditional knowledge?
Transgenic plants can improve the nutritional value of foods while reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.
Transgenic plants can improve the nutritional value of foods while reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides.
What is the primary goal of gene targeting in gene therapy?
What is the primary goal of gene targeting in gene therapy?
Which of the following is a benefit of genetic modification in crops?
Which of the following is a benefit of genetic modification in crops?
Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is in an active form before being ingested by insects.
Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is in an active form before being ingested by insects.
The Green Revolution was able to completely eliminate hunger around the world.
The Green Revolution was able to completely eliminate hunger around the world.
What capacity allows a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant from any part?
What capacity allows a plant cell to regenerate a whole plant from any part?
What bacterium is responsible for producing the Bt toxin used in genetically modified crops?
What bacterium is responsible for producing the Bt toxin used in genetically modified crops?
The process of growing whole plants from explants in a sterile environment is known as __________.
The process of growing whole plants from explants in a sterile environment is known as __________.
Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to __________ stresses.
Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to __________ stresses.
Match the biotechnological applications with their correct descriptions:
Match the biotechnological applications with their correct descriptions:
Which of these crops has been genetically modified to express the Bt toxin?
Which of these crops has been genetically modified to express the Bt toxin?
Which of the following agricultural practices relies the least on external inputs like agrochemicals?
Which of the following agricultural practices relies the least on external inputs like agrochemicals?
Improved management practices and agrochemicals are responsible for the increased food yields observed during the Green Revolution.
Improved management practices and agrochemicals are responsible for the increased food yields observed during the Green Revolution.
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses in crops.
Genetic modification can help reduce post-harvest losses in crops.
What is the primary purpose of incorporating the cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis into crops?
What is the primary purpose of incorporating the cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis into crops?
Agrochemicals were criticized for being too expensive for farmers in developing __________.
Agrochemicals were criticized for being too expensive for farmers in developing __________.
Which of the following components is necessary for tissue culture propagation?
Which of the following components is necessary for tissue culture propagation?
What are the plants called that are produced via somatic hybridization?
What are the plants called that are produced via somatic hybridization?
Plant cells that have been altered by human manipulation are known as __________.
Plant cells that have been altered by human manipulation are known as __________.
Match the following applications of tissue culture with their purposes:
Match the following applications of tissue culture with their purposes:
What is a hybrid plant created from tomato and potato called?
What is a hybrid plant created from tomato and potato called?
Genetically modified crops have no environmental benefits and only increase yields.
Genetically modified crops have no environmental benefits and only increase yields.
Name one food plant that has been produced on a commercial scale using tissue culture.
Name one food plant that has been produced on a commercial scale using tissue culture.
Nematodes can infect both plants and animals.
Nematodes can infect both plants and animals.
What technique is used to introduce nematode-specific genes into host plants?
What technique is used to introduce nematode-specific genes into host plants?
The introduction of DNA into transgenic plants produces both sense and _______ RNA.
The introduction of DNA into transgenic plants produces both sense and _______ RNA.
Match the following recombinant therapeutics with their purposes:
Match the following recombinant therapeutics with their purposes:
Which of the following is a benefit of using recombinant DNA technology in medicine?
Which of the following is a benefit of using recombinant DNA technology in medicine?
Recombinant therapeutics often induce unwanted immunological responses compared to their non-human counterparts.
Recombinant therapeutics often induce unwanted immunological responses compared to their non-human counterparts.
About ______ recombinant therapeutics have currently been approved for human use worldwide.
About ______ recombinant therapeutics have currently been approved for human use worldwide.
Which of the following statements about animal-source insulin is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about animal-source insulin is NOT true?
Insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria can be synthesized in a form that is identical to human insulin.
Insulin produced by genetically modified bacteria can be synthesized in a form that is identical to human insulin.
What is the extra stretch called that is found in the pro-hormone form of insulin?
What is the extra stretch called that is found in the pro-hormone form of insulin?
The insulin used to treat diabetes was previously extracted from the pancreas of _______ and _______.
The insulin used to treat diabetes was previously extracted from the pancreas of _______ and _______.
Match the insulin components with their descriptions:
Match the insulin components with their descriptions:
Why can insulin not be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients?
Why can insulin not be effectively administered orally to diabetic patients?
Gene therapy can only correct genetic diseases by removing defective genes.
Gene therapy can only correct genetic diseases by removing defective genes.
In what year did Eli Lilly produce DNA sequences corresponding to human insulin chains?
In what year did Eli Lilly produce DNA sequences corresponding to human insulin chains?
What is the main concern related to the patenting of Basmati rice?
What is the main concern related to the patenting of Basmati rice?
The concept of biopiracy involves the proper authorization and compensatory payment for the use of bio-resources.
The concept of biopiracy involves the proper authorization and compensatory payment for the use of bio-resources.
