Podcast
Questions and Answers
Photobioreactors are used to grow small phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae, or ______.
Photobioreactors are used to grow small phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae, or ______.
moss
These organisms use light through ______ as their energy source.
These organisms use light through ______ as their energy source.
photosynthesis
In conventional sewage treatment, bioreactors are utilized to undertake the main purification processes in ______.
In conventional sewage treatment, bioreactors are utilized to undertake the main purification processes in ______.
sewage
The separation of excess biological film takes place in settling tanks or ______.
The separation of excess biological film takes place in settling tanks or ______.
Signup and view all the answers
An extremely simple version of a sewage bioreactor is a ______ tank.
An extremely simple version of a sewage bioreactor is a ______ tank.
Signup and view all the answers
Many research groups have developed novel bioreactors for growing specialized ______ and cells.
Many research groups have developed novel bioreactors for growing specialized ______ and cells.
Signup and view all the answers
Currently, scaling production of specialized bioreactors for ______ use remains challenging.
Currently, scaling production of specialized bioreactors for ______ use remains challenging.
Signup and view all the answers
A biosafety cabinet is also known as a biological safety ______.
A biosafety cabinet is also known as a biological safety ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The acronym for biosafety cabinet is ______.
The acronym for biosafety cabinet is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Biosafety cabinets are primarily used for ______ protection.
Biosafety cabinets are primarily used for ______ protection.
Signup and view all the answers
All exhaust air from a biosafety cabinet is ______-filtered.
All exhaust air from a biosafety cabinet is ______-filtered.
Signup and view all the answers
A ______ sequencer is used to automate the DNA sequencing process.
A ______ sequencer is used to automate the DNA sequencing process.
Signup and view all the answers
The four bases in DNA are G, C, A, and ______.
The four bases in DNA are G, C, A, and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The Sanger sequencing method was developed in ______.
The Sanger sequencing method was developed in ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Most models of biosafety cabinets aim to maintain the sterility of materials inside the ______.
Most models of biosafety cabinets aim to maintain the sterility of materials inside the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Biosafety cabinets differ from laminar flow clean benches in that they provide ______ protection.
Biosafety cabinets differ from laminar flow clean benches in that they provide ______ protection.
Signup and view all the answers
A cleanroom maintains a very low concentration of airborne ______.
A cleanroom maintains a very low concentration of airborne ______.
Signup and view all the answers
In US climates, a typical fume hood uses 3.5 times as much energy as a ______.
In US climates, a typical fume hood uses 3.5 times as much energy as a ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Cleanrooms are commonly used in scientific research and ______ production.
Cleanrooms are commonly used in scientific research and ______ production.
Signup and view all the answers
In a cleanroom, outside air is filtered and cooled by outdoor air ______.
In a cleanroom, outside air is filtered and cooled by outdoor air ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary aim of a cleanroom can be to prevent hazardous materials from ______.
The primary aim of a cleanroom can be to prevent hazardous materials from ______.
Signup and view all the answers
An enclosed glovebox completely isolates the operator from all direct physical contact with the work material and tools, especially when handling ______ materials.
An enclosed glovebox completely isolates the operator from all direct physical contact with the work material and tools, especially when handling ______ materials.
Signup and view all the answers
Most fume hoods are fitted with a mains-powered control ______.
Most fume hoods are fitted with a mains-powered control ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The front of a glovebox generally consists of a sash window that can move up and down on a ______ mechanism.
The front of a glovebox generally consists of a sash window that can move up and down on a ______ mechanism.
Signup and view all the answers
Recirculation of lab air is not permitted; instead, air handling units serving the non-laboratory areas are kept ______ from the laboratory units.
Recirculation of lab air is not permitted; instead, air handling units serving the non-laboratory areas are kept ______ from the laboratory units.
Signup and view all the answers
To improve indoor air quality, some laboratories utilize single-pass air handling ______ systems.
To improve indoor air quality, some laboratories utilize single-pass air handling ______ systems.
Signup and view all the answers
A 'high sash' alarm is caused by the sliding glass being raised higher than is considered ______.
A 'high sash' alarm is caused by the sliding glass being raised higher than is considered ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Many labs have fume hoods that draw conditioned air from the lab space and disperse it into the outside ______.
Many labs have fume hoods that draw conditioned air from the lab space and disperse it into the outside ______.
Signup and view all the answers
To minimize energy and running costs, laboratories continue to use return air systems to the laboratory areas while still providing adequate ______ rates.
To minimize energy and running costs, laboratories continue to use return air systems to the laboratory areas while still providing adequate ______ rates.
Signup and view all the answers
Variable air volume (VAV) systems are employed to reduce the volume of the air ______ as the fume hood sash is closed.
Variable air volume (VAV) systems are employed to reduce the volume of the air ______ as the fume hood sash is closed.
Signup and view all the answers
Ducted fume hoods exist to draw heated or cooled air from the lab space into the fume hood and then disperse it via ______ into the outside atmosphere.
Ducted fume hoods exist to draw heated or cooled air from the lab space into the fume hood and then disperse it via ______ into the outside atmosphere.
Signup and view all the answers
A fume hood is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or toxic ______, vapors or dusts.
