22 Questions
Biostatisticians are not in high demand in the job market.
False
The field of biostatistics is not growing rapidly.
False
Cohort studies are used to determine prevalence.
False
Modern biomedical technologies have created fewer challenges for biostatisticians.
False
Sample size is a consideration in study design.
True
Biostatisticians do not work at the interface of statistics with biomedicine.
False
Cohort studies measure events in reverse chronological order.
False
Statistics is not referred to as the grammar of science.
False
Cohort studies are used to determine the prevalence of a condition.
False
The incidence rate of HIV infection in the given population is 2.8% per year.
False
Cross-sectional studies are used to determine the incidence of a condition.
False
The incidence proportion is calculated by dividing the number of cases by the number of years.
False
Cohort studies can be prospective or retrospective.
True
Knowing the prevalence of a condition is not important for a clinician.
False
The prevalence of a disease is the number of new cases reported in a population over a certain period of time.
False
The formula for calculating prevalence is (number of affected people / total population) * 100.
True
In the given example, the prevalence of the disease is 10%.
False
Point prevalence measures the number of cases of a health event over a 12-month period.
False
Incidence is a measure of the number of existing cases of a disease in a population.
False
There are only two ways to calculate prevalence in epidemiology.
False
Incidence is a measure of the number of cases of a health event in reference to the total lifetime.
False
A stable number of new cases of a disease will lead to a decrease in prevalence over time.
False
Study Notes
Biostatistics and Study Design
- Biostatisticians work at the interface of statistics with biomedicine to solve important design and analysis questions.
- The field of biostatistics is growing rapidly, creating new challenges and opportunities, and biostatisticians are in high demand.
Importance of Statistics
- Statistics is the grammar of science (Karl Pearson).
- Statistics is essential for solving real-life scientific problems.
Study Design Objective
- The objective of a study is to determine the rational of the study, sample, and expected outcomes.
- Study design involves type of study, sample size, and power analysis.
Types of Study Design
- Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes, and prognosis.
- Cross-sectional studies are used to determine prevalence.
Incidence and Prevalence
- Prevalence looks at existing cases, while incidence looks at new cases.
- Prevalence can be calculated as a percentage using the formula: (number of cases / population size) x 100.
- Incidence can be calculated as a proportion or rate, such as cases per 1,000 person-years.
Prevalence Measures
- Point prevalence: The number of cases of a health event at a certain time.
- Period prevalence: The number of cases of a health event in a specific time period.
- Lifetime prevalence: The number of cases of a health event in reference to the total lifetime.
Cohort Studies
- Cohort studies are the best method for determining incidence and natural history of a condition.
- Cohort studies can be prospective or retrospective and may involve comparing two cohorts.
Cross-Sectional Studies
- Cross-sectional studies are primarily used to determine prevalence.
- Prevalence is important for clinicians because it influences the likelihood of a diagnosis and the predictive value of an investigation.
Learn about the role of biostatisticians in solving design and analysis questions in biomedical research, and the challenges posed by modern technologies generating large amounts of data.
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