Name one traditional Indian herbal medicine that has faced patent claims.
Name one traditional Indian herbal medicine that has faced patent claims.
Biopiracy mainly affects __________ countries, which are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
Biopiracy mainly affects __________ countries, which are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
Why is the diversity of rice in India significant?
Why is the diversity of rice in India significant?
The American company acquired patent rights on Basmati rice through the Indian Patent and Trademark Office.
The American company acquired patent rights on Basmati rice through the Indian Patent and Trademark Office.
What is the primary purpose of micro-propagation in tissue culture?
What is the primary purpose of micro-propagation in tissue culture?
What type of RNA interference is used to protect plants from nematode infestation?
What type of RNA interference is used to protect plants from nematode infestation?
Meristems of infected plants are typically free of viruses.
Meristems of infected plants are typically free of viruses.
Transgenic plants can express both sense and anti-sense RNA to silence specific mRNA.
Transgenic plants can express both sense and anti-sense RNA to silence specific mRNA.
What are plants produced through tissue culture known as?
What are plants produced through tissue culture known as?
Name one recombinant therapeutic that has been approved for human use.
Name one recombinant therapeutic that has been approved for human use.
In somatic hybridization, two isolated protoplasts are _____ to create new hybrid plants.
In somatic hybridization, two isolated protoplasts are _____ to create new hybrid plants.
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
The nematode Meloidegyne _______ causes significant yield reduction in tobacco plants.
The nematode Meloidegyne _______ causes significant yield reduction in tobacco plants.
Match the following descriptions with the corresponding biotechnology terms:
Match the following descriptions with the corresponding biotechnology terms:
Which of the following crops has NOT been mentioned as being produced through micro-propagation?
Which of the following crops has NOT been mentioned as being produced through micro-propagation?
What hybrid plant resulted from fusing the protoplasts of tomato and potato?
What hybrid plant resulted from fusing the protoplasts of tomato and potato?
What is the role of Antisense RNA in the context of RNA interference?
What is the role of Antisense RNA in the context of RNA interference?
Genetically modified crops have been shown to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Genetically modified crops have been shown to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have currently been approved for human use worldwide.
About 30 recombinant therapeutics have currently been approved for human use worldwide.
What mechanism do pest-resistant plants use to combat nematode infestation?
What mechanism do pest-resistant plants use to combat nematode infestation?
Insulin extracted from animals does not cause any allergic reactions in patients.
Insulin extracted from animals does not cause any allergic reactions in patients.
What are the two chains that make up human insulin?
What are the two chains that make up human insulin?
Which company first produced human insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
Which company first produced human insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct __________ diseases.
Gene therapy is an attempt to correct __________ diseases.
What is the main advantage of transgenic animals producing biological products?
What is the main advantage of transgenic animals producing biological products?
Transgenic mice have been developed to test the safety of vaccines before human usage.
Transgenic mice have been developed to test the safety of vaccines before human usage.
What was the name of the first transgenic cow that produced human protein-enriched milk?
What was the name of the first transgenic cow that produced human protein-enriched milk?
Transgenic animals created for ______ testing carry genes that make them more sensitive to toxic substances.
Transgenic animals created for ______ testing carry genes that make them more sensitive to toxic substances.
Match the following diseases with their associated transgenic models:
Match the following diseases with their associated transgenic models:
Which human protein is used to treat emphysema?
Which human protein is used to treat emphysema?
The manipulation of living organisms does not require any ethical regulations.
The manipulation of living organisms does not require any ethical regulations.
What committee has been established by the Indian Government to evaluate genetic modification research?
What committee has been established by the Indian Government to evaluate genetic modification research?
What is the primary benefit of developing pest-resistant crops?
What is the primary benefit of developing pest-resistant crops?
The Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis only affects specific insect groups.
The Bt toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis only affects specific insect groups.
Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants, preventing early exhaustion of __________.
Genetic modification has increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants, preventing early exhaustion of __________.
Match the following crops with their specific pest resistance:
Match the following crops with their specific pest resistance:
What part of the insect gut activates the Bt toxin?
What part of the insect gut activates the Bt toxin?
Genetic modification of crops can enhance their nutritional value, such as in golden rice.
Genetic modification of crops can enhance their nutritional value, such as in golden rice.
What is one application of biotechnology in agriculture?
What is one application of biotechnology in agriculture?
The patent granted to an American company for Basmati rice was based on a new variety developed from Indian farmer's varieties.
The patent granted to an American company for Basmati rice was based on a new variety developed from Indian farmer's varieties.
What is the significance of Basmati rice in India?
What is the significance of Basmati rice in India?
Most industrialized nations are financially rich but ______ in biodiversity.
Most industrialized nations are financially rich but ______ in biodiversity.
