Bioproduction Simulation and Cost Analysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of entomopathogenic fungi in integrated pest management (IPM)?

Entomopathogenic fungi are employed as biocontrol agents to reduce pest populations and minimize damages in different agro-ecosystems.

What factors influence the use of fungi in the control of agriculturally harmful pests?

The ability to produce high concentrations of stable propagules at a reasonable cost is a key factor, along with the industrial production systems using a biphasic method.

What are the advantages of the biphasic fungal production system?

Advantages include acting as a barrier against contaminants, promoting increased competitiveness of the fungus, reducing the risk of solid substrate colonization by contaminating microorganisms, and ensuring uniform colonization of the solid substrate.

How does the industrial production system for entomopathogenic fungi typically operate?

The industrial production system often uses a biphasic method, where the fungal inoculant is first produced in liquid culture and then transferred to solid substrates to increase conidial production. Signup and view all the answers

What statistical analysis method was used in the study?

The Estat Program was used for statistical analyses with a completely randomized design and four replicates per treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What were the factors altered in the study?

Raw material parameter was the only factor altered as the best media combinations for biphasic culture were used. Signup and view all the answers

Which biphasic culture combination resulted in significantly lower conidia production from sugar cane molasses?

Molasses with course-ground wheat and lentils resulted in significantly lower conidia production. Signup and view all the answers

What solid medium provided the best yield for JAB 45 isolate?

The solid medium prepared from course-ground wheat and lentils provided the best yield, regardless of the liquid medium used as inoculant. Signup and view all the answers

In the study, which combination of cheese whey-based media and additives yielded the lowest conidia production, viability, and yield for Lecanicillium lecanii JAB 45 isolate?

The combination of cheese whey and wheat bran yielded the lowest conidia production, viability, and yield (7.66 x 10^8 g^{-1} substrate). Signup and view all the answers

What combination of additives resulted in the highest conidia production, viability, and yield for Lecanicillium lecanii JAB 45 isolate, and can you provide an example of the conidia production for a specific combination?

Milhocina (4.0%) and cassava press water (100%) in combination with wheat bran gave the highest conidia production, viability, and yield. For example, 3.26 x 10^9 conidia per gram of substrate for cassava press water and wheat bran + course-ground wheat. Signup and view all the answers

What did the F test show regarding the conidia production, viability, and yield among the various biphasic combinations?

The F test showed significant differences in conidia production, viability, and yield among the various biphasic combinations (p < 0.05). Signup and view all the answers

According to the economic analysis, which combination had the lowest operational costs and provided the highest conidia yield per gram of substrate?

The economic analysis showed that the wheat bran and wheat grain (70:30%) combination had the lowest operational costs and provided the highest conidia yield per gram of substrate, making it the most cost-effective choice. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the potential of cheese whey as a substrate for fungal production in the biphasic system and its environmental significance.

Cheese whey has been found to be a promising substrate for fungal production in the biphasic system, leading to increased sporulation for certain fungi. This is significant environmentally as it provides a potential use for a waste pollutant from the cheese production industry. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the findings regarding the use of liquid media made with soy flour and dextrose in combination with solid media for the production of Hirsutella thompsonii and H. nodulosa isolates.

The combination of liquid media made with soy flour and dextrose and solid media with a broken corn, rice, barley, sorghum, oats, and coconut fiber base was evaluated for the production of Hirsutella thompsonii and H. nodulosa isolates. The biphasic method was found to increase sporulation of both fungi, indicating its potential for promoting fungus production. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the diversity of fungi and substrates used in the various studies regarding the biphasic culture system and its impact on result comparison.

The fungi and substrates used in the various studies regarding the biphasic culture system are very diverse, making a comparison of the results difficult. However, an increase in the production of conidia using a biphasic system was noted and verified as a suitable method for promoting fungus production. Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate the potential of the biphasic culture system for promoting entomopathogen production based on the results discussed in the text.

