Biomaterials Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant advantage of targeted drug delivery?

Increased systemic drug exposure

Limited control over toxicity

Reduced drug effectiveness

Lower required dosage (correct)

Which of the following describes the EPR effect in the context of cancer therapy?

Tumors develop abnormal, leaky blood vessels (correct)

Improved lymphatic drainage around tumors

Decreased blood flow to tumors

Enhanced absorption through healthy tissue

What is a challenge of stimuli-responsive drug release systems?

Poor localization control (correct)

Simplicity of the chemistry involved

High bioavailability of drugs

Precise control over internal stimuli

How does a glucose-responsive delivery system react when glucose levels are normal?

It dehydrates and inhibits drug release Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the advantages of stimuli-responsive drug release?

Independent of external conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of excipients in tablet composition?

To serve as a carrier for the active ingredient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tablet releases its active ingredient immediately upon administration?

Sublingual tablets Signup and view all the answers

What role do disintegrants play in tablets?

To facilitate the breakdown of the tablet in the digestive system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tablet types is specifically designed to dissolve in water before administration?

Effervescent tablets Signup and view all the answers

Why is the choice of excipients crucial for hydrophobic drugs?

It affects the drug's disintegration and dissolution rate Signup and view all the answers

During the tablet manufacturing process, what is the correct order of stages?

Die filling, tablet formation, tablet ejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of granulation in tablet formulation?

To prevent segregation of constituents in the powder mix Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the mouth do buccal tablets primarily dissolve?

Inside the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of a drug indicative of?

The time taken for the amount of drug in the plasma concentration to fall by half Signup and view all the answers

What does the area under the curve (AUC) represent in pharmacokinetics?

The amount of drug absorbed systemically Signup and view all the answers

What can affect drug absorption through oral administration?

The rate of gastric emptying Signup and view all the answers

What is true about intravenous (IV) administration of drugs?

Rapid administration can affect heart and respiratory function Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to a drug's bioavailability?

The extent of first pass clearance Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is slow gastric emptying time?

Delayed drug absorption and prolonged onset time Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a drug's bioavailability?

The fraction of the dose that reaches the systemic circulation as intact drug Signup and view all the answers

How does food intake affect drug absorption?

It can either speed up or delay drug absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myosin heads during muscle contraction?

They form cross bridges with actin filaments. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with cardiac muscle?

Electrically coupled to each other via gap junctions. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as more calcium enters the muscle fiber during contraction?

The force of contraction increases. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the electrical excitation of the heart?

Self-initiating action potentials from the sinoatrial node. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of excitation-contraction coupling?

It connects muscle fiber stimulation to muscle contraction through calcium signaling. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the power stroke in muscle contraction?

The myosin head pivots and pulls on the thin filament. Signup and view all the answers

What role does calcium play in muscle contraction?

It binds to troponin C, facilitating muscle contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the shortening of a sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Interaction of thick and thin filaments. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary advantages of intranasal drug delivery?

It provides higher bioavailability. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of inhalation drug delivery?

It requires specialized inhalation techniques for optimal bioavailability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of transdermal drug delivery?

It is only suitable for potent drugs. Signup and view all the answers

How does the cardiovascular angioplasty stent assist in treatment?

By coating the stent with medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of ocular local delivery methods such as drug-loaded soft contact lenses?

They increase the residence time of drugs in the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of active delivery in cancer therapy?

It binds the therapeutic agent to a moiety. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can negatively impact intranasal drug delivery?

Cold and allergies. Signup and view all the answers

Which drawback is associated with transdermal drug delivery?

Irritation at the application site. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of achieving a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 10e-6?

To ensure a probability of no more than 1 in 1 million that an implant is non-sterile Signup and view all the answers

Which sterilization technique is associated with high penetration and rapid action?

Radiation sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of gas sterilization?

The process is lengthy and can leave toxic residues Signup and view all the answers

Which step occurs first in the sterilization process?

Determining initial bioburden Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bioburden' refer to in sterilization procedures?

The number of viable micro-organisms present before sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of steam sterilization?

Deformation of materials due to water Signup and view all the answers

In the drug approval process, which phase focuses primarily on safety?

Phase 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of preclinical testing for new drugs?

To assess the toxicity of the drug across multiple species Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomaterials

A material designed to interact with biological systems, for evaluating, treating, augmenting, or replacing tissues, organs, or bodily functions.

Types of Biomaterials (4)

Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Hybrid materials

Metals

Strong
Adaptable to form different shapes
Conduct electricity
Resistant to degradation in biological environments

Ceramics

Strong
Adaptable to form different shapes
Conduct electricity
Resistant to degradation in biological environments

Polymers

Versatile
Wide range of physical and chemical properties
Easy fabrication into diverse forms
Flexible for soft tissues
Very low or no toxicity
Lightweight
Low cost

Advantages of Polymers (6)

Wide range of physical and chemical properties
Easy fabrication into many different forms
Flexibility for soft tissues
Very low or non-toxicity
Lightweight/low density
Low cost

Natural Polymers

Extracellular matrix protein-based materials (e.g., fibrin, fibrinogen, polysaccharides)
Glycosaminoglycans (e.g., hyaluronic acid-based materials)

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells
Provides structural and biochemical support surrounding cells
Contains fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans

ECM Composition

Fibrous proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminin)
Glycoaminoglycans (e.g., heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate)

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of biomaterials, designed to interact with biological systems for various applications including tissue replacement. This quiz delves into the types of biomaterials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers, highlighting their properties and advantages. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in materials science.