Match the traditional resources with their potential applications:
Match the traditional resources with their potential applications:
What is a significant concern regarding patent applications related to traditional herbal medicines?
What is a significant concern regarding patent applications related to traditional herbal medicines?
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources has no value in modern applications.
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources has no value in modern applications.
What might happen if counter-patent applications are not filed against biopiracy?
What might happen if counter-patent applications are not filed against biopiracy?
What is one primary benefit of genetic modification in crops?
What is one primary benefit of genetic modification in crops?
Bt toxin is active in its original form before being ingested by insects.
Bt toxin is active in its original form before being ingested by insects.
The protein coded by the gene cryIAc is designed to control the __________.
The protein coded by the gene cryIAc is designed to control the __________.
Match the following Bacillus thuringiensis proteins with their target insects:
Match the following Bacillus thuringiensis proteins with their target insects:
What does genetic modification help to reduce in agriculture?
What does genetic modification help to reduce in agriculture?
What is one of the main purposes of tissue culture in biotechnology?
What is one of the main purposes of tissue culture in biotechnology?
What is one application of biotechnology that can reduce post-harvest losses?
What is one application of biotechnology that can reduce post-harvest losses?
Genetically engineered crops are the only solution to increasing food production in agriculture.
Genetically engineered crops are the only solution to increasing food production in agriculture.
Genetic modification only increases the nutritional value of food without other benefits.
Genetic modification only increases the nutritional value of food without other benefits.
What critical area of biotechnology focuses on creating optimal conditions for catalysts to act?
What critical area of biotechnology focuses on creating optimal conditions for catalysts to act?
The _____ Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply but did not fully address the growing human population's needs.
The _____ Revolution succeeded in tripling the food supply but did not fully address the growing human population's needs.
Match the following biotechnological applications with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following biotechnological applications with their corresponding descriptions:
Which research area involves purifying proteins and organic compounds?
Which research area involves purifying proteins and organic compounds?
Tissue culture techniques were developed after the 1950s.
Tissue culture techniques were developed after the 1950s.
In biotechnology, improved organisms are often genetically modified _____ that serve as catalysts.
In biotechnology, improved organisms are often genetically modified _____ that serve as catalysts.
What process does RNA interference (RNAi) primarily involve?
What process does RNA interference (RNAi) primarily involve?
Name the nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants.
Name the nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants.
About ______ recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide.
About ______ recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide.
Match the following terms related to plant biotechnology with their functions:
Match the following terms related to plant biotechnology with their functions:
What is one benefit of recombinant insulin over animal-derived insulin?
What is one benefit of recombinant insulin over animal-derived insulin?
Recombinant therapeutics are commonly derived from non-human sources.
Recombinant therapeutics are commonly derived from non-human sources.
What does the introduction of specific genes in transgenic plants achieve?
What does the introduction of specific genes in transgenic plants achieve?
What is a key benefit of genetically modified (GM) crops?
What is a key benefit of genetically modified (GM) crops?
Gene therapy can only replace defective genes but cannot amplify existing genes.
Gene therapy can only replace defective genes but cannot amplify existing genes.
What substance is produced using recombinant DNA technology in bacteria that is identical to human insulin?
What substance is produced using recombinant DNA technology in bacteria that is identical to human insulin?
The process of inserting genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat diseases is known as _______.
The process of inserting genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat diseases is known as _______.
Match the following biotechnological techniques with their applications:
Match the following biotechnological techniques with their applications:
What is one of the key considerations in the Indian Patents Bill regarding bio-resources?
What is one of the key considerations in the Indian Patents Bill regarding bio-resources?
Transgenic animals are only used in agricultural applications.
Transgenic animals are only used in agricultural applications.
What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
The first clinical gene therapy was administered to a 4-year-old girl in 1990 for cystic fibrosis.
The first clinical gene therapy was administered to a 4-year-old girl in 1990 for cystic fibrosis.
What is the disorder caused by the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase?
What is the disorder caused by the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase?
Gene therapy may involve introducing a functional gene into a patient's __________ cells.
Gene therapy may involve introducing a functional gene into a patient's __________ cells.
Match the following techniques with their role in disease diagnosis:
Match the following techniques with their role in disease diagnosis:
Which treatment is NOT considered a complete cure for ADA deficiency?
Which treatment is NOT considered a complete cure for ADA deficiency?
Using conventional methods of diagnosis can allow for early detection of diseases.
Using conventional methods of diagnosis can allow for early detection of diseases.
What is a necessary step before returning engineered lymphocytes to the patient in gene therapy?
What is a necessary step before returning engineered lymphocytes to the patient in gene therapy?
What is a potential alternative source of insulin if human insulin is not available?
What is a potential alternative source of insulin if human insulin is not available?
Insulin extracted from animal sources caused no allergic reactions in patients.
