30 Questions
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What are the collective processes involving nutrient consumption, cell growth, and product synthesis called?
Metabolic processes
Which type of cells do not contain a membrane-enclosed nucleus?
Procaryotic cells
What term is used for the industrial-scale production of useful products by harnessing metabolic processes?
Biochemical engineering
What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes in terms of cellular structures?
Presence of membrane-enclosed nucleus
Which cells are traditionally the main focus of biochemical engineering?
Microbial cells
What is the shape of bacteria classified as 'cocci'?
Spherical or ovoid shaped
Which category of bacteria can survive temperatures between 7 to 45 oC?
Mesophilic
What is the characteristic of microaerophilic bacteria?
Survives in minute amounts of oxygen
Where can peritrichous flagella be located on a bacterial cell?
Anywhere in the cell
What are spores in bacteria known for?
Withstanding extreme conditions
What differentiates pili/fimbrae from flagella in bacteria?
Length
Which major class of enzymes is responsible for Functional group transfer?
Transferases
What is the main requirement for successful application of biotechnology?
Integration of scientific disciplines and technologies
What type of reaction do Oxidoreductases catalyze?
Oxidation-reduction
Which area of biotechnology is highlighted as important for its commercialization?
Bioprocess Engineering
Which enzyme class is involved in the removal of a group, leaving a double bond?
Hydrolases
What is the main function of Isomerases?
Isomerization
What are some roles of a biochemical engineer in the commercial realization of biotechnology?
Scale-up, design, operation and control of bioreactors
What tools are commonly used in biochemical engineering?
Quantitative models and approaches
In enzyme classification, which class is mainly involved in the addition of a group to a double bond to form a new double bond or ring structure?
Ligases (synthetases)
What makes biological systems amenable to engineering analysis according to the text?
They obey the laws of chemistry and physics
If an enzyme is involved in the joining of two molecules coupled with the cleavage of a pyrophosphate bond, to which major class does it belong?
Ligases (synthetases)
In which aspect of bioprocessing is substantial engineering input essential?
Design and optimal operation of bioreactors
What does Km represent in the Briggs and Haldane approach?
The product-releasing step
In what scenario will Km and K20 be the same in the Briggs and Haldane approach?
When the product-releasing step is slower
What occurs in uncompetitive inhibition?
The inhibitor does not bind to the enzyme-substrate complex
What effect does substrate inhibition have on enzyme activity?
Decreases activity at low substrate concentrations
What is the relationship between vmax app and Km, app in enzyme kinetics?
vmax app and Km, app are inversely related
What characterizes an enzyme-substrate complex in uncompetitive inhibition?
Formation of a stable complex
Explore the importance of bioprocess engineering in the successful application of biotechnology, integrating microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and engineering know-how. Learn about the key areas vital for the commercialization of biotechnological processes.
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