18 Questions
What is responsible for the shortening of the distance between the two Z-disks and contraction of each sarcomere?
The relative sliding of the thick and thin filaments along each other
What is required for the activation and binding of the myosin-ATP complex to actin?
The presence of Ca2+ ions
What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?
ATP
What is the result of the relative sliding of the thick and thin filaments along each other?
The shortening of the sarcomere
What is the threshold concentration of Ca2+ ions required to initiate muscle contraction?
10-7-10-8 M
What is the function of the cross-bridges in the myosin filaments?
To change angle during each cycle of attachment and detachment
What is the main focus of biomechanics?
The study of the mechanical structure and properties of living organisms
What is the term for a proportional change in physiological and mechanical parameters as an organism grows?
Isometry
What is the equation that describes an isometric relationship between physiological and mechanical parameters?
y = f(x)
What is the term for a dependence between physiological and mechanical parameters that is described by a curvilinear relationship?
Allometry
What is the primary advantage of using allometry in forest studies?
To estimate forest parameters without cutting down trees
What is the purpose of the allometric equation in the context of biomechanics?
To model the relationships between physiological and mechanical parameters
What are the physiological parameters that characterize the gas exchange of a bird egg-shell in the given example?
Length and area of the pores
What is the term for the repeating unit of myofibrillar bands in muscles?
Sarcomere
What is the range of diameters for skeletal muscle fibers?
20-80 µm
What is the purpose of the equation lgMT (kg) = ‒ 0.98 + 2.506lgDBH(cm)?
To estimate the total above-ground biomass of a tree
What is the term for the width of the trunk of a standing tree, measured at 1.3 meters above ground surface?
DBH
What is the function of skeletal muscles in animals?
To contract and move the body
Learn about the branch of biophysics that deals with the mechanical structure and properties of living organisms. This chapter covers isometry and allometry, and how they relate to the growth and locomotion of living organisms.
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