Biomaterials and Inflammation

<p>Granulocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of inflammatory cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Q or Jv = ([Pc - Pi] - \sigma[\pi_c - \pi_i])$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10,000 cells/cubic mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials (biomaterials) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulation Tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both destruction of tissue and repair by normal parenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short duration, exudative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Q or Jv = ([Pc - Pi] - \sigma[\pi c - \pi i])$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymer collagen and other ECMs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of tissue and repair by scar (fibrosis) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis = The summation of the morphologic changes following cell death in living tissue Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Hemostasis/Thrombosis = Sequence of events of biomaterial responses Granulation Tissue, Granulomas = Healing, fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials (biomaterials) = Cell injury Surgery = Cell injury Hypoxia = Cell injury Physical Agents = Cell injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labile = Cells that continuously divide and are therefore capable of regeneration Stable = Cells that do not normally divide, but are capable of regeneration Permanent = Cells that are unable to divide and therefore cannot regenerate Hypertrophy = Increase in cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell Injury = Reversible vs. irreversible Cell Death = Necrosis or apoptosis Adaptation = Cell's responses to stress Regenerative Capabilities of Cells = Depends on the cell type: Labile, Stable, Permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunologic Reactions = Cell injury cause Genetic Defects = Cell injury cause Nutritional Imbalances = Cell injury cause Microbiologic Agents = Cell injury cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Inflammation = Temporal pattern Chronic Inflammation = Temporal pattern Exudate = Main characteristic Transudate = Main characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Inflammation = Main theme: Surgery, Material Implanted Cell Injury and Necrosis Chronic Inflammation = Main theme: Healing, Fibrosis Granulation Tissue, Granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis = The summation of the morphologic changes following cell death in living tissue Apoptosis = Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemostasis/Thrombosis = Sequence of events of biomaterial responses Necrosis = The summation of the morphologic changes following cell death in living tissue Apoptosis = Programmed cell death Granulation Tissue, Granulomas = Healing, fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials (biomaterials) = Cell injury cause Surgery = Cell injury cause Hypoxia = Cell injury cause Physical Agents = Cell injury cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Inflammation = Short duration, exudative, involving PMNs, and characterized by Calor, Rubor, Tumor, Dolor Chronic Inflammation = Long duration, involving macrophages/lymphocytes, proliferative cells-fibroblasts and blood vessels Transudate = Hemodynamic, non-inflammatory fluid with low protein content and specific gravity of 1.020 Exudate = Inflammatory fluid with high protein content and specific gravity greater than 1.020</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes = Include PMNs, Eosinophils, and Basophils Monocytes = Type of leukocyte involved in inflammation Lymphocytes = Type of leukocyte involved in inflammation Mast cells = Tissue cells, not found in circulating blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell Injury = Any change in the cell's environment that is incompatible with its survival and normal function Necrosis = Type of cell death characterized by cell swelling, disintegration, and inflammation Leukocytosis = Abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood Leukopenia = Abnormally low number of white blood cells in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertrophy = Increase in cell size or organ size due to increased workload Hyperplasia = Increase in cell number due to increased workload or hormonal stimulation Fibrosis = Formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue Fibrous Encapsulation = The process of forming a fibrous capsule around a biomaterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injury = First step in the sequence, leading to acute or chronic inflammation Acute Inflammation = Occurs hours to a few days after injury, involving hemodynamics, vascular permeability, and leukocyte migration Chronic Inflammation = Occurs after acute inflammation, involving macrophages/lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and blood vessels Granulation Tissue = Forms during the healing process, composed of new blood vessels and connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White Blood Cells (WBCs) = Also known as leukocytes, involved in the inflammatory response Normal Value = 10,000 cells/cubic mm in the blood Leukocytosis = Condition with increased numbers of white blood cells (&gt;10,800/cubic mm) Leukopenia = Condition with decreased numbers of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local reaction of vascular (or vascularized) tissue to injury = Main characteristic of inflammation Destruction of tissue- or walling off of the biomaterial = One of the two main themes of inflammation and biomaterials Repair- by normal parenchyma or by scar (fibrosis) = One of the two main themes of inflammation and biomaterials Temporal Pattern = Short duration for acute inflammation, long duration for chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Q or Jv = Equation for fluid filtration in inflammation, where $Q$ or $Jv$ is the net filtration or fluid flow across the capillary wall $Pc - Pi$ = Hydrostatic pressure difference across the capillary wall $\pi_c - \pi_i$ = Osmotic pressure difference across the capillary wall $\sigma$ = Reflection coefficient, a measure of how well the capillary wall retains proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible Growth Response = Cell growth response that can be reversed by removing the stimulus Irreversible Growth Response = Cell growth response that cannot be reversed even after removing the stimulus Hypertrophy = Increase in cell or organ size due to increased workload Hyperplasia = Increase in cell number due to increased workload or hormonal stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PMNs = Type of white blood cell involved in acute inflammation Macrophages/Lymphocytes = Types of white blood cells involved in chronic inflammation Fibroblasts = Type of proliferative cell involved in chronic inflammation Blood Vessels = Involved in both acute and chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials (biomaterials), Surgery, Hypoxia, Physical Agents, Chemicals and Drugs, Microbiologic Agents, Immunologic Reactions, Genetic Defects, Nutritional Imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis and Apoptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy, Hypertrophy, and Regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible cell injury refers to the state where cells can recover and return to their normal functioning after a stressor is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main theme of acute inflammation is the immediate response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by the influx of leukocytes and the release of inflammatory mediators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main theme of chronic inflammation is the prolonged and persistent inflammation, often associated with tissue destruction and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis refers to the morphologic changes following cell death in living tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, which is a controlled process of cell self-destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term used to describe the formation of scar tissue in healing tissue is fibrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Materials (biomaterials), Surgery, Hypoxia, Physical Agents, Chemicals and Drugs, Microbiologic Agents, Immunologic Reactions, Genetic Defects, Nutritional Imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short duration and exudative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PMNs (neutrophils)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injury and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperplasia and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of inflammatory cells and high protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertrophy and hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of tissue and repair by scar (fibrosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of tissue or walling off of the biomaterial, Repair by normal parenchyma or by scar (fibrosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short duration, hours to a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes (PMNs, Eosinophils, Basophils), Monocytes, Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$J_v = ([P_c - P_i] - σ[π_c - π_i])$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repair by scar (fibrosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10,000 cells/cubic mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell Injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>growth response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>persistent inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\text{(Net Filtration Rate)} = \text{(Hydrostatic Pressure)} - \text{(Colloid Osmotic Pressure)}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers