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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of incineration in waste management?
What is the primary function of incineration in waste management?
- To recycle materials for reuse
- To separate different types of waste for proper disposal
- To reduce the volume of waste using chemicals
- To convert waste into ash, flue gas, and heat (correct)
What is the purpose of using an autoclave for medical waste treatment?
What is the purpose of using an autoclave for medical waste treatment?
- To incinerate waste at high temperatures
- To sterilize waste and kill microorganisms (correct)
- To freeze waste for safe disposal
- To physically break down waste into smaller pieces
Which type of waste should be treated by secured landfill?
Which type of waste should be treated by secured landfill?
- Shredded paper waste
- Composted organic waste
- Incinerator ash and cytotoxic substances (correct)
- Recyclable plastic waste
What is one consequence of poor segregation of waste?
What is one consequence of poor segregation of waste?
Why is re-segregation of waste challenging after transportation?
Why is re-segregation of waste challenging after transportation?
What is the primary purpose of biomedical waste management?
What is the primary purpose of biomedical waste management?
Which color coding is used for anatomical waste in biomedical waste segregation?
Which color coding is used for anatomical waste in biomedical waste segregation?
In which area should the storage of biomedical waste not exceed 48 hours?
In which area should the storage of biomedical waste not exceed 48 hours?
What should be done with sharp items in biomedical waste management?
What should be done with sharp items in biomedical waste management?
Where should bags filled with biomedical waste be tied before removal?
Where should bags filled with biomedical waste be tied before removal?
What is the recommended treatment option for red color-coded biomedical waste?
What is the recommended treatment option for red color-coded biomedical waste?
Which step follows the transportation to the storage area in biomedical waste management?
Which step follows the transportation to the storage area in biomedical waste management?
What type of items should be disposed of in the green color-coded container?
What type of items should be disposed of in the green color-coded container?
Which waste treatment process involves the combustion of organic substances in waste materials?
Which waste treatment process involves the combustion of organic substances in waste materials?
What records must be maintained regarding biomedical waste management?
What records must be maintained regarding biomedical waste management?
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Study Notes
Definition of Bio Medical Waste (BMW)
- BMW is waste generated during human or animal diagnosis, treatment, immunization, research, or biological production/testing.
- Defined in Schedule I of BMW Management Rules, 2016.
Objectives of BMW Management
- Prevent environment from being a vehicle for Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs).
- Ensure proper handling of contaminated solid and liquid waste materials.
Steps Involved in BMW Management
- Conduct surveys of areas generating waste.
- Segregate and package waste on-site within the hospital.
- Collect waste for transport to storage.
- Store waste for no longer than 48 hours before treatment.
- Safely transport waste from storage to treatment facilities.
- Dispose of waste appropriately.
BMW Generating Areas
- Outpatient Department (OPD)
- Operation Theatre (OT)
- Inpatient Department (ICU, General Ward, Patient Rooms)
Segregation of BMW
- Yellow Bag: For anatomical waste, cotton, bandages, and infected tissue paper; treated via incineration or deep burial.
- Red Bag: For plastic and rubber items like gloves and syringes; treated by shredding after autoclaving.
- Blue Container: For broken glass items; destroyed and shredded after autoclaving or chemical treatment.
- Sharp Disposal: Needles, knives, and blades to be destroyed and shredded after treatment.
General Waste Management
- Green Bag: Non-infected waste like plastic materials, papers, and food waste; disposed via deep burial.
Packaging and Transportation
- Bags should be filled to ¾ capacity, tied securely, and removed from generating areas for proper transportation.
BMW Storage and Disposal
- Waste stored appropriately in designated areas.
- Weigh and record waste in a separate register before handing it over to authorized disposal agencies.
Disposal Methods for BMW
- Yellow Bag: Incineration converts waste to ash and flue gas, considered thermal treatment.
- Red Bag: Autoclaving sterilizes waste using heat, pressure, and steam; followed by shredding for plastic items.
- Blue Bag/White Container: Secured landfills for incinerator ashes and certain medical wastes; shredded materials can be sent for recycling.
Consequences of Poor Segregation
- Legal penalties and risks of infection due to cross-contamination.
- Damage to organizational reputation and compliance risks, especially heightened during COVID-19.
- Re-segregation of improperly handled waste may not be feasible post-transportation.
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