The results indicate that the biphasic culture system shows promise for promoting entomopathogen production, with increased sporulation of fungi noted. This suggests the potential for further research aiming to maximize the production of entomopathogens using a biphasic culture system. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of collecting and determining the number and viability of conidia after the 15-day incubation period.

After the 15-day dark incubation at 25°C, conidia were collected and their number and viability were determined using a Neubauer chamber. The conidia were collected from the solid residue, and the number and viability were determined by microscopic examination using the Neubauer chamber. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the preparation of the liquid media for the biphasic culture system.

The liquid media for the biphasic culture system were prepared by diluting the substrate in distilled water and adding 1% dextrose. The pH was adjusted to 6.5, and 250 mg L^{-1} chloramphenicol was added to prevent bacterial contamination. Signup and view all the answers

What were the best liquid media for producing JAB 02 and JAB 45 isolates, and what were the components of these media?

The best liquid media for producing JAB 02 and JAB 45 were a mixture of cassava press water, sugar cane molasses, Milhocina, and cheese whey, and a mixture of cassava press water, Milhocina, and cheese whey, respectively. Signup and view all the answers

How was the production cost analysis performed?

The production cost analysis was performed based on the experimental results. It likely involved evaluating the expenses associated with the production process, including the cost of substrates, labor, equipment, and any other relevant factors, to determine the overall cost of producing the entomopathogenic fungus isolates. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

A study simulated the production of 50 kg/day-1 of a not formulated product using a small-scale biofactory and JAB 45 isolate of L. lecanii.
The production cost structure was based on operational costs proposed by Matsunaga et al. and used by the Instituto de Economia Agrícola in São Paulo, Brazil.
Raw material parameter was the only factor altered as the best media combinations for biphasic culture were used.
Liquid media were not included in the analysis due to being considered agroindustrial residues and used in small amounts compared to solid media.
The Estat Program was used for statistical analyses with a completely randomized design and four replicates per treatment.
For JAB 02 isolate, biphasic culture combinations using liquid media based on cassava press water resulted in higher conidia production, with the wheat bran and lentils combination producing 2.5 times more than conventional production.
Conidia viability from sugar cane molasses with solid medium of course-ground wheat and sorghum was significantly lower than with cheese whey and cassava press water, but both methods were fully satisfactory.
Process yield was similar for all combinations evaluated for JAB 02 isolate, except for molasses with course-ground wheat and lentils.
For JAB 45 isolate, some biphasic culture combinations increased conidia production by up to 109 g-1, with the best results coming from combinations with cheese whey and wheat bran.
The solid medium prepared from course-ground wheat and lentils provided the best yield, regardless of the liquid medium used as inoculant.
Agitation and storage of media allowed for the release of components that increased conidia production.
The study aimed to increase the production of JAB 02 and JAB 45 isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii using a biphasic culture system.
Isolates of L. lecanii were obtained from green cochineals (Coccus viridis) from orange orchards in Brazil.
The best liquid media for producing JAB 02 and JAB 45 were found to be a mixture of cassava press water, sugar cane molasses, Milhocina, and cheese whey, and cassava press water, Milhocina, and cheese whey, respectively.
Mixtures of course-ground wheat and sorghum, wheat bran and sorghum, wheat bran and lentils, wheat bran and millet, and course-ground wheat and lentils were the most favorable solid media for producing JAB 02 and JAB 45, respectively.
For the biphasic culture, liquid media were prepared by diluting the substrate in distilled water and adding 1% dextrose, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 and 250 mg L-1 chloramphenicol was added to prevent bacterial contamination.
The bags containing solid media were autoclaved and inoculated with liquid medium culture suspensions, and then incubated in the dark at 25°C for 15 days.
After incubation, conidia were collected and their number and viability were determined using a Neubauer chamber.
The process yield was calculated by collecting the solid residue and measuring the dry mass of the conidia and the substrate.
A production cost analysis was performed based on the experimental results.

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Test your knowledge on simulating bioproduction and analyzing production costs based on a given scenario. Understand the factors involved in determining the production cost structure and how to apply it to small scale biofactories.