Insulin extracted from animal sources caused no allergic reactions in patients.
The extra stretch called the ______ peptide is removed during the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin.
The extra stretch called the ______ peptide is removed during the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin.
Match the following components of insulin production with their functions:
Match the following components of insulin production with their functions:
What is the significance of the development made by Eli Lilly in 1983?
What is the significance of the development made by Eli Lilly in 1983?
What is one potential benefit of using transgenic animals in medical research?
What is one potential benefit of using transgenic animals in medical research?
What is the process of producing thousands of genetically identical plants called?
What is the process of producing thousands of genetically identical plants called?
Meristems are free of viruses and can be used to recover healthy plants.
Meristems are free of viruses and can be used to recover healthy plants.
Transgenic mice can replace the need for monkeys in testing vaccine safety.
Transgenic mice can replace the need for monkeys in testing vaccine safety.
Name one of the diseases for which transgenic models exist.
Name one of the diseases for which transgenic models exist.
What is a primary concern when using animal-derived insulin in diabetic patients?
What is a primary concern when using animal-derived insulin in diabetic patients?
Transgenic cow, Rosie, was known for producing human protein-enriched ______.
Transgenic cow, Rosie, was known for producing human protein-enriched ______.
The fusion of isolated protoplasts from two different plant varieties can lead to ______ hybrids.
The fusion of isolated protoplasts from two different plant varieties can lead to ______ hybrids.
What two chains make up the structure of insulin?
What two chains make up the structure of insulin?
Match the following transgenic animals with their uses:
Match the following transgenic animals with their uses:
What organization was established by the Indian Government to regulate genetic modification research?
What organization was established by the Indian Government to regulate genetic modification research?
Insulin originally extracted from the pancreas of __________ caused some patients to develop allergic reactions.
Insulin originally extracted from the pancreas of __________ caused some patients to develop allergic reactions.
What is one of the applications of tissue culture in agriculture?
What is one of the applications of tissue culture in agriculture?
Match the following insulin components with their descriptions:
Match the following insulin components with their descriptions:
Pomato is a widely successful hybrid plant that has all desired characteristics for commercial use.
Pomato is a widely successful hybrid plant that has all desired characteristics for commercial use.
Transgenic animals are less sensitive to toxic substances compared to non-transgenic animals.
Transgenic animals are less sensitive to toxic substances compared to non-transgenic animals.
Which technique was first used in 1983 to produce human insulin?
Which technique was first used in 1983 to produce human insulin?
Plants such as tomato, banana, and apple are propagated on a commercial scale through ______.
Plants such as tomato, banana, and apple are propagated on a commercial scale through ______.
Insulin consists of three polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bridges.
Insulin consists of three polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bridges.
What major problem did researchers face in producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
What major problem did researchers face in producing insulin using recombinant DNA techniques?
Which of the following is a primary benefit of genetically modified crops?
Which of the following is a primary benefit of genetically modified crops?
Recombinant DNA technology is used exclusively in agricultural applications.
Recombinant DNA technology is used exclusively in agricultural applications.
What is the role of gene therapy?
What is the role of gene therapy?
Transgenic animals are primarily used to understand diseases such as __________.
Transgenic animals are primarily used to understand diseases such as __________.
What is one of the main goals of laws being developed by nations regarding bio-resources?
What is one of the main goals of laws being developed by nations regarding bio-resources?
Human insulin produced through recombinant DNA technology is identical in structure to natural insulin.
Human insulin produced through recombinant DNA technology is identical in structure to natural insulin.
What does the technique of somatic hybridization offer in biotechnology?
What does the technique of somatic hybridization offer in biotechnology?
What is one major benefit of micropropagation in plant production?
What is one major benefit of micropropagation in plant production?
Cry proteins are harmless to humans but toxic to certain insects.
Cry proteins are harmless to humans but toxic to certain insects.
Only multinational companies are involved in biopiracy.
Only multinational companies are involved in biopiracy.
What is gene therapy, and can you provide an example?
What is gene therapy, and can you provide an example?
What is Basmati rice known for?
What is Basmati rice known for?
The bacterial protein that plays a role in pest control due to its toxicity is called __________.
The bacterial protein that plays a role in pest control due to its toxicity is called __________.
In 1997, a US company patented a 'new' variety of ______ rice.
In 1997, a US company patented a 'new' variety of ______ rice.
Match the following products with their traditional uses:
Match the following products with their traditional uses:
How many varieties of rice are estimated to be present in India?
How many varieties of rice are estimated to be present in India?
Traditional knowledge can be exploited to save time during commercialization.
Traditional knowledge can be exploited to save time during commercialization.
What year did an American company obtain a patent on Basmati rice?
What year did an American company obtain a patent on Basmati rice?
