Biology Unit 3: Releasing Energy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary use of energy in animals?

  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Production of new substances like proteins
  • Active transport of substances
  • Muscle contraction for movement

    • What is the primary role of enzymes in cellular respiration?

  • To break down lactic acid
  • To produce carbon dioxide
  • To provide energy for the process
  • To facilitate and speed up reactions (correct)

    • Which of these best describes aerobic respiration?

  • The conversion of lactic acid into glucose
  • The breakdown of glucose with oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • The process of making glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
  • The breakdown of glucose without oxygen, producing lactic acid

    • What is the primary product of anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells during intense exercise?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'oxygen debt' referring to?

    <p>The extra oxygen needed after exercise to remove accumulated lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbon dioxide in bread making when using yeast?

    <p>It gets trapped in the dough and makes the bread light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ATP' stand for in the context of cellular energy?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following scenarios would anaerobic respiration in human muscles most likely occur?

    <p>During a sprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 3: Releasing energy

    • L3.1: Respiration.

    Objectives

    • Explain the uses of energy in living organisms.
    • State the two types of respiration.
    • Understand each type of respiration.

    How does the Cell Get Energy?

    • Energy comes from energy-rich substances like glucose.
    • Oxygen is needed for energy production.

    What are Characteristics of Living Organisms?

    • Movement
    • Excretion
    • Respiration
    • Sensitivity
    • Growth
    • Reproduction
    • Nutrition

    Respiration: The Release of Chemical Energy in Cells

    • Respiration is the release of chemical energy from cells.

    Use of Energy in Animals and Humans

    • Movement: muscle contraction
    • Making new substances from smaller molecules (e.g., protein from amino acids)
    • Growth and repair
    • Active transport (moving substances against a concentration gradient)
    • Nerve impulses
    • Heat production (in mammals and birds to maintain constant body temperature)

    Plants and Energy

    • Plants need energy for all processes in the previous slide except for movement and nerve impulses.

    Respiration Equation

    • The respiration inside cells needs enzymes to occur.
    • Glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water

    Types of Respiration

    • Aerobic respiration
    • Anaerobic respiration

    (1) Aerobic Respiration

    • The release of energy using oxygen
    • In animals, oxygen and glucose are carried by blood and diffuse into cells.
    • In plants, sugar is transported in phloem tissues.
    • Takes place in mitochondria.
    • Products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
    • Word equation: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

    What is ATP?

    • ATP is the energy currency inside the cell.
    • ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.

    (2) Anaerobic Respiration

    • The release of energy without oxygen.
    • Occurs when a person exercises hard (lack of oxygen).
    • Glucose broken down into lactic acid, with less energy released.
    • Word equation: glucose → lactic acid + some energy

    What happens to a runner after finishing a sprint race?

    • During a sprint, the body shifts from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration because there's not enough oxygen.
    • Glucose is broken down into lactic acid.
    • Lactic acid is a poison that makes muscles tired and causes cramps.
    • Removing lactic acid as quickly as possible.
    • After the race, oxygen debt occurs (the extra oxygen needed to remove lactic acid).

    (2) Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast or Plant Cells

    • Anaerobic respiration: the release of energy without oxygen.
    • During anaerobic respiration, alcohol is produced instead of lactic acid.
    • Uses of anaerobic respiration (Fermentation):
      • Yeast is used to produce alcoholic drinks (wine and beer).
      • Yeast is used to make bread.
    • Word equation: glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide + some energy

    Why is yeast used to make bread?

    • Yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration, releasing carbon dioxide.
    • Carbon dioxide traps in the dough, forming bubbles that make bread light and airy.

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    Description

    Explore Unit 3 of your biology curriculum focusing on respiration and the energy needs of living organisms. This quiz covers the types of respiration, how cells release energy, and the various ways that energy is utilized by animals and plants. Test your understanding of key concepts and applications of energy in biological systems.

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