Biomembrane Processes Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the initial process by which proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Co-translational transport (correct)
Endocytosis
Constitutive secretion
Retrograde transport

The Golgi apparatus is a single, unchanging structure within the cell.

False (B)

What is the function of retrograde transport in the Golgi apparatus?

To transport proteins from later to earlier Golgi cisternae.

Proteins are released from the cell in response to an external signal during ______ secretion.

regulated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the movement of proteins through the Golgi?

Both B and C (A) Signup and view all the answers

Endocytosis involves the plasma membrane folding inward to bring materials into the cell.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do vesicles play in the endomembrane system?

They transport proteins between organelles. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

Constitutive secretion = Proteins move freely to the cell exterior. Cisternal maturation = Modification of proteins in the Golgi. Regulated secretion = Proteins are released in response to signals. Endocytosis = Plasma membrane invagination to uptake material. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes co-translational transport?

Proteins entering the ER as they are being synthesized by ribosomes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Constitutive secretion requires an external signal for proteins to be released from the cell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins as they move through its cisternae. Signup and view all the answers

Proteins destined for degradation are transported to ________ or other organelles.

lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their function in protein transport:

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) = Initial entry point for protein synthesis and transport Golgi Apparatus = Modification and packaging of proteins Lysosomes = Degradation of proteins and cellular waste Transport Vesicles = Transport of proteins between organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of proteins that undergo regulated secretion?

They are stored in secretory vesicles until an external signal triggers their release. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Retrograde transport only occurs from the ER to the Golgi.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do vesicles contribute to the interconnectedness of the endomembrane system?

Vesicles bud off from donor organelles and fuse with acceptor organelles, transporting proteins and lipids. Signup and view all the answers

The dynamic nature of biological membranes and the highly organized transport processes occur within a ________ cell.

living Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature allows the Golgi apparatus to have distinct compartments?

Stacked, flattened sacs called cisternae. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Co-translational transport

Process where proteins enter the ER while being synthesized by ribosomes.

ER-to-Golgi transport

Vesicles bud off from the ER to transport proteins to the Golgi apparatus.