Biology Unit 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Summarize the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars such as starches and oxygen.

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O -light energy-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Summarize the process of cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces 36 NET ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces 2 NET ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules go into glucose during photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water. Signup and view all the answers

What molecules go into oxygen during photosynthesis?

Water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy conversion that happens in photosynthesis?

Light energy to chemical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What energy conversion occurs during cellular respiration?

Chemical energy to chemical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What other things are required in photosynthesis, besides water and carbon dioxide?

Light and chlorophyll. Signup and view all the answers

Is ATP stored or released during photosynthesis?

Stored. Signup and view all the answers

Is ATP stored or released during cellular respiration?

Released. Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast. Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondrion. Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism does photosynthesis occur in?

Plants. Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms does cellular respiration occur in?

Animals and plants. Signup and view all the answers

What is fermentation?

It releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Is fermentation aerobic?

False Signup and view all the answers

How is energy transferred and transformed from the sun to energy-rich molecules during photosynthesis?

Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. The principal pigment is chlorophyll, which absorbs light very well. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for glucose?

C6H12O6 Signup and view all the answers

What do plant cells contain that allows them to perform cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Chloroplast and mitochondrion. Signup and view all the answers

Why do the leaves of the plant appear green?

Because chlorophyll reflects green light. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Sugars (glucose) and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Oxygen and glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What relationships are there between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Respiration and photosynthesis are dependent on each other. Without photosynthesis, respiration would not occur and vice versa. Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron transport chain?

Uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What are autotrophs?

They harness the sun's energy and convert it into chemical energy usable by the organism. Signup and view all the answers

What are heterotrophs?

They ingest other organisms as an energy source. Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for autotrophs?

Producers. Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for heterotrophs?

Consumers. Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is produced during aerobic respiration?

36 Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is produced during anaerobic respiration?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is 'organic'?

A carbon to carbon bond. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis

Converts sunlight energy into chemical energy (high-energy sugars) and oxygen.
Overall equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O -light energy-> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Required molecules: carbon dioxide, water, light, and chlorophyll.
Occurs in chloroplasts, primarily in plants.
Products: sugars (glucose) and oxygen.
Reactants: carbon dioxide and water.
Chlorophyll reflects green light, making leaves appear green.
ATP produced during photosynthesis is stored.

Cellular Respiration

Releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Overall equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
Occurs in mitochondria of both animals and plants.
Aerobic respiration produces 36 NET ATP; anaerobic produces 2 NET ATP.
Products: carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Reactants: oxygen and glucose.
ATP produced during cellular respiration is released.

Fermentation

Anaerobic process that releases energy from food by producing ATP without oxygen.

Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis

Pigments, such as chlorophyll, absorb sunlight to power light-dependent reactions in thylakoid membranes.
Energy is transferred to electrons, producing ATP and NADPH.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Autotrophs (producers) harness sunlight to create chemical energy directly.
Heterotrophs (consumers) obtain energy by consuming other organisms, utilizing energy indirectly from the sun.

Relationships and Interdependence

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent; the outputs of one process serve as the inputs for the other.

Electron Transport Chain

Uses high-energy electrons from Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Organic Compounds

Defined as compounds containing carbon-to-carbon bonds.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, essential processes in biology. Review the overall equations and summarize their functions to reinforce your understanding of these topics.