Which of the following is a component necessary for tissue culture in micro-propagation?
Which of the following is a component necessary for tissue culture in micro-propagation?
The Green Revolution completely eliminated the problem of food scarcity.
The Green Revolution completely eliminated the problem of food scarcity.
What is the process called that allows scientists to regenerate whole plants from any part of a plant?
What is the process called that allows scientists to regenerate whole plants from any part of a plant?
What term is used for the hybrid protoplasts formed by fusing isolated protoplasts from different plant varieties?
What term is used for the hybrid protoplasts formed by fusing isolated protoplasts from different plant varieties?
The process of using genetically altered plants is referred to as __________.
The process of using genetically altered plants is referred to as __________.
Agrochemicals, including ______ and ______, are often too expensive for farmers in developing countries.
Agrochemicals, including ______ and ______, are often too expensive for farmers in developing countries.
Match the following food plants with their relation to micro-propagation:
Match the following food plants with their relation to micro-propagation:
Match the following types of agriculture with their descriptions:
Match the following types of agriculture with their descriptions:
What is the purpose of culturing meristem in plant tissue culture?
What is the purpose of culturing meristem in plant tissue culture?
What major technological advancement arose due to limitations in traditional breeding techniques?
What major technological advancement arose due to limitations in traditional breeding techniques?
What is the name of the technique used to create genetically modified organisms?
What is the name of the technique used to create genetically modified organisms?
Tissue culture allows regeneration of plants from non-sterile conditions.
Tissue culture allows regeneration of plants from non-sterile conditions.
Name one major application of biotechnology in food production.
Name one major application of biotechnology in food production.
Isolated protoplasts can only be obtained from diseased plants.
Isolated protoplasts can only be obtained from diseased plants.
What technique is commonly used to amplify low concentrations of DNA in pathogens for detection?
What technique is commonly used to amplify low concentrations of DNA in pathogens for detection?
What does ELISA stand for?
What does ELISA stand for?
The probe in PCR hybridizes with its complementary _____ to assist in detection.
The probe in PCR hybridizes with its complementary _____ to assist in detection.
Match the following biotechnological techniques with their purposes:
Match the following biotechnological techniques with their purposes:
PCR can only be used to detect viral DNA.
PCR can only be used to detect viral DNA.
What type of molecule is typically used as a probe in genetic detection methods such as PCR?
What type of molecule is typically used as a probe in genetic detection methods such as PCR?
What mechanism is primarily used to silence specific mRNA in pest-resistant plants?
What mechanism is primarily used to silence specific mRNA in pest-resistant plants?
What is the role of Agrobacterium vectors in creating pest-resistant plants?
What is the role of Agrobacterium vectors in creating pest-resistant plants?
The process of RNA interference involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ______ molecule.
The process of RNA interference involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ______ molecule.
Which of the following is a benefit of using recombinant therapeutics?
Which of the following is a benefit of using recombinant therapeutics?
Genetically engineered insulin is less effective than insulin extracted from animal sources.
Genetically engineered insulin is less effective than insulin extracted from animal sources.
What type of crop modification is primarily discussed in the context of nematode resistance?
What type of crop modification is primarily discussed in the context of nematode resistance?
Insulin extracted from animal sources is always safe and does not elicit any allergic reactions.
Insulin extracted from animal sources is always safe and does not elicit any allergic reactions.
What are the two components of insulin called?
What are the two components of insulin called?
The extra stretch called the ______ is removed during the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin.
The extra stretch called the ______ is removed during the maturation of pro-insulin into insulin.
Match the following insulin production methods with their descriptions:
Match the following insulin production methods with their descriptions:
Which of the following options represents a potential benefit of using bacteria to produce insulin?
Which of the following options represents a potential benefit of using bacteria to produce insulin?
Gene therapy aims to introduce or replace defective genes in individuals with hereditary diseases.
Gene therapy aims to introduce or replace defective genes in individuals with hereditary diseases.
In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared two DNA sequences for the A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them into plasmids of ______.
In 1983, Eli Lilly prepared two DNA sequences for the A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them into plasmids of ______.
What does the term 'biopiracy' refer to?
What does the term 'biopiracy' refer to?
Basmati rice was patented by an American company in 1997 despite originating from Indian farmers' varieties.
Basmati rice was patented by an American company in 1997 despite originating from Indian farmers' varieties.
What is one major problem with the patents related to traditional agricultural products?
What is one major problem with the patents related to traditional agricultural products?
There are approximately ______ varieties of rice in India, making it one of the richest sources of rice diversity in the world.
There are approximately ______ varieties of rice in India, making it one of the richest sources of rice diversity in the world.
Match the following terms with their meanings:
Match the following terms with their meanings:
What is a common misconception about industrialized nations with regard to biodiversity?
What is a common misconception about industrialized nations with regard to biodiversity?
