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Questions and Answers
What is the basic unit of life?
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms? (Select all that apply)
All living things are made of organs.
All living things are made of organs.
False
What type of organisms are prokaryotic?
What type of organisms are prokaryotic?
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What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
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The structure that surrounds the outside of all cells is called the ______.
The structure that surrounds the outside of all cells is called the ______.
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What are eukaryotic cells characterized by?
What are eukaryotic cells characterized by?
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Match the following organelles with their functions:
Match the following organelles with their functions:
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What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Cells and Organisms
- Evolution explains the development of diverse organisms from ancestral forms over time.
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed spontaneous generation based on needs, while Charles Darwin introduced natural selection and the survival of the fittest.
Characteristics of Living Organisms
- Composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.
- Require energy, typically through food intake.
- Capable of reproduction to sustain species.
- Maintain homeostasis to regulate internal balance.
- Organized structures with specific functions.
- Responsive to environmental changes.
- Undergo growth and development.
- Exchange materials, including water, wastes, and gases with surroundings.
Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms Classification
- Classification divides organisms into five kingdoms based on cellular organization and distinct characteristics.
- Prokaryotic organisms, lacking a nucleus, fall under the kingdom of Monera (bacteria).
- Eukaryotic organisms contain a nucleus and include kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells function as the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms.
- New cells arise from the division of existing cells.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotes feature a nucleoid region with DNA, surrounded by a cell membrane and cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotes possess a defined nucleus, with complex cellular structures and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Structure and Function of Cell Components
- Cells house organelles, which are microscopic structures performing specialized functions, either membrane-bound or not.
Key Organelles and Their Functions
- Cell Membrane: A double layer of phospholipids and proteins controlling substance movement in and out of the cell.
- Cytoplasm: A jelly-like medium where chemical reactions occur and organelles are suspended.
- Nucleus: The control center, housing DNA in chromosomes, regulating cell activities, and bounded by a nuclear envelope with pores for material exchange.
- Nucleolus: Located within the nucleus, responsible for producing ribosomes that synthesize proteins.
- Cytoskeleton: A protein framework maintaining cell shape and aiding in organelle movement, made of microfilaments (actin) and microtubules (tubulin).
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in biology, including cell theory, organelles, homeostasis, and genetic algorithms. It further explores tissue differentiation and the role of stem cells in modern science. Ideal for students seeking a solid foundation in biological principles.
