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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a transducer in physiological measurement?
What is the purpose of a transducer in physiological measurement?
- To record analog signals directly
- To convert non-electrical physical quantities into electrical signals (correct)
- To filter undesirable frequencies
- To amplify electrical signals
Which type of signals are primarily converted to digital form for better analysis and processing?
Which type of signals are primarily converted to digital form for better analysis and processing?
- Alphanumeric data
- Medical images
- Text results from lab tests
- Analog physiological signals (correct)
What is the main function of signal conditioning in biomedical signals?
What is the main function of signal conditioning in biomedical signals?
- To eliminate all physical signals
- To convert signals from digital to analog
- To increase the signal strength only
- To prepare the signal for further processing (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a type of medical data classification mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of medical data classification mentioned?
What device is commonly implemented for amplifying conditioned biomedical signals?
What device is commonly implemented for amplifying conditioned biomedical signals?
What type of data might be archived into PACs and DICOM systems?
What type of data might be archived into PACs and DICOM systems?
Which process transforms physical signals from the body into electrical representation?
Which process transforms physical signals from the body into electrical representation?
What should be done to the signals for better recording and identification?
What should be done to the signals for better recording and identification?
What is the primary origin of electrical signals in biomedical processes?
What is the primary origin of electrical signals in biomedical processes?
What defines the resting potential of a cell?
What defines the resting potential of a cell?
Which ion primarily causes depolarization of a cell?
Which ion primarily causes depolarization of a cell?
What happens to potassium ions (K+) during depolarization?
What happens to potassium ions (K+) during depolarization?
What is termed as action potential?
What is termed as action potential?
What does the semi-permeable membrane of a cell allow during the resting potential?
What does the semi-permeable membrane of a cell allow during the resting potential?
Which condition describes a pathological process?
Which condition describes a pathological process?
What occurs when a stimulus triggers an action potential?
What occurs when a stimulus triggers an action potential?
What is the approximate duration of a normal action potential in a patient?
What is the approximate duration of a normal action potential in a patient?
Which wave in a standard ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization?
Which wave in a standard ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization?
What type of brainwaves are commonly measured by EEG electrodes?
What type of brainwaves are commonly measured by EEG electrodes?
Which of the following is a non-invasive method for measuring EMG?
Which of the following is a non-invasive method for measuring EMG?
How does atrial repolarization relate to ventricular depolarization on an ECG?
How does atrial repolarization relate to ventricular depolarization on an ECG?
What is the function of electrodes in an EEG?
What is the function of electrodes in an EEG?
What term is used to describe the summation of the responses of multiple muscle fibers in EMG?
What term is used to describe the summation of the responses of multiple muscle fibers in EMG?
Which of the following brainwave patterns is typically associated with deep sleep?
Which of the following brainwave patterns is typically associated with deep sleep?
What is the primary purpose of measuring the Electroneurogram (ENG)?
What is the primary purpose of measuring the Electroneurogram (ENG)?
What dictates the velocity acquired during an Electroneurogram (ENG)?
What dictates the velocity acquired during an Electroneurogram (ENG)?
What type of electrode is used in the Electroneurogram (ENG) setup?
What type of electrode is used in the Electroneurogram (ENG) setup?
What is the consequence of nerve diseases on latency during ENG measurement?
What is the consequence of nerve diseases on latency during ENG measurement?
What range of bandwidth is used when filtering the ENG signal?
What range of bandwidth is used when filtering the ENG signal?
How does the small amplitude of the ENG signal affect its measurement?
How does the small amplitude of the ENG signal affect its measurement?
What is the significance of muscle fiber contraction in the generation of EMG signals?
What is the significance of muscle fiber contraction in the generation of EMG signals?
What would be the expected conduction velocity for heart muscles?
What would be the expected conduction velocity for heart muscles?
What is one of the challenges in biomedical signal acquisition and analysis?
What is one of the challenges in biomedical signal acquisition and analysis?
Why is signal processing important in biomedical contexts?
Why is signal processing important in biomedical contexts?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a biomedical signal mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a biomedical signal mentioned?
What is a potential source of interference in biomedical signals?
What is a potential source of interference in biomedical signals?
What does signal processing aim to remove from signals?
What does signal processing aim to remove from signals?
Which factor can affect the variability of biomedical signals?
Which factor can affect the variability of biomedical signals?
What is a physiological artifact that can affect biomedical signals?
What is a physiological artifact that can affect biomedical signals?
The manipulation of biomedical signals is primarily for which purpose?
The manipulation of biomedical signals is primarily for which purpose?
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Study Notes
Biomedical Signals
- Biomedical signals reflect physiological processes and activities, enabling the detection of abnormalities indicative of diseases or disorders.
- Most biomedical signals are electrical in nature, arising from the movement of ions across cell membranes.
- Action potential is the basic component of bioelectrical signals, triggered by electrical currents.
- Resting potential exists when there's no stimulus, with the cell membrane selectively allowing ion movement.
- Depolarization occurs when the cell is excited, altering membrane permeability and allowing Na+ ions to flow in, generating a positive charge within the cell.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram) measures electrical activity of the heart, reflecting depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricles.
- EEG (Electroencephalogram) records electrical activity in the brain, measuring different brain wave patterns associated with various mental states like sleep.
- EMG (Electromyogram) measures electrical activity generated by muscle contractions, providing insights into muscle function and disorders.
- ENG (Electroneurogram) measures the conduction velocity of nerve cells, aiding in diagnosis of nerve disorders.
- Challenges in biomedical signal acquisition and processing:
- Accessibility of variables to measurement (balancing information acquisition with patient safety and comfort).
- Variability of signal sources (influenced by various factors).
- Interactions between physiological systems (influencing signal characteristics).
- Effects of instrumentation on the system (potential for interference).
- Physiological artifacts and interference (e.g., coughing).
- Energy limitations (biomedical signals often have low amplitudes).
- Patient safety considerations.
- Signal processing aims to manipulate signals for:
- Removing unwanted components.
- Extracting useful information.
- Predicting future signal values.
- Computer-aided diagnosis and therapy.
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