The unique qualities of Basmati rice were first recognized in modern times.
The unique qualities of Basmati rice were first recognized in modern times.
The process of crossing Indian Basmati rice with semi-dwarf varieties allowed an American company to claim it as a ______.
The process of crossing Indian Basmati rice with semi-dwarf varieties allowed an American company to claim it as a ______.
Flashcards
What is biotechnology?
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is a field that deals with the large-scale production of biological materials, such as medicines and crops, using genetically modified organisms.
What are some applications of biotechnology?
What are some applications of biotechnology?
Biotechnology has applications in various areas, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental cleanup.
How does biotechnology use organisms as catalysts?
How does biotechnology use organisms as catalysts?
One critical area of biotechnology involves creating improved organisms, like microbes, to act as highly effective catalysts for specific tasks.
How does biotechnology optimize conditions for catalysts?
How does biotechnology optimize conditions for catalysts?
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What is downstream processing in biotechnology?
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Explain tissue culture.
Explain tissue culture.
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What is totipotency?
What is totipotency?
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How did the Green Revolution affect food production?
How did the Green Revolution affect food production?
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Abiotic Stress Tolerance in GM Crops
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in GM Crops
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Pest Resistance in GM Crops
Pest Resistance in GM Crops
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Reduced Post-Harvest Losses in GM Crops
Reduced Post-Harvest Losses in GM Crops
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Efficient Nutrient Use in GM Crops
Efficient Nutrient Use in GM Crops
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Enhanced Nutritional Value in GM Crops
Enhanced Nutritional Value in GM Crops
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What is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)?
What is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)?
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Bt Toxin in GM Crops
Bt Toxin in GM Crops
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How does Bt toxin work?
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Animal Insulin
Animal Insulin
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Immune Response
Immune Response
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Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy
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Hormone
Hormone
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Pro-hormone
Pro-hormone
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Disulfide Bridge
Disulfide Bridge
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rDNA Technique
rDNA Technique
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Plasmid
Plasmid
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What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
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What are some applications of PCR?
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What is a DNA probe?
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What is ELISA?
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What are transgenic animals?
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How do GM crops improve stress tolerance?
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How do GM crops improve pest resistance?
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How has biotechnology impacted healthcare?
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What is gene therapy?
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Transgenic models for human diseases
Transgenic models for human diseases
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Transgenic animals for biological product production
Transgenic animals for biological product production
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Transgenic mice for vaccine safety testing
Transgenic mice for vaccine safety testing
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Transgenic animals for chemical safety testing
Transgenic animals for chemical safety testing
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Ethical considerations of genetic modification
Ethical considerations of genetic modification
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What is GEAC?
What is GEAC?
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Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of genetic modification?
Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of genetic modification?
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Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture
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Totipotency
Totipotency
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Genetically Engineered Crop-based Agriculture
Genetically Engineered Crop-based Agriculture
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Gene Transfer
Gene Transfer
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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
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Genetic Modification
Genetic Modification
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GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
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How are transgenic animals used in studying diseases?
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Explain the principle of ELISA.
Explain the principle of ELISA.
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How does gene therapy work for ADA deficiency?
How does gene therapy work for ADA deficiency?
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Why is early diagnosis important for disease treatment?
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How do molecular diagnostic techniques help in early diagnosis?
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What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) used for?
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How does ELISA help in diagnosing diseases?
How does ELISA help in diagnosing diseases?
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What is the significance of molecular diagnostic techniques in medicine?
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How do molecular diagnostic techniques contribute to patient outcomes?
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What is gene transfer?
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What are Cry proteins and what organism produces them?
What are Cry proteins and what organism produces them?
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What is gene therapy? Explain using ADA deficiency as an example.
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What are transgenic bacteria?
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Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops.
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops.
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Biopiracy
Biopiracy
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Basmati rice
Basmati rice
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Patenting of traditional knowledge
Patenting of traditional knowledge
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Semi-dwarf varieties of rice
Semi-dwarf varieties of rice
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Biotechnology in agriculture
Biotechnology in agriculture
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Patent infringement on traditional knowledge
Patent infringement on traditional knowledge
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Biodiversity
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Traditional knowledge
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What are transgenic models for human diseases?
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Why are transgenic animals used for biological product production?
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How are transgenic mice used for vaccine safety testing?
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Explain the use of transgenic animals in chemical safety testing?
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What are the ethical considerations of manipulating living organisms?
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What is the role of GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) in genetic modification?
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Why is ethics important in genetic modification?
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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
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What is micropropagation?
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What is a somatic hybrid?
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What is biotechnology in agriculture?
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Why is bacterial insulin a breakthrough?
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Why can't diabetes patients take insulin orally?
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How does insulin mature?
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Explain the rDNA technique for producing human insulin.
