CH 8 SUM: Biosphere to ecosystems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of oxygen in the atmosphere?

  • Used by plants during photosynthesis to produce oxygen
  • Facilitating breathing and cellular respiration (correct)
  • Influences weather patterns and climate
  • Essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms

    • Which gas is used by plants during photosynthesis to produce oxygen?

  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon Dioxide (correct)
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen

    • What is the function of nitrogen in the biosphere?

  • Part of the water molecule and various organic compounds
  • Essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms (correct)
  • Influences weather patterns and climate
  • Providing protection against harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays

    • Which component influences weather patterns and climate?

    <p>Water Vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the atmosphere crucial for stabilizing environmental conditions?

    <p>Facilitating breathing and cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of xerophytes?

    <p>They have features to minimize water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does wind affect ecosystems?

    <p>It affects precipitation patterns and seed dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do producers in ecosystems primarily do?

    <p>Produce their own food through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ecotourism according to ethics considerations?

    <p>Promoting environmental stewardship and conservation efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant economic benefit does ecotourism provide at a national level?

    <p>Generating revenue through park fees and taxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

    <p>Break down dead organic material and recycle nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level receives about 1% of the energy originally captured by the producers?

    <p>Primary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of autotrophs in an ecosystem?

    <p>Convert solar energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tertiary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Consume both primary and secondary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiographic factor directly influences an ecosystem's characteristics?

    <p>Aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the hydrosphere?

    <p>Rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the lithosphere?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the smallest hierarchical structure in the biosphere?

    <p>Organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes marine and freshwater biomes?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial biome?

    <p>Coral reefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by tall trees and a rich understory of plants?

    <p>Forest Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is found in regions with a warm climate and seasonal rainfall?

    <p>Savanna Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of consumer?

    <p>Decomposer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor is related to soil characteristics?

    <p>Edaphic Factors (Soil-related)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and rich biodiversity?

    <p>Fynbos Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level is most affected by energy loss in a food chain?

    <p>Tertiary Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the water cycle involves water returning to Earth in various forms?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient cycle involves the exchange of oxygen between the atmosphere and living organisms?

    <p>Oxygen Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if a hyena is removed from a food web?

    <p>There could be an increase in the population of certain primary and secondary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combined process of evaporation and transpiration in the water cycle?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the carbon cycle involves the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process involved in the nitrogen cycle that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is known for its remarkable biodiversity and cultural heritage, making it a focal point for both eco-tourism and historical tourism?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the planet's plant species does South Africa host despite covering a relatively small area?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the break down of nitrogenous materials back into ammonia?

    <p>Decomposition and Ammonification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a key process in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a process in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa?

    <p>The Kruger National Park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a benefit of ecotourism in South Africa?

    <p>Promoting deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Ignoring local customs and environmental regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes marine biomes from freshwater biomes?

    <p>Salinity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxygen in the atmosphere?

    <p>Facilitating breathing and cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is known as a biodiversity hotspot formed from coral skeletons?

    <p>Coral Reefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between estuaries and oceans in terms of water characteristics?

    <p>Salinity level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of hydrogen in the biosphere?

    <p>Part of various organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Earth sphere can be significantly impacted by deforestation?

    <p>Hydrosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Earth's elements, what is the primary role of mineral ions in the lithosphere?

    <p>Nutritional needs of plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the biosphere plays a key role in converting light energy into chemical energy?

    <p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbon dioxide in the biosphere?

    <p>Used by plants during photosynthesis to produce oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes xerophytes from hydrophytes?

    <p>Xerophytes have features to minimize water loss, while hydrophytes are aquatic plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ecotourism contribute to national income?

    <p>By generating revenue from local services and park fees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of ethics in ecotourism emphasizes respect for local cultures and traditions?

    <p>Fostering respect for local cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autotrophs in ecosystems?

    <p>Produce their own food through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do wind patterns impact ecosystems?

    <p>Affect precipitation patterns and seed dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Converting sunlight into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level is at the top of the food pyramid?

    <p>Quaternary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the oxygen cycle involve?

    <p>Release of energy from nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during transpiration in the water cycle?

    <p>Plants losing water from their surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are food webs considered more stable than food chains?

    <p>Food webs show intricate feeding relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by low-growing plants and minimal precipitation?

    <p>Tundra Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumer is known for actively hunting and killing its prey?

    <p>Predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and rich biodiversity?

    <p>Fynbos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor is related to the physical layout of the environment?

    <p>Physiographic Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is dominated by grasses with sparse tree coverage?

    <p>Grassland Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level receives about 0.1% of the energy initially fixed by the producers?

    <p>Tertiary Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by tall trees and a rich understory of plants?

    <p>Tropical Rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Disrespecting local cultures and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiographic factor directly influences an ecosystem's characteristics?

