Biomolecules and Cellular Basics

<p>Monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules, joined together to create larger structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complexity allows macromolecules to carry out a wider range of functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (molecular weight 5,800 g/mol) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To highlight the importance of these molecules for life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detoxification and breakdown of harmful molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection and structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A network of proteins involved in cell shape, stability, and movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection and regulation of the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily lipids and non-polar proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By synthesizing additional lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the cell to change in response to its environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are physically connected and share some functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the primary site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contain the complete set of genes for the organism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of sunlight into chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme environments, such as hot springs and acidic bogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be formed by multiple macromolecules working together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules part of or secreted by cells, essential for life.

A painful condition caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream.

The primary energy molecule for cells, containing multiple functional groups.

Large biomolecules with molecular weights of 5,000 g/mol or more.

One of the largest proteins with a molecular weight of 3,900,000 g/mol.

The smallest building blocks of macromolecules, like amino acids and nucleotides.

Specific groups of atoms within biomolecules that dictate their chemical properties.

Typically have molecular weights less than 5,000 g/mol.

Chemical intermediates involved in cell processes like energy production.

Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

The cell boundary that regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Specialized compartments within a eukaryotic cell, each performing specific functions.

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, controlling access to the DNA.

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins from amino acids.

An organelle with ribosomes on its surface responsible for protein synthesis and processing.

An organelle lacking ribosomes that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.

An organelle that modifies and packages proteins for transport inside or outside the cell.

An organelle that detoxifies harmful substances, including hydrogen peroxide.

An organelle containing enzymes to degrade macromolecules into smaller parts.

An organelle in plant cells for storage of water, ions, and nutrients.

Organelles that produce ATP for cellular energy through respiration.

A rigid outer layer in plants, fungi, and some protists for support and protection.

A network of proteins that maintains cell shape and enables movement.

Assemblies of two or more macromolecules that interact to perform specific functions.

Simple, single-celled organisms without membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

The jelly-like fluid inside a cell, where cell components are suspended.

A region in prokaryotes where DNA is concentrated, but not enclosed by a membrane.

The complete set of genes in an organism housed in the nucleoid of prokaryotes.

The complete set of small organic molecules, or metabolites, within a cell.

Another term for the plasma membrane, which defines a cell's boundary.

Organelles encased in membranes found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells.

Fatty molecules that make up the plasma membrane and contribute to its fluidity.

Organic molecules, such as starch, that serve as energy sources and structural components.

Molecules made of amino acids that perform various functions within and outside cells.