Biology Unit 2: Cells & Cell Transport

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Questions and Answers

What is osmosis?

Storage of nutrients in cells

Process of cellular respiration

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

Diffusion of water across a membrane (correct)

What does hypertonic mean?

Having greater concentration of solute inside than the solution outside.

What does hypotonic mean?

Having a lower concentration of solute inside than the solution outside.

What does isotonic mean?

Having an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a vacuole?

Storage vesicle for water, food, wastes, and other substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus?

Controls all cell activities and protein production. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

Cell liquid in which chemical reactions occur. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria?

Converts glucose into ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell membrane do?

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides support and protection for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts do?

Converts light energy into glucose through photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Passageways where compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported. Signup and view all the answers

What is the golgi apparatus?

Collects, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prokaryote?

Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a eukaryote?

Unicellular or multicellular organism that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is equilibrium?

A state of balance in which there is little or no total change. Signup and view all the answers

What does a lysosome do?

Contains digestive enzymes to break down food and wastes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Synthesizes ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

Small package of nutrients, proteins, wastes, or water created by the Golgi. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell?

The basic unit of all living things. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organism?

A complete living thing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a ribosome?

Synthesizes proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is tissue?

A collection of similar cells that perform a specific job. Signup and view all the answers

What is a light microscope?

Basic microscope that uses light and mirrors to magnify small objects. Signup and view all the answers

What does specialization mean in cells?

Cells that do only one special job. Signup and view all the answers

What is cell division?

Cell splitting into two new cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does multicellular mean?

Made of more than one cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nuclear membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death when a cell can't be repaired. Signup and view all the answers

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Synthesizes lipids for use in the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What does rough endoplasmic reticulum contain?

Most of the cell's ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does synthesize mean?

To make. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organelle?

Little organs that perform specific functions within a cell. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Transport Terms

Osmosis: Movement of water through a membrane from high to low water concentration, crucial for cellular homeostasis.
Hypertonic: A condition where the solute concentration is higher inside the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
Hypotonic: A lower solute concentration inside the cell than outside, leading to cell expansion.
Isotonic: Equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell, representing ideal conditions for cell stability.

Cellular Structures

Vacuole: Storage vesicles for water, food, and waste; typically one large vacuole in plant cells and multiple small ones in animal cells.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell, housing DNA and the nucleolus; manages cell activities and protein synthesis.
Cytoplasm/Cytosol: The cellular fluid where chemical reactions occur; supports organelles and facilitates material movement.
Mitochondria: Organelles that convert glucose into ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy.
Cell/Plasma/Lipid Membrane: Regulates entry and exit of substances; maintains cell shape and homeostasis; made of phospholipids in a double layer.

Additional Cell Components

Cell Wall: A rigid structure outside the membrane of plant cells (cellulose), bacteria (glycoproteins), and fungi (chitin), providing support and protection.
Chloroplast: Conducts photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose and contains chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of passageways for manufacturing, processing, and transporting compounds.
Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex: Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.

Cell Types

Prokaryote: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; includes Archaea and Bacteria.
Eukaryote: Can be unicellular or multicellular, possessing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; includes Fungi, Plants, Animals, and Protists.

Cellular Processes

Diffusion: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration; a method of transport for cells.
Equilibrium / Homeostasis: A balanced state with minimal changes in total concentration within a system.
Lysosome: Contains enzymes for digestion of food and waste; involved in cell apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes, located within the nucleus.

Cellular Organization

Vesicle: Small membrane-bound packages of nutrients, proteins, or wastes produced by the Golgi apparatus.
Cell: The fundamental unit of life, the smallest structure capable of functioning independently.
Organism: An individual living system, which can be single-celled or multicellular.
Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis; found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in cytoplasm.

Tissue and Specialization

Tissue: A group of similar cells working together to perform specific functions.
Specialization: Cells tailored to perform unique tasks efficiently.
Cell Division: The process where one cell divides into two new cells.

Miscellaneous

Light Microscope: Uses light and mirrors to magnify small objects for observation.
Multicellular: Composed of multiple cells working together.
Nuclear Membrane/Envelope: Controls substance movement into and out of the nucleus, encasing the nucleolus and DNA.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death that removes cells that cannot be repaired or are potentially harmful, such as cancer cells.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Synthesizes lipids and transports materials within the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis; also transports materials.
Synthesize: The process of making complex substances from simpler ones.
Organelle: Specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions, akin to "little organs."

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in cell biology with flashcards covering essential terms such as osmosis, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions. This quiz is perfect for understanding the mechanisms of cell transport and maintaining homeostasis in organisms.