    <p>Aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if a hyena is removed from a food web?

    <p>The population of herbivores would increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial element for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates?

    <p>Nitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key impact of ecotourism on national economies?

    <p>Boosted local economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is known as one of the most biodiverse areas hosting 10% of the planet's plant species?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of national parks and protected areas in South Africa?

    <p>Preserve natural habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to educate oneself about local customs and environmental regulations before visiting South Africa?

    <p>To minimize environmental and cultural impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves decomposing organisms breaking down nitrogenous materials back into ammonia?

    <p>Ammonification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to South Africa being recognized as one of the 18 mega diverse countries?

    <p><strong>High biodiversity</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which biome is the globally unique fynbos found?

    <p>South African</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the carbon cycle involves the release of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Ignoring local customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ecotourism in South Africa?

    <p>Damaging the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of ammonia to nitrates?

    <p>Nitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial biome?

    <p>Marine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key process in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Ignoring cultural heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ecotourism in South Africa?

    <p>Damaging historical sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT directly involved in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes in the nitrogen cycle is facilitated by lightning?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ecotourism in South Africa?

    <p>Increasing soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa?

    <p>The Kruger National Park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Leaving waste in natural habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is crucial for the nitrogen cycle but NOT for the carbon cycle?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way ecotourism contributes to community development in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing access to services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a process that releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Ignoring local customs and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT part of the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Stabilizing environmental conditions for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the biosphere is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy?

    <p>Biosphere itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is NOT a primary component of the Earth's atmosphere vital for life processes?

    <p>Sulfur Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nitrogen in the biosphere?

    <p>Essential for protein synthesis in organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphere interacts with both the atmosphere and hydrosphere to maintain life on Earth?

    <p>Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by low biodiversity, cold temperatures, and minimal precipitation?

    <p>Tundra Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of the Fynbos biome in South Africa?

    <p>Rich biodiversity and endemic species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consumer type actively hunts and kills its prey?

    <p>Tertiary Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation allows xerophytes to thrive in arid environments?

    <p>Thick cuticles to reduce water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome occurs in regions with a warm climate and seasonal rainfall, supporting a diverse array of wildlife including large mammals?

    <p>Savanna Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To break down dead organic material and recycle nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does energy flow in an ecosystem affect trophic levels?

    <p>It decreases as it moves up the trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level receives about 1% of the energy originally captured by the producers?

    <p>Secondary Consumers (Carnivores and Omnivores)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of autotrophs in an ecosystem?

    <p>They convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary consumers and tertiary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Tertiary consumers consume both plants and animals, while primary consumers only consume plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome, found in South Africa, is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and supports a large number of endemic species?

    <p>Fynbos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terrestrial biomes is characterized by low-growing plants and limited precipitation?

    <p>Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the lithosphere?

    <p>Rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant impact of deforestation on the biosphere?

    <p>Increased soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way in which ecotourism contributes to community development in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing local biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a process in the water cycle?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level in the food pyramid experiences the greatest energy loss?

    <p>Tertiary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process below is NOT a part of the oxygen cycle?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and rich biodiversity?

    <p>Fynbos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ecotourism in South Africa?

    <p>Exploitation of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism that aquatic plants (hydrophytes) have adapted to thrive in water-rich environments?

    <p>Maximizing water retention through specialized roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric gas is essential for photosynthesis, respiration, and maintaining the Earth's temperature through the greenhouse effect?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common strategy employed by animals to conserve water in arid environments?

    <p>Maximizing water retention through specialized roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrient cycles involves the exchange of oxygen between the atmosphere and living organisms, but does NOT include a process facilitated by lightning?

    <p>Oxygen cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant economic benefit of ecotourism that contributes to national income, but is NOT a direct benefit for local communities?

    <p>Generating revenue through park fees and taxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Combustion in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of ammonia to nitrates?

    <p>Nitrification and Denitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Absorption in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Absorbing ammonia and nitrates from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Photosynthesis, what is the main outcome of converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules?

    <p>Production of oxygen and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in the formation of carbonates in ocean sediments as part of the carbon cycle?

    <p><strong>Precipitation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes South Africa as one of the 18 mega diverse countries?

    <p>Hosting 10% of the planet's plant species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrification and Denitrification are processes in the nitrogen cycle that involve the conversion of:

    <p><strong>Ammonia to nitrates</strong> and then <strong>nitrates back to nitrogen gas</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecotourism in South Africa has a significant economic impact by:

    <p><strong>Bringing in an estimated R62 billion annually</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responsible Ecotourism Practices aim to minimize environmental impact by:

    <p><strong>Educating oneself about local customs</strong> and environmental regulations prior to visiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrogen Fixation, a key process in the nitrogen cycle, involves converting:

    <p><strong>Atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates</strong> facilitated by bacteria or environmental phenomena like lightning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of xerophytes that enables them to survive in arid environments?

