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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of fetal heart reactivity in a non-stress test?
What is the significance of fetal heart reactivity in a non-stress test?
Fetal heart acceleration of 15 bpm for 15 seconds during fetal movement.
What is the normal fetal breathing frequency for a biophysical profile score?
What is the normal fetal breathing frequency for a biophysical profile score?
What are the three stages of human fetal development?
What are the three stages of human fetal development?
Zygote, Embryo, Fetus
The structure primarily responsible for gas exchange in fetal life is the ______.
The structure primarily responsible for gas exchange in fetal life is the ______.
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At what month does the human face begin to develop during fetal growth?
At what month does the human face begin to develop during fetal growth?
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Amniotic fluid is produced in the 5th month of fetal development.
Amniotic fluid is produced in the 5th month of fetal development.
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The two arteries in the umbilical cord are known as ______.
The two arteries in the umbilical cord are known as ______.
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What is the primary function of the umbilical vein?
What is the primary function of the umbilical vein?
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What happens during the 8th month of fetal development?
What happens during the 8th month of fetal development?
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The foramen ovale connects the two umbilical arteries.
The foramen ovale connects the two umbilical arteries.
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Study Notes
Biophysical Profile Scoring
- Biophysical Profile scoring uses sonogram and non-stress tests to assess fetal well-being.
- A score of 2 is given for each normal criterion.
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Sonogram Criteria:
- Fetal Breathing: One episode of breathing movements every 30 seconds or sustained breathing for 30 minutes.
- Fetal Movement: Three separate episodes of limb and trunk movement every 30 minutes.
- Fetal Tone: At least one episode of flexion and extension of extremities or spine every 30 minutes.
- Amniotic Fluid Volume: Pocket of fluid measuring greater than 1 cm in vertical diameter.
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Non-Stress Test Criteria:
- Fetal Heart Reactivity: Two or more accelerations of at least 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more in association with fetal movement within a 20 minute period.
- Contraction Stress Test: No late decelerations of the fetal heart rate with contractions induced by nipple stimulation.
Fetal Growth and Development
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Stages of Development:
- Zygote: Conception to 2 weeks.
- Embryo: 2 weeks to 2 months.
- Fetus: 2 months to full term or delivery.
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Trimesters:
- 1st Trimester: Organogenesis - development of basic organs like the heart and brain.
- 2nd Trimester: Fetal length increases.
- 3rd Trimester: Rapid growth and development in preparation for the outside world.
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Monthly Development:
- 1st Month: Germ layer formation (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), brain and nervous system development, fetal heart beat audible, development of trachea and lungs.
- 2nd Month: Complete organogenesis, placenta development, and development of sex organs (not visible on sonogram).
- 3rd Month: Complete placenta and barrier formation, amniotic fluid production, audible fetal heart tone (Doppler), and bone formation.
- 4th Month: Fetal heart tone detectable by fetoscope, visual skeletal outline, human face formation, development of external genitalia, and development of lanugo (fine hair).
- 5th Month: Quickening (first fetal movement felt by the mother), vernix caseosa (cheesy covering) development, fetal heart tone audible by stethoscope.
- 6th Month: Term size, scalp hair development, pinkish and wrinkled skin (premature).
- 7th Month: Alveoli development for preparation to breathe outside the womb, production of surfactant.
- 8th Month: Decrease in lanugo and vernix, rapid fat deposition for temperature regulation, fetus viable for delivery.
- 9th Month: Disappearance of vernix caseosa, decreased amniotic fluid, birth position (head in cervix), lightening (decreased pressure on diaphragm).
Fetal Circulation
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Structures:
- Placenta: Attached to the uterus, primary gas exchange for fetal life, contains two umbilical arteries.
- Umbilical Arteries: Carry unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
- Umbilical Vein: Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
- Foramen Ovale: Opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart, allows blood to bypass the lungs.
- Ductus Arteriosus: Blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allows blood to bypass the lungs.
- Ductus Venosus: Blood vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Biophysical Profile scoring, a vital assessment of fetal well-being using sonograms and non-stress tests. This quiz covers key criteria such as fetal breathing, movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, and heart reactivity. Perfect for students in obstetrics or anyone interested in prenatal health.
