BIOS 3300 Protists and Eukarya Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the common ancestor of protists classified as?

  • Eukaryotes (correct)
  • Bacteria
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Archaea

Which group does the taxon Sarcopterygii belong to?

  • Echinoderms
  • Deuterostomes (correct)
  • Protostomes
  • Cnidarians

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of Vertebrates?

  • Actinopterygii
  • Amniota
  • Tetrapoda
  • Echinoderms (correct)

Which class includes organisms such as Homo sapiens and Chimpanzees?

<p>Mammalia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clade includes both Crocodylia and Aves?

<p>Reptilia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is classified as a protist within the Tree of Life?

<p>Green Algae-Chorophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the group Angiosperms?

<p>They have seeds enclosed within a fruit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group includes the organisms known as Lamprey and Hagfish?

<p>Vertebrata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the relationship between green plants and green algae?

<p>Both green plants and green algae share a common ancestor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of vertebrates, which group is directly related to Amniota?

<p>Mammalia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups does NOT fall under the category of bilaterians?

<p>Cnidarians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category within the protists as depicted in the Tree of Life?

<p>Rhizaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between vertebrates and deuterostomes?

<p>All vertebrates are also deuterostomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes is incorrectly paired with its group within the vertebrates?

<p>Actinopterygii - Jawless fishes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clade does the group 'Great Apes' belong to?

<p>Mammalia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Archaeal organisms in the Tree of Life?

<p>They possess unique membrane lipids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a member of the 'Opisthokonts' group?

<p>Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Protists and Eukarya

  • Protists are classified under the domain Eukarya, which signifies complex cellular structure.
  • The common ancestor of all protists can be traced back to early eukaryotes.

Tree of Life Overview

  • The tree of life segments into various clades, illustrating evolutionary relationships.
  • Vertebrates are part of the broader category of Deuterostomes, characterized by their embryonic development.
  • Within animals, Opisthokonts include groups such as fungi and certain protists.

Vertebrate Evolution

  • Sarcopterygii are lobe-finned fishes leading to the evolution of Tetrapoda, which includes four-limbed animals.
  • Amniota refers to a group capable of laying eggs on land, further divided into:
    • Reptilia: Includes birds (Aves), crocodilians (Crocodylia), turtles (Testudines), and lizards/snakes.
    • Great Apes: Encompasses modern humans (Homo sapiens), chimpanzees, and the duck-billed platypus.
  • Mammalia branches from Tetrapoda, leading to various classes including amphibians and lungfish.

Diverse Groupings

  • Protostomes include diverse organisms like echinoderms, octopuses, and sponges.
  • Fungi and various Protists are incorporated into the broader animal tree.

Plants and Algae

  • Angiosperms (flowering plants) and Gymnosperms (naked-seed plants) evolved from earlier plant lineages.
  • Green plants date back to green algae, divided into Stoneworts and Chlorophytes.
  • Other algal groups include red algae and several protist categories, including Rhizaria and Discoba.

Bacteria and Archaea

  • Archaea are subdivided into categories like Asgard and DPANN, highlighting their genetic diversity.
  • Proteobacteria, a major phylum in bacteria, includes cyanobacteria, the oxygen-producing bacteria crucial for life on Earth.

Key Taxonomic Relationships

  • Knowledge of taxonomic relationships helps understand the evolutionary history and classifications of various life forms.
  • The tree illustrates layers of evolutionary development, emphasizing the complexity and interconnections of terrestrial and marine life.

Protists and Eukarya

  • Protists are classified under the domain Eukarya, which signifies complex cellular structure.
  • The common ancestor of all protists can be traced back to early eukaryotes.

Tree of Life Overview

  • The tree of life segments into various clades, illustrating evolutionary relationships.
  • Vertebrates are part of the broader category of Deuterostomes, characterized by their embryonic development.
  • Within animals, Opisthokonts include groups such as fungi and certain protists.

Vertebrate Evolution

  • Sarcopterygii are lobe-finned fishes leading to the evolution of Tetrapoda, which includes four-limbed animals.
  • Amniota refers to a group capable of laying eggs on land, further divided into:
    • Reptilia: Includes birds (Aves), crocodilians (Crocodylia), turtles (Testudines), and lizards/snakes.
    • Great Apes: Encompasses modern humans (Homo sapiens), chimpanzees, and the duck-billed platypus.
  • Mammalia branches from Tetrapoda, leading to various classes including amphibians and lungfish.

Diverse Groupings

  • Protostomes include diverse organisms like echinoderms, octopuses, and sponges.
  • Fungi and various Protists are incorporated into the broader animal tree.

Plants and Algae

  • Angiosperms (flowering plants) and Gymnosperms (naked-seed plants) evolved from earlier plant lineages.
  • Green plants date back to green algae, divided into Stoneworts and Chlorophytes.
  • Other algal groups include red algae and several protist categories, including Rhizaria and Discoba.

Bacteria and Archaea

  • Archaea are subdivided into categories like Asgard and DPANN, highlighting their genetic diversity.
  • Proteobacteria, a major phylum in bacteria, includes cyanobacteria, the oxygen-producing bacteria crucial for life on Earth.

Key Taxonomic Relationships

  • Knowledge of taxonomic relationships helps understand the evolutionary history and classifications of various life forms.
  • The tree illustrates layers of evolutionary development, emphasizing the complexity and interconnections of terrestrial and marine life.

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