    <p>Extensive root systems to retain water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrophytes differ from xerophytes in terms of adaptation to their respective environments?

    <p>Hydrophytes have adaptations for thriving in water-rich environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of animal adaptations mentioned in the text that aids in water conservation?

    <p>Regulation of body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ecosystems, what do food chains and webs primarily illustrate?

    <p>Energy transfer and complex interdependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental purpose of ecotourism as described in the text?

    <p>Conserving the environment and benefiting local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between secondary consumers and tertiary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Secondary consumers eat herbivores, while tertiary consumers eat other carnivores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autotrophs in an ecosystem?

    <p>To convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms close the loop in an ecosystem by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the environment?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do secondary consumers receive approximately from the energy originally captured by producers?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy flow in an ecosystem represented?

    <p>Through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the water cycle, what process involves water vapor cooling and returning to liquid form?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level experiences the most significant energy loss in a food pyramid?

    <p>Tertiary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key exchange of gas involved in the oxygen cycle?

    <p>Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pyramid represents the total mass of living material at each trophic level?

    <p>Pyramid of Biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is NOT a primary component of the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Carbon Monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is directly facilitated by the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role played by the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Supporting the growth of aquatic plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is NOT essential for protein synthesis in living organisms?

    <p>Water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Maintaining the planet's magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes to the release of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does combustion impact the carbon cycle?

    <p>It converts organic materials and fossil fuels into carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of precipitation in the carbon cycle?

    <p>It precipitates carbon dioxide as carbonates in ocean sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of nutrient cycles, what is a key function of metabolism and cellular respiration?

    <p>Breaking down nutrients containing carbon and releasing carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ecotourism contribute to community development in South Africa?

    <p>By creating job opportunities and improving infrastructure in remote areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of ecotourism on national economies?

    <p>Boosting the economy by bringing in billions of Rands annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key motivation behind establishing national parks and protected areas in South Africa?

    <p>To minimize human impact and preserve natural habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of responsible ecotourism practices in South Africa?

    <p>Educating oneself about local customs and environmental regulations before visiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by significant temperature variations between seasons and is dominated by grasses with sparse tree coverage?

    <p>Grassland Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by low biodiversity, with flora limited to low-growing plants and fauna including migratory birds and mammals like reindeer?

    <p>Tundra Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and rich biodiversity?

    <p>Fynbos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are responsible for breaking down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil, and playing a pivotal role in nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate, rich biodiversity, and endemic species, particularly adapted to fire and nutrient-poor soils?

    <p>Fynbos Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is known as a biodiversity hotspot formed from coral skeletons?

    <p>Coral Reefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer in an ecosystem?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tertiary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To maintain population levels of secondary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor directly influences an ecosystem's characteristics by affecting things like slope and altitude?

    <p>Physiographic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for energy loss as it flows through trophic levels in an ecosystem?

    <p>Metabolic processes of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of studying physiographic factors in an ecosystem?

    <p>Assessing the physical layout's impact on water flow and erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level is characterized by occupying the largest base of the food pyramid due to high energy content?

    <p>Producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pyramid represents the total mass of living material at each trophic level?

    <p>Pyramid of Biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key process in the water cycle involves water vaporizing mainly from the oceans and bodies of freshwater?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the oxygen cycle, which process involves plants absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary impact of removing a top predator like a hyena from an ecosystem?

    <p>Imbalance in certain consumer populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrophytes differ from xerophytes in terms of adaptation?

    <p>Hydrophytes have mechanisms to maximize water retention, while xerophytes have features that minimize water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role does wind play in ecosystems?

    <p>Affects precipitation patterns and dispersal of seeds and pollen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers (autotrophs) in an ecosystem?

    <p>Produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the concept of ecotourism from conventional tourism?

    <p>Emphasizes visitor education and responsible travel practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding ecosystems essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance?

    <p>To grasp the interconnectedness of life forms with their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere plays a role in weather patterns and climate regulation?

    <p>Water Vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is primarily used by plants during photosynthesis to produce oxygen?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is a part of various organic compounds and the water molecule?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere supports cellular respiration and breathing?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by living organisms?

    <p>Nitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does precipitation play in the carbon cycle?

    <p>Precipitating carbonates in ocean sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ecotourism practices in South Africa contribute to community development?

    <p>By creating employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes South Africa as one of the 18 mega diverse countries?

    <p>Its hosting of 10% of the world's plant species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ecotourism, what is the significance of the Fynbos biome in South Africa?

