Biology Unit A and B: Energy, Ecosystems, and Change

Unit A: Energy and Matter Exchange in the Biosphere

• Energy source: Earth's energy originates from the sun
• Biosphere organization: Species, populations, communities, and ecosystems
• Energy pyramids: 10% of energy transfers between trophic levels
• Laws of Thermodynamics: govern energy flow
• Food chains/webs: illustrate energy transfer in ecosystems
• Nutrient cycles: Hydrological, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
• Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis: Essential processes for energy production

Unit B: Ecosystems and Population Change

• Eutrophication: Nutrient enrichment of water bodies
• Deforestation and forest fires: Major ecosystem disturbances
• Biomes: Various ecosystems categorized by climate and organisms
• Taxonomy: Scientific naming and classification of organisms
• Evolution: Natural selection impacting adaptation and speciation
• Mutations: Changes in genetic material
• Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium: Evolutionary rate patterns
• Allopatric speciation: Speciation caused by geographical isolation
• Evidence for evolution: Scientific data supporting biological evolution

Unit C: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration: Both processes taking place inside and outside the cell.
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Key energy currency in cellular processes

Unit D: Human Systems

• Digestive system enzymes: Function and location
• Factors affecting digestive enzyme activity
• Inhalation and exhalation: Breathing process
• Respiratory disorders: Diseases related to respiration
• Blood oxygenation/deoxygenation: Processes in the circulatory system
• Sliding filament theory: Mechanism of muscle contraction
• Blood vessel types and blood cells
• Thermoregulation: Maintenance of body temperature
• Blood flow/transfusions: Blood circulation and blood replacement
• Immune response: Body defense system
• Lymphatic system: Functions
• Excretory system: Organ structure and urine production

Explore the fundamental concepts of energy and matter exchange in the biosphere, alongside the dynamics of ecosystems and population change. Cover topics such as energy sources, trophic levels, nutrient cycles, and evolutionary patterns. This quiz will test your understanding of these essential biological principles.