Explain the rDNA technique for producing human insulin.
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Why is early diagnosis important?
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Tissue Culture & Somatic Hybridisation
Tissue Culture & Somatic Hybridisation
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Recombinant DNA Technology
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Transgenic Animals
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Biotechnology and Patents
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Biopiracy of Traditional Knowledge
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RNA interference (RNAi)
RNA interference (RNAi)
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Meloidegyne incognitia
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RNAi-based pest resistance
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Transgenic plant
Transgenic plant
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Recombinant Insulin
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ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
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PCR
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Why can't insulin be taken orally?
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Somatic Hybridisation
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Nematode-resistant plant
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Recombinant DNA technology in medicine
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
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Viral vectors
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Genetic modification of crops
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Micropropagation
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Somatic Hybrid
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Why Bacterial Insulin is Important
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Why Can't Diabetics Take Insulin Orally?
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rDNA Technique for Insulin
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Transgenic Animals for Bio-product Production
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Transgenic Animals for Vaccine Safety Testing
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Transgenic Animal Models for Disease Research
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GEAC's Role in Genetic Modification
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Patenting Traditional Knowledge
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Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy
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What are Cry proteins?
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What is Basmati rice?
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What is patenting of traditional knowledge?
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What is biopiracy?
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Transgenic Models for Diseases
Transgenic Models for Diseases
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Transgenic Mice for Vaccine Safety
Transgenic Mice for Vaccine Safety
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Ethical Issues with GMOs
Ethical Issues with GMOs
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What was the first clinical gene therapy case?
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Why is early diagnosis essential for disease treatment?
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How do molecular diagnostics help in early diagnosis?
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What are transgenic animals and what are they used for?
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What are the ethical considerations in genetic modification?
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Bacterial Insulin Breakthrough
Bacterial Insulin Breakthrough
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What is abiotic stress tolerance in GM crops?
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What is pest resistance in GM crops?
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How do GM crops reduce post-harvest losses?
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What is efficient nutrient use in GM crops?
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How do GM crops have enhanced nutritional value?
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How do Bt toxins work in GM crops?
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How does Bt toxin become active?
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Nematode-specific gene
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Recombinant therapeutics
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Adult-onset diabetes
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Insulin
Insulin
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Gene Therapy: Viral Vectors
Gene Therapy: Viral Vectors
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What are Genetically Modified (GM) Crops?
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Why was animal insulin problematic?
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How is human insulin produced using rDNA technology?
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What is insulin and why is it essential?
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops?
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Cry proteins
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Transgenic bacteria
Transgenic bacteria
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How does biotechnology benefit agriculture?
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The Role of GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
The Role of GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)
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The Debate on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
The Debate on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
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Totipotency in plants
Totipotency in plants
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Genetically Modified Organism
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How are transgenic animals used in medical research?
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Why are transgenic animals important for biological product production?
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How are transgenic animals used in chemical safety testing?
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What are the ethical considerations for genetic modification?
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Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC)
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Somaclones
Somaclones
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What is Bt toxin and how does it work?
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What is tissue culture?
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What is somatic hybridization?
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What is genetic modification?
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What is Bt toxin?
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How are GM crops resistant to pests?
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What are the benefits of GM Crops?
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How do GM crops improve abiotic stress tolerance?
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What is Golden Rice?
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Pest-resistant plant
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Nematode infestation
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Bt Crops
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PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
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Genetic Modification (GM)
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Genetically Engineered Insulin
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RNAi as a Plant Protection Strategy
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What was the first clinical gene therapy?
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Bacterial Insulin
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Diabetes
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rDNA Technology
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Vaccine Safety Testing with Transgenic Animals
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Chemical Safety Testing with Transgenic Animals
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Green Revolution & Agrochemicals
Green Revolution & Agrochemicals
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Genetically Modified Crops
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Bt Toxin
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Bacterial insulin: a breakthrough
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What is a hormone?
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What is a disulfide bridge?
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Study Notes
Biotechnology Applications
- Biotechnology involves the industrial-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants, and animals.
- Applications include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production.
- Key research areas include providing improved catalysts (microbes or enzymes), creating optimal conditions for catalysts, and downstream processing for purification of proteins/compounds.
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
- Three options for increasing food production are agro-chemical based agriculture, organic agriculture, and genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
- Green Revolution tripled food supply but insufficient for growing population.
- Traditional breeding techniques are slow; tissue culture provides a fast and efficient alternative for crop improvement.
- Tissue culture involves growing whole plants from explants (plant parts) in a sterile nutrient medium. It's based on the concept of totipotency—cells retaining the potential to develop into whole organisms.
- Micropropagation uses tissue culture to produce thousands of genetically identical plants quickly.
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals with modified genes to enhance characteristics.