    <p>It supports a wide array of plant species and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of 'Ecotourism' in South Africa?

    <p>Bringing in significant economic benefits while supporting conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomes has a high salt concentration and supports diverse ecosystems?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineral ions in the lithosphere?

    <p>To serve as a crucial source of nutrients for terrestrial life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by significant temperature variations between seasons and is dominated by grasses with sparse tree coverage?

    <p>Temperate Grassland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>To regulate the Earth's temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is directly facilitated by the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terrestrial biome is characterized by a Mediterranean climate and is noted for its rich biodiversity and endemic species, particularly adapted to fire and nutrient-poor soils?

    <p>Fynbos Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of consumer is known for actively hunting and killing its prey, and is found at the top of the food pyramid?

    <p>Tertiary Consumer (Top Predator)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor significantly affects the types of vegetation and animal life that can thrive in an area?

    <p>Edaphic Factors (Soil-related)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terrestrial biome is dominated by grasses with sparse tree coverage and supports various herbivores and carnivores?

    <p>Grassland Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of ammonia to nitrates?

    <p>Nitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nitrogen in the biosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen is vital for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mega diverse country that hosts 10% of the planet's plant species?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Ignoring local customs and environmental regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which UNESCO World Heritage Site is NOT located in South Africa?

    <p>The Great Barrier Reef.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient cycle involves the break down of nitrogenous materials back into ammonia?

    <p>Decomposition and Ammonification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the nitrogen cycle involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates?

    <p>Nitrogen Fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the atmosphere in the biosphere?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the carbon cycle involves the release of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biome that is characterized by tall trees and a rich understory of plants?

    <p>Tundra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the lithosphere?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hydrogen in the atmosphere?

    <p>Facilitating cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of the lithosphere in maintaining life on Earth?

    <p>Supporting plant growth through soil nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the atmosphere contribute to stabilizing environmental conditions on Earth?

    <p>By absorbing harmful UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the hydrosphere interact with the biosphere to support life?

    <p>By providing water essential for metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome would you expect to find low-growing plants and migratory birds?

    <p>Tundra Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which South African biome would you find vegetation specifically adapted to fire and nutrient-poor soils?

    <p>Fynbos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor significantly influences the types of vegetation and animal life that can thrive in an area?

    <p>Humus content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of nutrient ions that are essential for the nutritional needs of plants and animals in the lithosphere?

    <p>Mineral ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consumer category do humans and pigs fall into based on their diet?

    <p>Omnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome would you expect to have sparse vegetation with adaptations to conserve water?

    <p>Desert Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by being permanently or seasonally saturated with water and serves as essential biodiversity reservoirs?

    <p>Wetlands biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of aquatic biomes, which feature contributes significantly to the high productivity of estuaries?

    <p>Mixing of freshwater and ocean saltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Earth sphere is primarily influenced by deforestation, leading to increased soil erosion and altered climate patterns?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that distinguishes marine biomes from freshwater biomes?

    <p>Salinity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To produce their own food through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrophytes differ from xerophytes in terms of adaptation to their respective environments?

    <p>Hydrophytes minimize water loss more than xerophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiographic factor directly influences an ecosystem's characteristics?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ecosystems, what do food chains and webs primarily illustrate?

    <p>Energy Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of transpiration in the water cycle?

    <p>To release atmospheric moisture into the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level typically experiences the most significant energy loss in a food pyramid?

    <p>Primary Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of primary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To transfer energy from plants to herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level is least in number within a food pyramid?

    <p>Tertiary Consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a food web from a food chain in an ecosystem?

    <p>Food chains depict multiple food sources for organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy flow within an ecosystem, which trophic level receives approximately 0.1% of the energy initially fixed by the producers?

    <p>Tertiary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiographic factor directly influences an ecosystem's characteristics by affecting water flow, erosion, and plant distribution?

    <p>Physiographic survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic component of the ecosystem is responsible for breaking down dead organic material and returning essential nutrients to the environment?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is characterized by significant temperature variations between seasons and is dominated by grasses with sparse tree coverage?

    <p>Temperate grassland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of investigative studies in ecosystems, which process involves testing soil texture and pH to determine suitable plant types?

    <p>Soil analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key process in the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for energy loss as it flows through trophic levels in an ecosystem?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant impact of deforestation on the biosphere?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if a hyena is removed from a food web?

    <p>An increase in the population of its prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsible tourism practice in South Africa?

    <p>Feeding wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To recycle nutrients back into the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT essential for protein synthesis in living organisms?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tertiary consumers in an ecosystem?

    <p>To control the population of primary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trophic level in the food pyramid experiences the greatest energy loss?

    <p>Tertiary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes marine and freshwater biomes?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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