A fume hood is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or toxic ______, vapors or dusts.
Signup and view all the answers
The two main types of fume hoods are ducted and ______.
The two main types of fume hoods are ducted and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fume hoods help protect the user from inhaling toxic ______.
Fume hoods help protect the user from inhaling toxic ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A common modern fume hood encloses ______ sides of a work area.
A common modern fume hood encloses ______ sides of a work area.
Signup and view all the answers
The principle of fume hoods is that air is drawn in from the front ______ side of the cabinet.
The principle of fume hoods is that air is drawn in from the front ______ side of the cabinet.
Signup and view all the answers
Fume hoods can also protect the ______ or experiment from contamination.
Fume hoods can also protect the ______ or experiment from contamination.
Signup and view all the answers
Secondary functions of fume hoods may include explosion protection and spill ______.
Secondary functions of fume hoods may include explosion protection and spill ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fume hoods are often fitted with infills above to cover up the exhaust ______.
Fume hoods are often fitted with infills above to cover up the exhaust ______.
Signup and view all the answers
DNA sequencers can be used in the genotyping of genetic ______ where only the length needs to be determined.
DNA sequencers can be used in the genotyping of genetic ______ where only the length needs to be determined.
Signup and view all the answers
Comparing data quality and cost across different sequencing ______ can be a daunting task.
Comparing data quality and cost across different sequencing ______ can be a daunting task.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bioreactors
- Bioreactors are manufactured devices supporting biologically active environments.
- They can be vessels for chemical processes involving organisms or biochemically active substances.
- Processes can be aerobic or anaerobic.
- Bioreactors are typically cylindrical, ranging from liters to cubic meters.
- They're commonly made of stainless steel.
- Can also refer to devices for growing cells or tissues in cell culture (e.g., tissue engineering, biochemical/bioprocess engineering).
- Classified as batch, fed-batch, or continuous (e.g., continuous stirred-tank reactor, chemostat) based on operation mode.
- Bioreactors can support submerged cultures (organisms suspended in liquid) or immobilized cultures (organisms anchored to a solid medium).
Continuous Stirred-Tank Bioreactor
- A continuous bioreactor type.
- Organisms/substances are commonly in a liquid medium.
- Organisms can be suspended or immobilized; immobilization requires no specialized attachment surfaces.
- Continuous operation allows for larger scale operation than immobilized cultures.
- Organisms are removed from the reactor continuously.
Bioreactor Design
- A complex engineering task.
- Environmental conditions (temperature, nutrient concentration, pH, dissolved gases, e.g., oxygen for aerobic fermentations) affect organism growth and productivity.
- Maintaining optimal temperature may require cooling jackets, coils or external heat exchangers.
- Nutrients may be added continuously (fed-batch) or charged at the start of fermentation.
- pH is adjusted based on process needs.
- Oxygen addition often required for aerobic fermentations; oxygen is difficult to add due to low solubility in water, leading to pressurized systems (e.g., for increasing solubility).
- Cleaning is important to prevent fouling.
Photobioreactors (PBRs)
- Incorporate light sources (natural or artificial).
- Used for growing phototrophic microorganisms (e.g., cyanobacteria, algae, moss plants).
- Photosynthesis is the primary energy source.
- Generally, less risk of contamination from heterotrophic organisms compared to other bioreactors.
Sewage Treatment
- Bioreactors are vital for purifying sewage.
- In some systems, chemically inert mediums provide substrates for biological film growth.
- Excess biological film is separated, usually in settling tanks.
Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs)
- Enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspaces for safe handling of materials, especially if contaminated with pathogens.
- Different types, varying in biocontainment.
- Primarily protect the user and environment by HEPA-filtering exhaust air, removing harmful bacteria and viruses.
- Secondary functions may include preventing spills, explosion protection.
DNA Sequencers
- Scientific instruments for automating DNA sequencing.
- Determine the order of DNA bases (G, C, A, T).
- Often utilize optical instruments (detecting signals from fluorochromes attached to nucleotides).
- The Sanger sequencing method, which formed the basis of the first generation of DNA sequencers, was used in the human genome project.
Fume Hoods
- Local ventilation devices limiting exposure to hazardous gases, vapors, and dusts.
- Two main types: ducted (exhausts gas outside the facility) and recirculating (filters air).
- Contain a sash window to control air flow.
- Control panels regulate various functions including internal lighting, air flow warnings, and fan control.
Standard Glove Boxes
- Used for hazardous materials, isolating the user, maintaining negative pressure (or controlled pressure) to prevent leaks.
Cleanrooms
- Engineered spaces with low concentrations of airborne particulates, for e.g. semiconductors, scientific research.
- Controlled humidity and temperature.
- Filtered air using HEPA and ULPA filters.
- Carefully chosen materials to minimize airborne particle generation.
Personnel Contamination of Cleanrooms
- Users are the primary source of contamination in cleanroom environments
- Controlling microbial contamination is crucial.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge about bioreactors, their types, and applications! This quiz covers aspects such as continuous stirred-tank bioreactors, operation modes, and culture types in bioprocessing. Perfect for students in biochemical engineering or related fields.