- GMO plants show improvements in tolerance to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, etc), reducing reliance on pesticides, improving post-harvest losses, increasing mineral usage efficiency, and enhanced nutritional value (e.g., golden rice).
- Genetically modified crops are created to have desirable traits, like pest resistance, to reduce pesticide use.
- Bt toxin, from Bacillus thuringiensis, acts as a biopesticide, producing proteins that kill specific insects, particularly in crops like cotton and corn. This is a bio-pesticide, derived from certain bacteria.
- Somatic hybridisation creates new hybrid plants by fusing protoplasts from different plant varieties. Examples include the pomato, combining tomato and potato characteristics. This is a method for plant breeding.
- Specific genes are isolated from bacteria like Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) into relevant crops to produce biopesticides.
- The process of RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to prevent pest infestations by silencing specific mRNA, rendering the parasite unable to survive in the transgenic host. Methods using Agrobacterium vectors increase nematode resistance in crops
- Examples of GM crops include Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato, and soybean.
- Several GM crops have improved nutritional value and are more resistant to specific stresses, leading to greater crop yields.
- Basmati rice is a globally recognised variety of rice with a distinctive aroma and flavour. Patent rights were granted for a "new" variety of Basmati rice developed from Indian farmer varieties by an American company, highlighting issues of traditional knowledge, intellectual property, equitable benefit-sharing, thereby promoting the concept of biopiracy.
- Traditional knowledge and practices associated with biological materials are valuable and require safeguarding and just compensation for any use.
- Biopiracy refers to the unauthorized use of biological resources from another country, including traditional knowledge associated with such resources, particularly raising concerns about the equitable benefit-sharing for biological resources.
- Concerns about the use of traditional knowledge and practices regarding biological resources are emphasized.
- Genetically-modified plants have increased crop yields, improved nutritional content, and reduced pesticide use by being genetically modified.
- Bio-pesticide, in the form of specific Bt toxins extracted from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, enhances pest control in relevant crops.
Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
- Recombinant DNA technology allows the mass production of safe and effective therapeutic drugs, avoiding unwanted immune responses seen in treatments created from non-human sources.
- Human insulin for diabetes can be produced by genetically modified bacteria, resulting in readily accessible insulin treatment.
- Transgenic animals are used to produce human proteins.
- Gene therapy attempts to correct genetic defects by introducing normal genes to compensate for faulty ones. Examples include correcting genetic defects to treat ADA deficiency.
- Early diagnosis is important for effective treatment and uses methods like PCR, ELISA, etc.
- Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized medicine, enabling mass production of safe and effective therapeutic drugs without the immunologic responses seen in non-human sources
- Gene therapy corrects genetic defects by introducing normal genes; correction through bone marrow transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy are some examples.
- About 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide, with 12 marketed in India.
Transgenic Animals
- Transgenic animals are those engineered to possess and express foreign genes.
- These animals are generated to understand normal physiology/development or study disease processes in humans, acting as models for human diseases.
- Transgenic animals are used in models for human diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's.
- Transgenic animals allow studying how genes regulate bodily functions.
- They model human disease, enabling the investigation of new treatments.
- Transgenic mice are used in vaccine safety testing, replacing the use of monkeys in some cases, to evaluate the safety of vaccines.
- Transgenic animals are increasingly used for the production of pharmaceuticals and other useful biological products.
Ethical Issues in Biotechnology
- Ethical standards for the manipulation of living organisms are crucial.
- Biopiracy—the unauthorized use of biological resources without proper authorization or fair compensation—raises ethical concerns, particularly concerning traditional knowledge and indigenous practices, highlighting the need for equitable benefit sharing.
- Governments have formed bodies like GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) to ensure the safety and proper use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
- Patenting of biological materials is increasingly debated, especially concerning traditional uses and indigenous knowledge.
- Issues of equitable benefit sharing, safeguarding of traditional knowledge, and ensuring due recognition of indigenous contributions are emphasized.
- Concerns about the use of traditional knowledge/processes without proper authorization are evident.
- The Indian government has a Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) to ensure safety and proper use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
- The Indian Patents Bill has undergone amendments to address issues around traditional knowledge, indigenous practices, and the use of biological resources.
- Ethical implications of biotechnology, including biopiracy (unauthorized use of biological resources) and concerns about patents on traditional knowledge need to be addressed.
- Safeguarding traditional knowledge associated with biological materials is crucial.
- Concerns about the potential for misuse & inequities in distribution of benefits and risks are prominent.
- Ethical considerations regarding the safety and potential risks associated with the use of GMOs and other biotechnologies are emphasized.
- Specific examples like rice, turmeric, neem, and other biological resources highlight the concept of biopiracy.
- Biopiracy involves unauthorized use of biological resources and traditional knowledge.
- Patent issues and equitable benefit sharing are integral parts and need to be addressed.
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